Can gaius really be compared to darwin?

International and Comparative Law Quarterly

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 297-329

  Samuel, Geoffrey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 85013058746     PISSN: 00205893     EISSN: 14716895     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020589300064174     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. [1947] A.C 156.
2. A.C, at 175.
3. P. Birks, “Equity in the Modern Law: An Exercise in Taxonomy” (1996) 26 U.W. A.L. Rev. 1, at p.4.
4. Professor Peter Birks QC, Harassment and Hubris: The Right to an Equality of Respect (1996) p.39.
5. P. Birks, Definition and Division: A Meditation on Institutes 3.13, in P. Birks, The Classification of Obligations (1997), pp.1–2.
6. On which see P. Stein, Legal Evolution: The Story of on Idea (1980).
7. “However powerful Birk's arguments, it is perfectly laughable to think that someone sitting in his study can produce a workable revision of the whole of the law of obligations”: D. Campbell, “Classification and the Crisis of the Common Law” (1999) 26 J.L.S. 369, at p.370.
8. One might legitimately ask if the decision of the majority in Dimskal Shipping Co. v. ITWF (The Evia Luck) [1992) 2 A.C 152, which seems to hold that exploited and low paid workers who resort to industrial action are unjustly enriching themselves at the expense of their employers, bears much relation with social reality.
9. It seems bizarre that the financial interests of local businessmen are protected against invasion by incompetent local authorities (Blackpool & Fylde Aero Club Ltd v. Blackpool BC (1990) 1 W.L.R. 1195)
10. while the psychological and physical health interests of young children are not (X (Minors) v. Bedfordshire County Council [1995] 2 A.C 633).
11. M. Foucault, Les Mots et les Gnoses (Gallimard, 1966).
12. See e.g. J.-L. Bergel, Théorie Générale du Droit (Dalloz, 3rd edn., 1999), pp.193–219.
13. [1985] 1 W.L.R. 1242.
14. J. Bell. S. Boyron & S. Whittaker, Principles of French Law (1998), p.194
15. L. Neville Brown A1. Bell, French Administrative Law (5th edn., 1998), pp.193–202.
16. An excellent translation into English of Foucault's description of Borges' scheme can be found in P. Legrand, Fragments on Law-as-Culture (W. E. J. Tjeenk Willink, 1999), p.63 together with the original Spanish. Professor Legrand also gives some background to the Borges story mentioned (but not referenced) by Foucault.
17. Granger, La Science et Les Sciences, Fragments on Law-as-Culture n.48 p.70.
18. Fragments on Law-as-Culture,p.49.
19. J.-M. Berthelot, Les Vertus de l'Incertitude (1996), p.73.
20. Ruxley Electronics Ltd v. Forsyth [1996] 1 A.C 344.
21. A.C, p.374
22. referring to Jarvis v. Swan's Tours [1973] Q.B. Z33.
23. Q.B., p 373.
24. D. R. Kelley, The Human Measure: Social Thought in the Western Legal Tradition (1990), pp.12,48–52.
25. F. Bonardel, L'irrationnel (1996), p.5.
26. Bumper Development Corporation v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1991] 1 W.L.R. 1362.
27. Of course the point needs to be made again that certain classification assertions will contradict internal coherence of the scheme. For example if one classified as “contract” the following: sale of goods transactions, insurance transactions, hire-purchase transactions and can. A car is obviously not a contract. But this is not because of factual reality itself; it is because the law of obligations classifies relations between people and the concept of a car cannot be used to construct a relationship. More interestingly would be the inclusion of wills rather than a car. Lawyers do not of course treat wills as contracts, but they could (just) conceivably do so. One of the points that Professor Atiyah makes is that contract is a very flexible notion capable of including all kinds of situations not currently seen as strictly contractual today: see generally Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (1979).
28. This point is developed in G. Samuel, “Comparative Law and Jurisprudence” (1998) 47 I.C.L.Q. 817.
29. Manuel Carvo Garcfa, Lot Fundamentos del Método Juridico: Una Revisión Critica (Tecnos, 1994), pp.167–246.
30. Berthelot, L'intelligence du social, Lot Fundamentos del Método Juridico: Una Revisión Critica, especially chap.2.
31. But see generally Samuel, Foundations, Lot Fundamentos del Método Juridico: Una Revisión Critica n.52
32. “Comparative Law. and Jurisprudence” (1998) 47 I.C.L.Q. 817.