Patterns of attachment and the etiology of dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder

Journal of Trauma Practice

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 19-35

  Miti, Giuseppe ^a   Chiaia, Elvira ^b,c,d  

^a Italian Society of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (SITCC)   (Italy)

^b Mental Health Department of the ASL RMD   (Italy)

^c Unit of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology   (Italy)

^d SAN CAMILLO FORLANINI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Attachment theory; Borderline personality disorder; Dissociative disorder

Indexed keywords

EID: 85012888941     PISSN: 15362922     EISSN: 15362930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J189v02n02_02     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Anderson, C. L., & Alexander, P. C. (1996). The relationship between attachment and dissociation in adult survivors of incest. Psychiatry, 59, 240-254.
3. Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-735.
4. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss (vol. 1). London: Hogarth Press.
5. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss (vol. 2). London: Hogarth Press.
6. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss (vol. 3). London: Hogarth Press.
7. Carlson, E. A. (1998). A prospective longitudinal study of disorganized/disoriented attachment. Child Development, 69, 1970-1979.
8. Cassidy, J., & Shaver P. R. (Eds.) (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Press.
9. Coe, M. T., Dalenberg, C., Aransky, K. M., & Reto C. S. (1995). Adult attachment style, reported childhood violence history and types of dissociative experiences. Dissociation, 8, 142-154.
10. Coons, P. M. (1992). Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified: A clinical investigation of 50 cases with suggestions for typology and treatment. Dissociation, 5, 187-195.
11. Coons, P.M. (1994). Confirmation of childhood abuse in child and adolescent cases of multiple personality disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 461-464.
12. Coons, P. M., & Milstein, V. (1986). Psychosexual disturbances in multiple personality: Characteristics, etiology and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 106-110.
13. Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one yearof age. Child Development, 62, 891-905.
14. Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Leigh, T., Kennedy, R., Matton, G., & Target, M. (1995). Attachment, the reflective self, and borderline states: The predictive specificity of the Adult Attachment Interview and pathological emotional development. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 233-278). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
15. Gunderson, J. G., & Sabo, A. N. (1993). Gunderson, J. G., & Sabo, A. N. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 19-27.
16. Liotti, G. (1992). Attachment in the etiology of the dissociative disorders. Dissociation, 5, 196-204.
17. Liotti, G., Intreccialagli, B., & Cecere, F. (1991). Esperienza di lutto nella madre epredisposizione ai disturbi dissociativi nella prole: Uno studio caso-controllo. Rivista di Psichiatria, 26, 283-291.
18. Liotti, G., Pasquini, P., & The Italian Group for the Study of Dissociation. (2000). Predictive factors for borderline personality disorder: Patients’ early traumatic experiences and losses suffered by the attachment figureDissociation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 282-289.
19. Lyons-Ruth, K.,&Jacobvitz, D. (1999). Attachment disorganization. Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies. In J. Cassidy, E. Shaker, & R. Phillip (Eds.) Handbook of attachment (pp. 520-554). New York:Guilford Press.
20. Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood and adulthood:A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66-104.
21. Main, M.,&Hesse, E. (1990). Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infants’ disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 161-182). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
22. Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation> In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 121-160). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Main, M., & Morgan, H. (1996). Disorganization and disorientation in infant strange situation behavior: Phenotypic resemblance to dissociative states? In L.K.Michelson & W.J. Ray (Eds.), Handbook of dissociation (pp. 107-138). New York:Plenum Press.
24. Miti, G. (1992). Personalità multiple: Uno studio sui disturbi dissociativi. Roma: Nis (reprinted by Carocci).
25. Paris, J. (1993). Borderline personality disorder: Etiology and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
26. Pasquini, P., Liotti, G., Mazzotti, E., Fassone, G., Picardi, A., & The Italian Group for the Study of Dissociation. (2002). Risk factors in the early family life of patients suffering from dissociative disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, 110-116.
27. Steele, H., Steele, M.,&Fonagy, P. (1996). Associations among attachment classifications of mothers, fathers and their infants: Evidence for a relationship-specific perspective. Child Development, 2, 541-545.