The Challenge of Race Relations: American Ecumenism and Foreign Student Nationalism, 1900–1940

Journal of American Studies

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 217-237

  bu, Liping ^a  

^a ALMA COLLEGE   (United States)

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EID: 85012446830     PISSN: 00218758     EISSN: 14695154     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021875801006594     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. William Wheeler, Henry King, and Alexander Davidson, eds., The Foreign Student in America (New York: Association Press, 1925), 270.
2. Two other Chinese, Wong Shing and Wong Foon, also came to the United States with Yung Wing. But Wong Shing, because of poor health, returned to China soon afterwards Wong Foon, after graduation from Monson, went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine in 1850. For details, see Yung Wing, My Life in China and America (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1909).
3. Stewart E. Fraser and William W. Brickman, eds., A History of International and Comparative Education (Scott, Foresman and Company, 1968), pp. 378-80.
4. Wen-Han Kiang, The Chinese Student Movement (New York: King's Crown Press, 1948), 15.
5. Jerome Dean Davis, A Maker of New Japan, Rev. Joseph Hardy Neesima (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1894).
6. Report of the United States Commissioner of Education for the Year 1904, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1906), 1423.
7. Samuel Paul Capen, Opportunities for Foreign Students at Colleges and Universities in the United States (United States Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 27, Whole No. 654, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1915), 57.
8. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students (hereafter CFRFS), 1936, p. 3. CFRFS box g2, YMCA Archives, University Libraries, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (hereafter YMCA Archives).
9. Wheeler et al., 163; Hurrey, “The Migrating Student,” folder entitled “Charles Hurrey, 1922-1938,” Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
10. Guy S. Metraux, Exchange of Persons : The Evolution of Cross-Cultural Education (New York: Social Science Research Council, pamphlet 9, June 1952), 42.
11. Mary A. Thompson, ed., Unofficial Ambassadors: The Story of International Student Service (New York: International Student Service, 1982), 20.
12. Kenneth S. Latourette, World Service : A History of the Foreign Work and World Service of the Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States and Canada (N.Y.: Association Press, 1957), 74.
13. J. M. Clinton to John Mott, 14 December 1911, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
14. John Mott to Andrew Carnegie; 9 March 1914, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
15. Basil Mathews, John R. Mott, World Citizen (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1934), 414-15; Latourette, 74.
16. Mott to Carnegie, 8 May 1912; Mott to James Bertram, secretary of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, 14 March 1914, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
17. “Report of the Committee to Promote Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students for the Year 1911,” p. 1, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS g10, YMCA Archives.
18. John Mott to Andrew Carnegie, 8 May 1912, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
19. Unofficial Ambassadors: The Story of International Student Service.
20. Wheeler et al., The Foreign Student, 268-69.
21. Merle Curti, Peace or War: The American Struggle, 1636-1936 (Boston, Mass: J. S. Canner, 1959), 209.
22. A total of about $18 million was authorized to return to China by the U.S. government in 1908 and 1924.
23. “Friendship,” box 2, folder 37, CSCA Collection, RG g13, Special Collections, Yale Divinity School Library.
24. Willard Lyon to Charles Hurrey, 3 July 1914, folder entitled “Correspondence 1908-1918,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
25. Rockefeller Foundation provided 150 graduate fellowships annually for 40 different countries the Commonwealth Fund annually appointed 30-40 fellows from Great Britain to study for a year in the U.S.; the Barbour Fellowships at the University of Michigan for young women from Asia rendered a special service for Asian women students; and the American Scandinavian Foundation offered scholarships for student exchange. These were just a few examples.
26. Hurrey, “Obligation to Seven Thousand Future Leaders of One Hundred Nations,” n.d., folder entitled “Articles and Reports, 1916-1920,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
27. The Foreign Student.
28. Hurrey, “Report of Progress of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students,” 1 January 1916, folder entitled “Articles and Reports, 1916-1920,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
29. Hurrey, “Obligation to Seven Thousand Future Leaders of One Hundred Nations,” n.d., folder entitled “Articles and Reports, 1916-1920,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives.
30. Hurrey to John Mott, 13 Feb. 1917, Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
31. CSCA Bulletin No. 2, October 15, 1921, p. 6, Collection of Chinese Students’ Christian Association in North America, RG g13, Special Collections, Yale Divinity School Library. Benjamin Schmoker, Oral History, pp. 8-10, YMCA Archives.
32. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS, 1933, pp. 5-7.
33. Hurrey, “Report of Progress of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students,” 1 January 1916, folder entitled “Articles and Reports, 1916-1920,” CFRFS box g10, YMCA Archives; The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS, 1933, pp. 4-8.
34. George Day to Charles Hurrey, 13 Feb. 1923, folder entitled “Correspondence and Reports, 1920-1931,” CFRFS box g10A, YMCA Archives.
35. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS, 1930, p. 3.
36. Hurrey, “The Committee and its Activities,” n.d., folder entitled “Articles by C. Hurrey, 1915-1937,” Hurrey Papers; The Unofficial Ambassadors, 1930, pp. 3-4; Wheeler et al., The Foreign Student, 137.
37. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS., 136.
38. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS., 135.
39. Hurrey, “The Committee and its Activities,” n.d., folder entitled “Articles by C. Hurrey, 1915-1937,” Hurrey Papers; The Unofficial Ambassador, annual report of the CFRFS, 1930, 2-3.
40. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS…, 1930-31.
41. Hurrey, “The Committee and its Activities,” and “Toward International Cooperation,” folder entitled “Articles by C. Hurrey, 1915-1937,” Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
42. “Statement Regarding a More Effective Service for Foreign Students in the United States” by the CFRFS, December 1923, folder entitled “Correspondence and Reports, 1920-31,” CFRFS box g10A, YMCA Archives.
43. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS…
44. Hurrey, “Review of Foreign Student Situation Since 1920,” n.d., pp. 7-8, folder entitled “Charles Hurrey, 1922-1938,” Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
45. Hurry, “Foreign Students Shocked Our Complacency,” n.d. pp. 5-6, folder entitled “Charles Hurrey, 1922-1938,” Hurry Papers, YMCA Archives.
46. Hurrey, “The Committee and its Activities,” n.d., p. 5, folder entitled “Articles by C. Hurrey, 1915-1937,” Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
47. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS, 1932, 3.
48. The Unofficial Ambassadors, annual report of the CFRFS.
49. Hurrey, “The Committee and its Activities.”
50. Hurrey, “Review of Foreign Student Situation Since 1920,” n.d., p. 8, folder entitled “Charles Hurrey, 1922-1938,” Hurrey Papers. Hurrey, “Foreign Students and the Federation,” p. 3, folder entitled “Charles Hurrey Article, n.d.,” Hurrey Papers, YMCA Archives.
51. The Committee retained its relationship with the Chinese Student Christian Association, however, until 1951 when the Cold War and the political change in China brought that to an end. (CSCA news release, 21 June 1948, CSCA folder 1948, YMCA Archives; “Report to J. Benjamin Schmoker, General Secretary, Committee on Friendly Relations,” by Ruth Haines, Everett Stowe Folder, CFRFS box g3, YMCA Archives.)