High-class moving pictures: Lyman H. Howe and the forgotten era of traveling exhibition, 1880-1920

High-Class Moving Pictures: Lyman H. Howe and the Forgotten Era of Traveling Exhibition, 1880-1920

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-372

  Musser, Charles ^a   Nelson, Carol ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85012821749     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (518)

1. Terry Ramsaye, A Million and One Nights (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1926), pp. 75, 312-14
2. Robert Grau, The Stage in the Twentieth Century (New York: Broadway PubIishing Co., 1912), pp. 121-22.
3. Harry M. Geduld, The Birth of the Talkies: From Edison to Jolson (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), P. 3.
4. John Fell, ed., Film before Griffith (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983)
5. Charles Musser, The Emergence of Cinema: The American Screen to 1907 (New York: Scnbner's, 1990).
6. Roy Rosenzweig, Eight Hours for What We Will: Workers and Leisure in an Industrial City, 1870-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
7. Kathy Peiss, Cheap Amusements: Leisure in Turn-ofthe Century Neu, York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986)
8. Stephen Hardy, How Boston Played: Sport, Recreation and Community, 1865-1915 (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1982)
9. Melvin L. Adelman, A Sporting Time: New York City and the Rise of Modem Athletics, 1820-1870 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986).
10. Elizabeth Ewen, "City Lights: Immigrant Women and the Rise of t h e Movies," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5, no. 3, supplement (1980)
11. Robert Sklar, "Oh! Althusser!: Historiography and the Rise of Cinema Studies," Radical History Review 41 (April 1988), pp. 11-35
12. Miriam Hansen, "Early Silent Film: Whose Public Sphere?" New German Critique 29 (Winter 1983), pp. 147-84.
13. Douglas Gomery, "The Economics of U.S. Film Exhibition and Practice," One Tracts 12 (Winter 1981), pp. 38-46
14. Rosenzweig, Eight Hours, pp. 191-228.
15. Robert C. Allen, Vaudeville and Film, 1895-1915: A History of Media Interaction (New York: Arno Press, 1980)
16. Robert C. Allen, "Motion Picture Exhibition in Manhattan: Beyond the Nickelodeon," in Fell, ed., Film before Griffith, pp. 162-75
17. Russell Merritt, "Nickelodeon Theaters, 1905-1914: Building an Audience for the Movies," in Tino Balio, ed., The American Film Industry (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), pp. 59-82.
18. Neil Harris, "John Philip Sousa and the Culture of Reassurance," in John Newsom, ed., Perspectives on John Philip Sousa (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983), pp. 11-40.
19. Calvin Pryluck, "The Itinerant Movie Show and the Development of the Industry," Journal of the University Film and Video Association 35 (Fall 1983), pp. 11-22.
20. Edward Lowry, "Edwin J. Hadley: Traveling Film Exhibitor," in Fell, ed., Film before Griffith, pp. 131-42
21. Germain Lacasse with Serge Duigou, L'Historiographe (Montreal: Cinematheque Quebecoise, 1985).
22. Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller (New York: Penguin, 1982), p. xxi.
23. Michel Foucault, "What is an Author?" in Language, Counter-Memory: Selected Essay sand Interviews (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), pp. 113-38.
24. Boris Tomashevsky, "Literature and Biography," in Ladislav Matejka and Krystyna Pomorska, eds., Readings in Russian Poetics: Formalist and Structuralist Views (Cambridge: m.T Press, 1971), p. 55.
25. David Botdwell, The Films of Carl-Theodor Dreyer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), p. 9.
26. Neil Harris, Humbug: The Art of P. T. Barnum (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), PP. 77-78.
27. Tomashevsky, "Literature and Biography," p. 50.
28. "Poll Reveals Gains by Democrats Among Vital Middle Class," New York Times, 7 August 1988, pp. 1, 24
29. Harry Braverman, Lafcor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974), PP. 403-9.
30. Albert F. McLean, Jr., American Vaudeville as Ritual (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1965), PP. 2-3.
31. Thomas Kessner, The Golden Door: Italian and Immigrant Mobility in New York City, 1880-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977).
32. John Kasson, Amusing the Million: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978), p. 11.
33. Daniel Czitrom, Media and the American Mind: From Morse to McLuhan (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), p. 43.
34. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982).
35. Albert F. McLean, Jr., is one of the few to have acknowledged their quite different agendas (American Vaudeville as Ritual, pp. 66-90).
36. Henry F. May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949).
37. Steve Ross, "Cinema and Class Conflict," in Robert Sklar and Charles Musser, eds., Resisting Images: Essays on Film and History [Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990])
38. Woodrow Wilson, Mere Literature and Other Essays (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1896), p. 212
39. Robert Sklar, The Plastic Age (New York: George Braziller, 1970), pp. 2-3.
40. Phineas T. Bamum, Struggles and Triumphs of P. T. Barnum (1882; reprint, London: Macgibbon and Kee, 1967), pp. 11-46
41. Donald C King, "S. Z. Poli: From Wax to Riches," Marquee 2, no. 2 (1979), pp. 11-18.
42. Oscar Jewell Harvey and Ernest Gray Smith, A History of Wilkes-Barre and Wyoming Valley, 6 vols. (Wilkes-Barre: Smith Bennett Corp., 1909-1930).
43. Philip S. Foner, The Great Labor Unrest of 1877 (New York: Monad Press, 1977).
44. Francis G. Couvares, The Remaking of Pittsburgh: Class and Culture in an Industrializing City, 1877-I919 (Albany: State University of New York Press 1984), pp. 31-50
45. E. P. Thompson, "Patrician Society, Plebeian Culture," Journal of Social History 7 (1974), PP. 382-405.
46. Theo L. Mumford, The Switzerland of America (Mauch Chunk, Pa.: 1881).
47. Robert Conot, A Streafc of Luck: The Life and Legend of Thomas Alva Edison (New York: Seaview Books, 1979), pp. 265-69.
48. "Bottled Music," Bethlehem Daily Times, 23 April 1890, p. 1.
49. Allentoivn Daily City Item, 2 and 4 April 1890, HPS.
50. Scranton Republican, 12 March 1890, pp. 2, 5.
51. Scranton Truth, 11 March 1890, HPS.
52. Scranton Daily Times, 15 March 1890, HPS.
53. "Exhibition of the Phonograph," Scranton Republican, 11 March 1890, p. 5.
54. Scranton Republican, 20 March 1890, HPS.
55. Scranton Republican, 21 March 1890, HPS.
56. Scranton Free Press, 23 March 1890, HPS.
57. Allentown Daily City Item, 8 April 1890, HPS.
58. Allentown Critic, 10 April 1890, p. 4.
59. Allentown Daily City Item, 11 April 1890, HPS.
60. "The Wonderful Phonograph," Bethlehem Daily Times, 22 April 1890, p. 4.
61. "Listen to the Talking Machine," Bethlehem Daily Times, 29 April 1890, p. 1.
62. The Mdtonian, 9 January 1891, HPS.
63. Danville Daily Record, ca. 14 January 1891, HPS.
64. Scranton Republican, 14 March 1890, p. 3.
65. Scranton Truth, 10 December 1891, HPS.
66. Miner's Journal, 14 January 1893, HPS.
67. The Age, 24 February 1891
68. Danville Gem, 17 January 1891, HPS.
69. CanastotaJournal, 15 March 1893, HPS.
70. Lancaster Daily Examiner, 13 February 1891, HPS.
71. York Daily, 25 April 1891, HPS.
72. Cortland Standard, 29 March 1893, HPS.
73. Daily Advertiser, 14 March 1894, HPS.
74. Proceedings of Second Annual Convention, p. 63.
75. Lebanon Daily Report, 6 February 1891, HPS.
76. McLean, American Vaudeville as Ritual, pp. 138-64.
77. Lebanon Daily Nm, 6 February 1891, HPS.
78. Hazleton Plain Speaker, 17 December 1892
79. The Mihonian, 9 and 23 January 1891, HPS.
80. York Daily, 25 April 1891
81. Bethlehem Daily Times, 28 March 1891, HPS.
82. Proceedings of Second Annual Convention, p. 102.
83. Chambersburg Valley Spirit, 10 March 1891, HPS.
84. Kingston Morning Times, 21 February 1891, HPS.
85. Marathon Independent, 29 March 1893
86. NundaNews, 15 April 1893
87. Proceedings of Second Annual Convention, pp. 52-53.
88. Proceedings of Second Annual Convention, p. 62.
89. Marathon Independent, 29 March 1893
90. Spencer Herald, 7 April 1893, HPS.
91. Bellefonte Daily Gazette, 3 May 1893, HPS.
92. Lansing Journal, 18 January 1895, NJWOE.
93. Pottsville Evening Chronicle, 14 January 1893, HPS.
94. Shamokin Daily Herald, n January 1893, HPS.
95. Miner's Journal, 14 January 1893, HPS.
96. Hazleton Sentinel, 17 December 1892, HPS
97. Bellefonte Daily Gazette, 3 May 1893, HPS.
98. Assembly Daily, 5 July 1893, HPS.
99. Philadelphia Press, 5 July 1894, hps.
100. Gordon Hendricks, The Edison Motion Picture Myth (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961), p. 158.
101. "The Kinetograph," The Phonogram (October 1892), pp. 217-18.
102. Broadside, 23 April 1894, NJWOE.
103. Norwalk Daily Reflector, 9 March 1895, HPS.
104. Wyoming County Times, 15 March 1894, HPS.
105. Rome Daily Sentinel, 18 December 1893, HPS.
106. Camden Advance-Journal, 21 December 1893, HPs.
107. Troy Daily Times, 18 April 1894
108. Jamestovun Evening Journal, 21 November 1894
109. Evening Times, 16 February 1895
110. The Courant, 3 April 1895
111. Saginaw Courier-Herald, 4 May 1895, HPS.
112. The Journal, 11 January 1896, HPs.
113. Oliver Reed and Walter L. Welch, From Tin Foil to Stereo, 2d ed. (Indianapolis: H. W. Swan, 1976), p. 60
114. "Late Lyman H. Howe First to Show Motion Pictures in City," Wilkes-Barre Record, 31 May 1955
115. Scranton Times, 23 June 1896, p. 1, and 24 June 1896, p. 1
116. Wilkes-Barre Record, 29 June 1896, p. 12.
117. "Wizard Edison's Vitascope," Wilkes-Barre Times, 1 July 1896, p. 8.
118. New York Clipper, 26 September 1896, p. 480
119. Wilkes-Barre News, ca. 1912, HS.
120. A Million and One Nights, p. 313
121. Wilkes-Barre Record, 28 November 1896, HPS.
122. "The Animatiscope," Wilkes-Barre Leader, 3 December 1896, p. 2.
123. Wilkes-Barre Leader, 3 December 1896, p. 2.
124. Bloomsburg Daily, 29 December 1896, HPS.
125. Erik Barnouw, Documentary: A History Of the Non-Fiction Film (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), pp. 5-20.
126. "The Animotoscope," Wilkes-Barre Record, 5 December 1896, p. 12.
127. Wilkes-Barre Record, 5 December 1896, p. 12.
128. The Union, 12 December 1896, HPS.
129. Evening Gazette, 12 December 1896, HPS.
130. Daily Record, 30 December 1896, HPS.
131. Charles Musser, "Another Look at the Chaser Period," Studies in Visual Communication 10, no. 4 (Fall 1984): 24-44.
132. New York Dramatic Mirror (henceforth NYDM), 9 January 1897, P. 7.
133. Reading Eagle, 9 January 1898, pp. 2, 3
134. BrooWjn Eagle, to February 1901, p. 8.
135. "Amusements," Williamsport Sun, 10 December 1896, p. 4.
136. "Gave a Performance," South Bethlehem Daily Globe, 26 February 1897, p. 1.
137. "The Projectoscope Will Do," Harrisburg Daily Telegraph, 30 November 1896, p. I.
138. "An Attractive Exhibition," Hanover Evening Herald, 19 January 1897, p. 1.
139. "New Advertisements," Hanover Evening Herald, 11 May 1897, P. 2
140. "High Class Vaudeville," Phoenix Gazette, 20 May 1897
141. "Look Out for the Big Show," Tuscan Citizen, 27 May 1897
142. Geneva Advertiser, 6 April 1897, P. 3.
143. Wilkes-Barre Record, 5 December 1896, p. 12.
144. "At the Frothtngham," Scranton Times, 23 June 11896, p. 4.
145. "Wizard Edison's Vitascope," Wilkes-Barre Times, 1 July 1896, p. 8.
146. Port Jervis Evening Journal, 12 December 1896, HPs.
147. Danville Sun, 30 December 1896, HPS.
148. Wilfces-Barre Record, 29 October 1897, P. 7.
149. Daily Record, 22 December 1896, HPs.
150. Danville Sun, 30 December 1896, HPS.
151. Wilfces-Barre Record, 19 May 1896, p. 5.
152. Wilkes-Barre Record, 8 January 1897, p. 5.
153. Wilkes-Barre Record, 9 January 1897, P. 5.
154. Rome Daily Sentinel, 3 May 1897, HPS.
155. Albany Evening Journal, 10 February 1897, HPS.
156. Wayne Independent, 5 March 1897, HPS.
157. Geneva Advertiser, 9 March 1897, P. 2
158. Hadley to Howe, 17 September 1899, TXU-H.
159. Cohoes Republican, 27 February 1897, p. 1.
160. Middletovjn Daily Times, 11 December 1896, HPS.
161. Port Jervis Evening Gazette, 12 December 1896, HPS.
162. Middletovwn Daily Times, 3 February 1897, HPS.
163. Albany Evening Journal, 10 February 1897, HPS.
164. Danbury Evening News, 16 June 1897, HPS.
165. Danbury Evening News, 20 November 1897, HAS
166. "The Brutal Show," Wilkes-Barre Record, 16 February 1897, p. 4.
167. "No Prize Fight Pictures," South Bethlehem Daily Globe, 23 March 1897, p. 2
168. New York World, 20 March 1897, P. 8.
169. "The Veriscope Shows the Fight," New York Tribune, 23 May 1897, p. 8.
170. Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 September 1897, p. 5.
171. "Church and Amusements," Hartford Courant, 21 May 1896, p. 3.
172. Scranton Tribune, 14 April 1897, HPS.
173. Danbury EveningNews, 12 February 1898, HAS.
174. Ellenville Journal, 18 June 1897, HPS.
175. Wilkes-Barre Record, 19 January 1897, P. 4.
176. Wilkes-Barre Record, 29 October 1897, P. 7.
177. Moving Picture World, 22 February 1908, p. 132.
178. "Moving War Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 17 September 1898, p. 5.
179. Hartford Courant, 22 March 1898, p. 3.
180. "Life, Color and Motion," Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 28 November 1896, p. 9.
181. "A Cycle Tour in Europe," Brooklyn Eagle, 27 April 1896, p. 7.
182. "Prof. Northrop's Lecture," Brooklyn Eagle, 16 January 1898, p. 13.
183. "The Hardships of Klondike," Brooklyn Eagle, 12 February 1898, p. 3.
184. "The First Lenten Lecture," New York Tribune, 25 February 1898, p. 7.
185. "A Successor to Stoddard," Brooklyn Eagle, 13 March 1898, p. 32.
186. E. Burton Holmes, The Burton Holmes Lectures, 1897-1898, p. 3, BHS.
187. "Cycling Through Corsica," New York Tribune, 1 March 1898, p. 7
188. "The Santiago Campaign," Brooklyn Eagle, 4 April 1899, p. 3.
189. Evening Herald, 28 October 1897, HAS.
190. Evening Herald, 28 October 1897, HAS.
191. Wilkes-Barre Record, 1 June 1898, HAS.
192. Carbondale Evening Leader, 28 October 1897, HAS.
193. Wilkes-Barre Record, 27 January 1898, HAS.
194. Cecil Hepworth, Came the Dawn (London: Phoenix House, 1951), p. 33.
195. Amsterdam Daily Democrat, 5 March 1898, HAS.
196. Amsterdam Mcmung Sentinel, 3 March 1898, HAS.
197. WOkes-Barre Newsdealer, 27 January 1898
198. Danbury Evening News, 20 November 1897, HAS.
199. Danbury Evening News, 20 November 1897
200. Evening Herald (North Adams, Massachusetts), 9 November 1897
201. Morning Sentinel (Amsterdam, New York), 3 March 1898, HAS.
202. Hartford Counant, 22 April 1899, P. 5.
203. Danbury Evening News, 20 November 1897, HPS
204. "Realistic Noises," St. Louis Republic, 21 June 1896, p. 16.
205. "Howe's Realistic Pictures," Wilkces-Barre Record, 25 January 1899, p. 10.
206. "The Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 26 October 1899, P. 5.
207. "Moving Pictures and Fairview," Troy Daily Times, 23 January 1900, p. 5.
208. "Howe and His Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Times, 26 October 1899, p. 3.
209. Wilkes-Barre Times, 26 October 1899, P. 3.
210. Wilkes-Barre Record, 26 October 1899, P. 5.
211. Wilkes-Barre Times, 26 October 1899, P. 3.
212. "The Moving Pictures," Scranton Truth, 25 October 1899, p. 3.
213. Jacques Delandes and Jacques Richard, Histoire Comparee du Cinema (Tournai, Belgium: Casterman, 1968), vol. 2, DuCinematographeau cinema, pp. 23-25.
214. The Phonoscope (August-September 1897), p. 11.
215. Troy Daily Times, 23 January 1900, p. 5.
216. "Mr. Howe's Exhibition," Wilkes-Barre Record, 14 November 1899, p. 6.
217. "The Howe Moving Pictures," Wheeling Register, 24 March 1900, p. 5.
218. "The Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 20 October 1900, p. 5.
219. "A High Class Exhibition," Wilkes-Barre Times, 21 January 1901, p. 8.
220. Hartford Times, 12 April 1897, p. 1
221. Hartford Courant, 20 April 1897, p. 3.
222. Robert C. Allen, "Contra the Chaser Period," in Fell, ed., Film Before Griffith, pp. 105-15.
223. "Howe's Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Times, 14 January 1901, p. 8.
224. "Howe's Famous Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Times, 23 November 1901, p. 3.
225. "Amusement" Reading Eagle, 11 April 1902, p. 2.
226. "Howe and His Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Times, 8 November 1902, p. 6.
227. "World in Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 8 November 1901, p. 5.
228. Hartford Courant, 6 April 1900, p. 7.
229. "Moving Pictures," Hartford Courant, 1 April 1902, p. 7.
230. "Successful Moving Pictures," Elmira Daily Advertiser, 8 March 1902, p. 7.
231. "New England Figures Theater Values by Millions," Moving Picture World, 15 July 1916, p. 407.
232. New York Clipper, 24 April 1897, P. 125
233. "The Three Bonheurs," Billboard, 15 December 1900, p. 19.
234. "The Bonheur Bros. Show," Billboard, 16 November 1901, p. 8.
235. "Japan, Land of Flowers," Brooklyn Eagle, 6 January 1900, p. 11.
236. "Holmes Lecture on Hawaii," Brooklyn Eagle, 28 December 1899, P. 13.
237. "Manila and the Philippines," Brooklyn Eagle, 30 December 1899, P. 14.
238. Obituary, Fred Willson, Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 December 19M, p. 7
239. "Mr. Howe's New Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 28 March 1903, p. 7.
240. "Will C. Smith," Moving Picture World, ca. 1918, ws.
241. Elmira Daily Advertiser, 10 February 1902, p. 6
242. Reading Eagle, 10 April 1903, P. 3.
243. Norwich Bulletin, 1 January 1904, p. 1.
244. Leuwton Evening Journal, 7 March 1904, p. 8.
245. Geneva Advertizer-Gazette, 23 February 1904.
246. Zanesville Daily Courier, 21 October 1904, p. 5.
247. New York Clipper, 30 July 1904, p. 532.
248. Waushara County Argus, 30 May 1906, p. 1.
249. Glens Falb Times, 28 January 1904, p. 6.
250. Wilkes-Barre Leader, 12 April 1904, p. 8.
251. Reading Eagle, to April 1904, p. 4.
252. Reading Eagle, 14 April 1904, p. 2.
253. "The Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 April 1904, p. 3.
254. Wilkes-Barre Record, 10 March 1904, P. 8.
255. Reading Eagle, 14 April 1904, p. 2.
256. Views and Film Index, 21 November 1008, p. 3.
257. The Norwalh Hour, 7 October 1904, p. 7.
258. New Britain Record, 23 November 1904, p. 3.
259. New Britain Record, 25 November 1904, p. 3.
260. New Britam Record, 3 December 1904, P. 4.
261. Views and Film Index, 21 November 1908, p. 3
262. New Britain Record, 24 February 1905.
263. Wilkes-Barre Record, 8 September 1904.
264. "A Great Pageant for Americans," Wilkes-Barre Leader, 1 April 1905, p. 4.
265. "The Projectoscope," Views and Film Index, 23 June 1906, p. 5.
266. New York Clipper, 30 September 1905, p. 800.
267. "Miscellaneous," New York Clipper, 21 October 1905, p. 887.
268. Billboard, 30 September 1905, p. 5.
269. Film Index, 19 May 1906, p. 8.
270. "Mr. Howe's Big Strike," Wilkes-Barre Record, 9 August 1905, p. 18.
271. "President the Honored Guest of Wyoming Valley," Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 August 1905, P. I.
272. "World Famous Scenes," Wilkes-Barre Record, 4 November 1905, p. 10.
273. "Last Night's Performance," AUentown Morning Call, 11 November 1905, p. I .
274. Boston Herald, 6 October 1905, p. 10.
275. Milwaukee Sentinel, 11 October 1905, p. 4.
276. Milwaukee Sentinel, 1 December 1905, p. 4.
277. "Howe's Moving Pictures," Boston Herald, 6 February 1906, p. 8.
278. "Howe at the Armory," Detroit Free Press, 25 March 1906, p. IIa.
279. Moving Picture World, 9 March 1907, p. 9.
280. Baltimore Sun, 13 May 1906, p.1
281. Milwaukee Sentinel, 29 November 1906, p. 5.
282. "Lifeorama Delights," Boston Herald, 12 October 1006, p. 14.
283. "Lyman H. Howe, the Lecturer Who Praises Animated Camera," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 18 January 1907, p. 5.
284. Pittsburgh Post, 19 January 1908, p. 6.
285. Wheeling Renter, 14 September 1907, p. 4.
286. Pittsburgh Dispatch, 19 January 1908, p. 4
287. Boston Herald, 12 October 1907, P. 3.
288. "Pictures at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 6 August 1907, p. 9.
289. "'Lifeorama' at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1907, p. 7.
290. "Last Week of Pictures," Baltimore Sun, 27 August 1907, p. 7.
291. "Lifeorama at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 13 August 1907, p. 6.
292. Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1907, p. 7.
293. Billboard, 17 August 1907, P. 14.
294. Moving Picture World, 5 October 1907, P. 486.
295. Moving Picture World, 9 May 1908, p. 411.
296. "The Elmendorf Lectures," Moving Picture World, 5 October 1907, p. 485.
297. Buffalo Express, 8 June 1909, p. 7.
298. WilkeS'Barre Record, 15 May 1908, p. 3.
299. "In the Theaters and Parks Last Evening," Pittsburgh Post, 14 July 1908, p. 4.
300. "Nixon Theater," Pittsburgh Post, 26 July 1908, p. 2f
301. Cleveland Plain Dealer, 16 August 1908, p. 8
302. Moving Picture World, 22 August 1908, p. 136
303. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 10 June 1908, p. 7.
304. Pittsburgh Post, 30 June 1908, p. 4.
305. Pittsburgh Post, 21 July 1908, p. 4.
306. "Views of Many Lands," Baltimore Sun, 11 August 1908, p. 5.
307. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 22 August 1909, p. 18.
308. David Nasaw, Children of the City at Work and at Play (Garden City, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1985).
309. "Amusement Houses," Wilkes-Barre Record, 28 November 1907, p. 11
310. Wilkes-Barre Record, 29 November 1907, p. 8.
311. Film Index, 22 September 1906, p. 1.
312. Rosenzweig, Eight Hours, p. 192.
313. Moving Picture World, 7 December 1907, p. 645.
314. Moving Picture World, 21 September 1907, p. 454.
315. "Amusements Opposed," Baltimore Sun, 19 May 1908, p. 9.
316. New York Clipper, 2 January 1909, p. 1158.
317. "Wage War on Shows," New York Tribune, 24 December 1908, p. 4.
318. New York Clipper, 2 January 1909, p. 1175.
319. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 22 August 1909, p. 18
320. Cleveland Press, 13 July 1909, p. 2.
321. Toronto World, 6 May 1909, p. 2.
322. "About Piays and Planers," Clrveland Plain Dealer, 21 June J909, p. 4.
323. "About Plays and Players," Cleveland Plain Dealer, 25 June 1909, p. 4.
324. "About Plays and Players," Cleveland Plain Dealer, 7 July 1909, p. 9
325. Cleveland Plain Dealer, 12 July 1909, p. 4.
326. Cleveland Plain Dealer, 8 July 1908, p. 6.
327. Cleveland Plain Dealer, 30 June 1909, p. 4.
328. "Howe's Travel Festival at Grand," Wilkes-Barre Record, 23 April 1910.
329. "Wild Animals and Music," Washington Star, 31 July 1910, p. 5b.
330. "Perilous Work of the Moving Picture Man," Toronto World, 14 May 1911, p. 6.
331. "Show Duluth to the World," DuluthNews Tribune, 9 February 1911, p. 16.
332. "News of Sporting World," DuluthNews Tribune, 13 February 1911, p. 8.
333. Duluth News Tribune, 9 February 1011, p. 16.
334. "Cameraman's Catch Seen at the Lyceum," Ithaca Daily News, 7 October 1911 , p. 5.
335. "Roosevelt Opens Gates of Great Dam," New York Times, 19 March 1911, p. 16.
336. "American Scenery at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 15 August 1911, p. 13.
337. Wilkes-Barre Board of Trade Journal, July 1911, p. 9
338. "Moving Picture Men Everywhere," Montreal Star, 1 July 1911, p. 26.
339. Donald Crafton, Before Mickey: The Animated Film, 1898-1928 (Cam bridge: MIT Press, 1982).
340. Chamber of Commerce Joumal, Wilkes-Barre, July 1912, pp. 6-7.
341. "Boy Scouts Cheer Coronation Views at the Princess," Montreal Star, 11 July 1911, p. 2
342. "Color Pictures at Princess are Wonderful," Montreal Star, 18 July 1911, p. 2
343. Philadelphia North American, 28 May 1911, p. 5c.
344. "Moving Pictures the Garrick Summer Bill," Philadelphia North American, 30 May 1911, p. 7.
345. Baltimore Sun, 2 July 1911, p. 1.
346. "Kinemacolor Pictures in Nixon," Pittsburgh Post, 19 July 1910, p. 2.
347. "Nature's Colors in Films at the Garrick," Philadelphia North American, 2 August 1910, p. 2.
348. Wilkes-Barre Record, 25 March 1911, p. 23
349. Toronto World, 22 May 1911, p. 9.
350. "Color Pictures at Princess Are Very Wonderful," Montreal Daily Star, 18 July 1911, p. 2.
351. "Kinemacolor Films Shown at Adelphi," Philadelphia North American, 5 September 1911, p. 8.
352. Ithaca Daily News, 19 September 1911, p. 6.
353. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 25 March 1910, p. 3.
354. Pittsburgh Post, 14 June 1910, p. 5.
355. Moving Picture World, 4 January 1908, p. 9.
356. "Moving Picture Barnstormers," Theatre Magazine (August 1911), pp. 47-49.
357. "Twenty-Two Humanovo Companies," NYDM, 18 July 1908, p. 7.
358. Eileen Bowser, The Transformation of Cinema (New York: Macmillan/Scribner's, 1990).
359. "The Weekly Newsreel," Moving Picture World, 21 July 1917, p. 419
360. Raymond Fielding, The American Newsreel, 1911-1917 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972), pp. 74-75.
361. Moving Picture World, 12 August 1911, p. 393
362. New York Herald, 10 March 1912, ws.
363. New York Times, 13 December 1911, p. 10.
364. "Films Depict Wild Animals in Varied Moods," New York Herald, 16 April 1912, p. 15
365. Moving Picture World, 2 March 1912, p. 774.
366. New York Herald, 16 April 1912, p. 15.
367. Philadelphia North American, 7 May 1912, p. 8.
368. Moving Picture World, 6 April 1912, p. 81.
369. New York Times, 21 May 1912, p. 24.
370. "Pictures of Arctic Animals at Garrick," Philadelphia North American, 21 May 1912, p. 2.
371. Philadelphia North American, 11 May 1915, p. 6.
372. Brooklyn Eagle, 27 December 1914, p. 7.
373. Philadelphia North American, 1 June 1915, p. 6.
374. Kevin Brownlow, The War, The West, and the Wilderness (New York: Knopf, 1979).
375. "Pictures at Forrest Paint the Antarctic," Philadelphia North American, 18 May 1915, p. 13.
376. The Bulletin of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 30 September 1911, pp. 83-85.
377. Moving Picture World, 11 November 1911, p. 461.
378. "Burton Holmes Travelettes," Moving Picture World, 13 June 1914, p. 1552.
379. "The Kalem Girl," Film Index, 7 May 1910, p. 3.
380. Moving Picture World, 22 July 1911, p. 101.
381. "Inferno Pictures Extended," Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1911, p. 3c.
382. "Queen Elizabeth," Moving Picture World, 3 August 1912, p. 428.
383. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 17 August 1912, p. 3.
384. Pittsburgh Post, 6 June 1915, pp. 2b-3b.
385. Munsterberg, The Film, p. 71.
386. "Lyman Howe Travelogues Begin Season at Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 12 August 1912, p. 3.
387. "World Sights Crowd Nixon," Pittsburgh Post, 19 May 1914, p. 9.
388. "Lyman Howe at the Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 24 August 1913, p. 2b.
389. Philadelphia North American, 7 May 1912, p. 8.
390. "The Nixon," Pittsburgh Post, 20 May 1913, p. 8.
391. "Lyman Howe Pictures Delight Lyric Patrons," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 25 August 1913, p. 5.
392. Pittsburgh Post, 18 May 1913, p. 3b.
393. "Howe Travel Scenes Again at the Garrick," Philadelphia North American, 2 June 1914, p. 8.
394. Washington Star, 31 August 1913, p. 3b.
395. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 10 August 1913, p. 3c.
396. Pittsburgh Dispatch, 18 August 1912, p. 5c
397. "Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 27 August 1912, p. 8.
398. Washington Star, 25 August 1912, p. 2b.
399. L. M. Townsend and W. W. Hennessy, "Some Novel Projected Motion Picture Presentations," Transcript of SMPE, Xll (April 1928), 34: 345
400. "Howe at Garrick with Pictures of Europe," Philadelphia North American, 25 August 1914, p. 9.
401. "Lyman H. Howe Films Open at the Garrick," Philadelphia North American, 19 August 1913, p. 9.
402. Kansas City Star, 23 May 1913, p. Ib.
403. Kansas City Star, 18 May 1913, p. 7c.
404. Philadelphia North American, 7 May 1912, p. 8.
405. "The Maine Sinks to Ocean Grave," New York Times, 17 March 1912, pp. 1-2.
406. "Lyman Howe at the Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 11 August 1912, p. 2c
407. "'Maine's Burial'-Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1912, p. 8.
408. "Lyman Howe Travelogues Begin Season at Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 12 August 1912, p. 3.
409. "New Views at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 13 August 1912, p. 8.
410. "Howe's Travel Pictures at Grand," Wilkes-Barre Record, 4 October 1913.
411. "Lyman Howe Coming to Lyric," Cincmnan Commercial Tribune, 23 August 1914, p. 3b.
412. "Howe's Panama Canal Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 28 January 1914, p. 9.
413. Thomas Cripps, "The Reaction of the Negro to the Motion Picture Birth of a Nation," in Fred Silva, ed., Focus on The Birth of a Nation (Englewood, California: Prentice-Hall, 1971), p. 115.
414. "Nixon-Howe's New Naval Scenes," Pittsburgh Post, 15 August 1915, p. 4c.
415. "Howe Films Show U. S. Navy," Baltimore Sun, 24 August 1915, p. 7.
416. "The Navy on Canvas," Wilkes-Barre Record, 5 February 1915, p. 14.
417. "Road Show Picture-To Date," Variety, 29 December 1926, p. 14.
418. "Lecture and Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, 17 January 1913, p. 5.
419. Philadelphia North American, 16 March 1916, p. 2.
420. Wilkes'Barre Record, 30 January 1915, p. 21.
421. Daniel Crane Taylor, John L Stoddard: Traveller, Lecturer, Litterateur (New York: P. J. Kennedy and Sons, 1935), pp. 145-48
422. "Yellowstone Wonders," Brooklyn Eagle, 15 December 1896, p. 7
423. "A Trip Through Wonderland," Wtlkes-Barre Record, 30 March 1906, p. 9.
424. "Travel Festival at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 21 August 1917, p 6.
425. "Howe's Pictures at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1918, p. 6.
426. "Lyric Opens Season," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 26 August 1918, p. 5.
427. "Academy-Official War Pictures," Baltimore Sun, 26 March 1918, p. 8.
428. Baltimore Sun, 16 June 1918, p. 6.
429. Baltimore Sun, 25 August 1918.
430. "America's Answer," Cincinnati Commeraal Tribune, 2 September 1918, p. 7.
431. "Lyman Howe Travel Fest Opens at Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 25 August 1918, p. 5.
432. "Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 2 September 1918, p. 7.
433. "Theaters," Baltimore Sun, 30 July 1918, p. 5.
434. "My Four Years in Germany," Baltimore Sun, 28 May 1918, p. 6.
435. New York Herald, 18 January 1916, p. 1.
436. New York Times, 10 June 1918, p. 9.
437. Neuw York Times, 22 July 1918, p. 9.
438. Richard Koszarski, An Evening's Entertainment: The Age of the Silent Feature Picture, 1915-1928 (New York: Scribner's, 1990)
439. "Lyman Howe Dies in Boston," Wilkes Barre Record, 31 January 1923.
440. New York Times, 10 June 1918, p. 9.
441. Mark E. Swam, "Motion Pictures on the Move," Journal of American Culture 9 (Winter 1986), pp. 1-7.
442. Ramsaye, A Million and One Nights, p. 312.
443. David Bordwell, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson, The Classical Hollywood Cinema (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985)
444. Charles Musser, "Toward a History of Screen Practice," Quarterly Review of Film Studies, 9, no. 1 (Winter 1984), pp. 59-69.
445. Erik Barnouw, Documentary, Richard Meran Barsam, Nonfiction Film: A Critical History (New York, Dutton, 1973)
446. James Weinstein, The Corporate Ideal and the Liberal State, 1900-1918 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968).
447. WHkes-Barre Record, 7 September 1906, p. 8.
448. Wilkes-Barre Times, 5 September 1906, p. 10.
449. Moving Picture World, 28 September 1907, p. 470
450. Wilkes-Barre Evening News, 18 March 1911
451. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, 22 July 1910, HS.
452. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, 25 February 1911, p. 3, Hs.
453. Wilkes-Barre Record, 23 March 1911, Hs.
454. Wilkes-Barre Record, 27 August 1914, HS.
455. Wilkes-Barre Record, 16 September 1914, HS.
456. Wilkes-Barre EveningNews, 17 June 1915, HS.
457. Wilkes-Barre Record, 31 July 1915, HS.
458. Wilkes-Barre Record, 12 October 1915. ws.
459. Wilkes-Barre EveningNews, 29 October 1915, p. 1.
460. Wilkes-Barre Record, 16 December 1916, p. 1.
461. Wilkes-Barre Record, 22 March 1916, HS.
462. "Continue Mine Agreement," New York Times, 24 March 1916, p. 8.
463. Wilkes-Barre Record, 9 October 1918, Hs.
464. Sunday Independent, 20 October 1918, Hs.
465. "Howe's Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Times, 14 January 1901, p. 8.
466. Wilkes-Barre Record, 10 March 1904, p. 8.
467. "The Moving Pictures," Wilkes-Barre Record, n April 1904, p. 3.
468. "Lyman H. Howe's Convalescence," WilkeS'Barre Record, 8 September 1904.
469. "World Famous Scenes," Wilkes-Barre Record, 4 November 1905, p. 10.
470. Wilkes-Barre Record, 4 November 1905, p. 10.
471. "Last Night's Performance," Allentown Morning Call, 11 November 1905, p. 1.
472. "Pictures Will Be Good," Wilkes-Barre Times, 4 September 1906, p. 8.
473. "The Day's Scenes and Incidents," Wilkes-Barre Record, 31 May 1907, p. 8.
474. "Our Soldier Boys," Wilkes-Barre Times, 21 November 1908, p. 10.
475. "About Plays and Players," Cleveland Plain Dealer, 30 June 1909, p. 4.
476. Washington Star, 31 July 1910, p. 5b.
477. "Howe's Travel Festival at Grand," Wilkes-Barre Record, 23 April 1910.
478. "Show Duluth to the World," Duluth News Tribune, 9 February 1911, p. 16.
479. "Columbia," Washington Star, 11 April 1911, p. 3.
480. Kansas City Star, 14 May 1911, p. 14a.
481. Baltimore Sun, 15 August 1911, p. 13.
482. "Daring Flights," Wilkes-Barre Record, 31 May 1911, p. 4
483. Wilkes-Barre Record, 5 June 1911, p. 8.
484. "New Pictures at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 20 August 1911, p. 3c.
485. "Ithaca and Cornell in Motion Pictures," Ithaca Daily News, 26 and 29 September 1911, p. 5.
486. "Amusements," Wilkes-Barre Record, 20 November 1911.
487. "Amusements," Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 March 1912.
488. "Lyman Howe at the Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 11 August 1912, p. 2C.
489. "New Views at Ford's," Baltimore Sun, 11 August 1912, p. 8.
490. "Howe's Pictures Have Local Color," Wilkes-Barre Record, 19 October 1912.
491. Baltimore Sun, 11 August 1912.
492. Kansas City Star, 18 May 1913, p. 7c.
493. "Howe's Travel Festival," Washington Star, 24 August 1913, p. 3b.
494. "A Risk That a Photographer Took," Washington Star, 33 August 1913, p. 3b.
495. "Lyman H. Howe Films Open at Garrick," Philadelphia North-American, 19 August 1913, p. 9.
496. "Howe Travel Series Again at the Garrrick," Philadelphia North American, 2 June 1914, p. 8
497. Wilkes-Barre Record, 28 January 1914, p. 9.
498. Baltimore Sun, 16 August 1914, p. 4b.
499. Wilkes-Barre Record, 30 January 1915, p. 21.
500. "Lyman Howe," Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, 8 July 1915, ws.
501. "Through Canal by 'Movies,'" Baltimore Sun, 31 August 1915, p. 7.
502. San Diego Union, 6 July 1915.
503. San Francisco Chronicle, 18 July 1915, p. 1.
504. "Two Expositions by Moving Pictures," WilkeS'Barre Record, 27 November 1915, p. 11.
505. "'Traveling With Howe' at Grand," Wilkes-Barre Record, 11 March 1916, p. 12.
506. "Howe Has West Point Scenes," Baltimore Sun, 29 August 1916, p. 4.
507. "Lyman Howe To-day," Wilkes-Barre Record, 1 January 1917, p. 6.
508. "Howe Has West Point Scenes," Baltimore Sun, 29 August 1916, p. 4.
509. "Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 3 September 1917, p. 5.
510. "2d Week of Travel Festival," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 2 September 1917, p. 6c.
511. "Howe's Antarctic Film," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 26 August 1917, p. 5 c
512. Baltimore Sun, 26 August 1917, p. 2b.
513. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 2 September 1917, p. 6c.
514. "Howe's Navy Picture at Ford's Theater," Baltimore Sun, 26 August 1917, p. 2b.
515. "Howe at Ford's," 18 August 1918, p. 2c
516. Baltimore Sun, 30 July 1918, p. 5.
517. "Lyric," Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, I September 1919, p. 10.
518. "Howe's Travel Pictures at Grand," WiWces-Barre Record, 22 February 1919, p. 15.