Flags, Beards and Pilgrimages: A Review of the Early Cases on Religious Discrimination

Ecclesiastical Law Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 87-91

  Sandberg, Russell ^a,b  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85012490349     PISSN: 0956618X     EISSN: 17518539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0956618X07000075     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. SI 2003/1660. See N De Marco, Blackstone's Guide to the Employment Equality Regulations 2003 (Oxford, 2004).
2. See R Sandberg, ‘To equality and beyond: religious discrimination and the Equality Act 2006’, (2006) 8 Ecc LJ 470.
3. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Cook [1997] ICR 288 at 292
4. per Morison P. See Halsbury's Laws of England, volume 16: Employment (fourth edition, London, 2000), para 684.
5. This piece does not focus upon exemptions for religious bodies: for which see R (on the application of Amicus) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2004] EWHC 860 (Richards J noted that the exemptions in the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 were narrower than those in the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003).
6. Note L Samuels, ‘Sexual orientation discrimination and the church: balancing competing human rights’, (2005) 8 Ecc LJ 74.
7. Cf Arrowsmith v United Kingdom (1981) 3 EHRR 218.
8. D. Newman, ‘Philosophical beliefs’ (2006) 782 Industrial Relations Law Bulletin 3.
9. M. Bloodworth, ‘Have faith, will travel’, Personnel Today (17 May 2005), , accessed 27 September 2006.
10. In contrast to allegations of direct discrimination, ‘indirect discrimination can be justified by the employer if he can show that it is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim’: H Fleming, ‘Working, praying and Sunday rest: has the law struck the right balance?’, (2005) 9(2) Edinburgh Law Review 323.
11. For a seminal socio-legal account of the position before the new law, see JA Beckford, ‘Banal discrimination: equality of respect for belief and worldviews in the UK’ in D Davis and G Besier (eds), International Perspectives on Freedom and Equality of Religious Belief (Waco, TX, 2002), pp 25–41.
12. Ahmad v United Kingdom (1981) 4 EHRR 126
13. Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 932
14. as discussed by G Watson, ‘Sunday working and human rights: a critique of Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd’, (2006) 8 Ecc LJ 333.
15. For further discussion of the challenges, see N Ghanea (ed), The Challenge of Religious Discrimination at the Dawn of the New Millennium (Leiden, 2003).