Legal Forms, Family Forms, Gendered Norms: What is a Spouse?

Canadian Journal of Law and Society

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 127-157

  Gavigan, Shelley A m ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85012430417     PISSN: 08293201     EISSN: 19110227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0829320100005962     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Carol Smart & Julia Brophy, “Locating Law: A Discussion of the Place of Law in Feminist Politics“ in Julia Brophy & Carol Smart, eds. Women-in-Law: Explorations of Law, Family and Sexuality (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985) 1 at 1.
2. Laura Benkov, Reinventing the Family The Emerging Story of Lesbian and Gay Parents (New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994) at 37.
3. Rosenberg v. Canada (A.G.), (1995), 25 O.R. (3d) 612 (Ont. Ct. Gen. Div.) at 589 per Abella, J.A.
4. Ruth Campbell, “Sentence of Death by Burning for Women“ (1984) 5:1 Journal of Legal History 44
5. Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Petit Treason in Eighteenth Century England: Women's Inequality Before the Law (1989–1990) CJWL 3:2 335 [hereinafter “Petit Treason”].
6. Buist v. Greaves, [1997] O.J. No. 2646 (Ont. Ct. Gen. Div.).
7. Re K. (1995), 23 O.R. (3d) 679 (Ont. Ct. Prov. Div.) [hereinafter Re K.].
8. M. v. H. [1999] S.C.J. No. 23, affd (1997), 25 R.F.L.(4th) 116; 31 O.R.(3d) 417 (Ont. C.A.), affd (1996), 27 O.R. (3d) 593 (Ont. Ct. Gen. Div.) The decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in this case was released on the day that final revisions to this paper were being done. It has not been possible to address the Supreme Court's judgment in this article, other than to note that the decisions of the lower 2. courts were upheld, and the discriminatory restriction to the definition of “spouse” in the Ontario Family Law Act, R.S.O. 1990, s. 29, was struck down.
9. See also Alan Hunt, Explorations in Law and Society: Toward a Constitutive Theory of Law (London: Routledge, 1993) at 225 [hereinafter Explorations in Law and Society].
10. See e.g. Evgeny Pashukanis, Law and Marxism. introduction by Chris Arthur (London: Ink Links, 1978)
11. Bob Fine, “Law and Class“ in Bob Fine et al. ed, Capitalism and the Rule of Law (London: Hutchinson, 1979) 29
12. Bob Fine, Democracy and the Rule of Law (London: Pluto, 1984)
13. Sol Picciotto, “The Theory of the State, Class Struggle and the Rule of Law“ in Fine et al. Democracy and the Rule of Law. 164
14. Sol Picciotto, “The Theory of the State, Class Struggle and the Rule of Law“ in Piers Beirne & Richard Quinney, eds. Marxism and Law (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1982) 169 [hereinafter ‘The Theory of the State”];
15. Philip Corrigan & Derek Sayer, “How the Law Rules“ in Bob Fryer et al. ed. Law, State and Society (London: Croom Helm, 1981) 21
16. “Petit Treason“, Law, State and Society
17. Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Beyond Morgentaler“ in Janine Brodie, Shelley A.M. Gavigan & Jane Jenson, eds. The Politics of Abortion (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1992) 117.
18. See also Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “A Parent(ly) Knot: Can Heather Have Two Mommies?“ in Didi Herman & Carl Stychin, eds. Legal Inversions: Lesbians, Gay Men and the Politics of Law (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995) 102.
19. See e.g. Victoria Greenwood & Jock Young, Abortion in Demand (London: Pluto, 1976)
20. E. P. Thompson, Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act. (London: Allen Lane, 1975)
21. Douglas Hay, “Property, Authority and Criminal Law“ in Douglas Hay, et al. eds. Albion's Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth Century England (London: Pantheon, 1975) 17
22. Fine, Albion's Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth Century England
23. Dorothy E. Chunn, & Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Social Control: Analytical Tool or Analytical Quagmire“ (1988) 12 Contemporary Crises 107
24. “Beyond Morgentaler,” Contemporary Crises
25. Explorations in Law and Society, Contemporary Crises
26. Laureen Snider, “Feminism, Punishment and the Potential of Empowerment“ (1994)9:1 CJLS 75.
27. “The Theory of the State,” CJLS.
28. E.g. Chris Arthur, “Editor's Introduction“ in Eugeny Pashukanis, Law and Marxism (London: Ink Links, 1978) 9
29. “Law and Class,” Eugeny Pashukanis, Law and Marxism
30. Democracy and the Rule of Law, Eugeny Pashukanis, Law and Marxism
31. “The Theory of the State,” Eugeny Pashukanis, Law and Marxism.
32. For a more recent contribution, see Judy Fudge, “Legal Forms and Social Norms: Class, Gender, and the Legal Regulation of Women's Work in Canada from 187- to 1920“ in Elizabeth Comack, ed. Locating Law: Race/Class/Gender Connections (Halifax: Fernwood, 1999) 160.
33. “The Theory of the State,” Locating Law. at 170.
34. “Law and Class,” Locating Law
35. Democracy and the Rule of Law, Locating Law.
36. Democracy and the Rule of Law, Democracy and the Rule of Law. at 141.
37. Doreen McBarnet, “Law and Capital: The Role of Legal Form and Legal Actors“ [1984) 12:3 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 231 at 233 [emphasis in original] [hereinafter “Law and Capital”].
38. Maureen Cain, “The Symbol Traders“ in Maureen Cain & Christine B. Harrington, eds. Lawyers in a Post-Modern World: Translation and Transgression. (New York: New York University Press, 1994) 15
39. Doreen McBarnet, “Legal Form and Legal Mystification: An Analytical Postscript on the Scottish Criminal Justice Act, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure and the Politics of Law and Order“ (1982) 10:4 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 409
40. “Law and Capital,” International Journal of the Sociology of Law. 11.
41. Carol Smart, Feminism and the Power of Law (London: Routledge, 1989).
42. Mariana Valverde, The Age of Soap and Water: Moral Reform in Canada (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991).
43. Alan Hunt, “Confronting the Big Fear: Law Confronts Postmodernism“ (1990) 35:3 McGill Law Journal 507 at 513.
44. Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Law, Gender and Ideology“ in Anne Bayefsky, ed. Legal Theory Meets Legal Practice (Edmonton: Academic, 1988) 283.
45. Susan B. Boyd, “Child Custody and Working Mothers“ in Sheilah L. Martin & Kathleen E. Mahoney, eds. Equality and Judicial Neutrality (Toronto: Carswell, 1987) 168
46. Susan B. Boyd, “Child Custody, Ideologies and Employment“ (1989) 3:1 CJWL 111
47. Susan B. Boyd, “Child Custody Law and the Invisibility of Women's Work“ (1989) 96:4 Queen's Quarterly 831
48. Susan B. Boyd, “From Gender Specificity to Gender Neutrality? Ideologies in Canadian Child Custody Law“ in Carol Smart & Selma Sevenhuigsen, eds. Child Custody and the Politics of Gender (London: Routledge, 1989) 126.
49. Marlee Kline, “Complicating the Ideology of Motherhood: Child Welfare Law and First Nation Women“ (1993) 18:2 Queen's L.J. 306.
50. “Beyond Morgentaler,” Queen's L.J.
51. “Law and Capital,” Queen's L.J.
52. Law and Capital. at 237–38.
53. E.g. Leshner v. Ontario (A.G), [1992] Board of Inquiry (O.H.R.C)
54. Moge v. Moge, [1993] S.C.R. (S.C.C.)
55. Re K (1995), 23 O.R. (3d) 679 (Ont. Ct. Prov. Div.)
56. M. v. H. O.R. (3d)
57. Kane v. Ontario {Attorney General), [1997] O.J. No. 3979
58. Rosenberg, O.J.
59. E. g. Egan v. Canada, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 513 (S.C.C.).
60. Eg. Andrews v. O.H.I.P. (1988), 49 D.L.R.(4th) 584 (Ont. H.C.)
61. Canada (A.G.) v. Mossop, [1993] 1 S.C.R. 554 (S.C.C.)
62. Thibaudeau v. Canada (MAW), [1995] 2 S.C.R. 627 (S.C.C.)
63. Board of Governors of the University of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Kirkpatrick and Stinson v. Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission, [1976] 3. W.W. R. 385 (Sask. Q.B.) [hereinafter University of Saskatchewan].
64. Susan Ursel, “Bill 167 and Full Human Rights“ in Katherine Arnup, ed. Lesbian Parenting: Living with Pride and Prejudice (Charlottetown: Gynergy, 1995) 341.
65. See e.g. Masse, Lesbian Parenting: Living with Pride and Prejudice
66. Falkiner v. Ontario (Attorney General) (1996), 94. O.A.C. 109 (Ont. Ct. Gen. Div. Div. Ct.).
67. James Struthers, The Limits of Affluence: Welfare in Ontario: 1920–1970 (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1994)
68. Margaret Little, “Manhunts and Bingo Blabs: The Moral Regulation of Ontario Single Mothers“ (1994) 19:2 Canadian Journal of Sociology 233 [hereinafter “Manhunts and Bingo Blabs”]; Margaret Jane Hillyard Little, Wo Car, No Radio, No Liquor Permit': The Moral Regulation of Single Mother in Ontario, 1920–1997 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998).
69. See Gonthier J. in Miron v. Trudel, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 418 (S.C.C.).
70. E. g. Miron, S.C.R.
71. Taylor v. Rossu, [1996] A.J. No. 918 (Alta. Q.B.).
72. Rossu v. Taylor [1998] A.J. No. 648 (Alta.C.A.), reversing in part, affirming in part Taylor v. Rossu, A.J.
73. Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Paradise Lost, Paradox Revisited: The Implications of Feminist, Lesbian and Gay Engagement to Law“ (1993) 31:3 Osgoode Hall L.J. 589 at 615.
74. Buist, Osgoode Hall L.J.
75. Monk v. Sjoberg [1996] S.J. No. 411 (Sask.Q.B.).
76. Cf Layland v. Ontario (Minister of Consumer & Commercial Relations (1993), 14 O.R. 3d 658
77. [1993] O.J. No. 575 (Ont. Ct. Gen. Div, Div. Ct.) where two gay men applied for a marriage license (unsuccessfully) in an attempt to challenge the heterosexual requirement of the Ontario Marriage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.3.
78. Shelley A. M. Gavigan, “Feminism, Family Law and Familial Ideology: A Perilous Menage à Trois“ in Meg Luxton, ed. Feminism and Families: Critical Policies and Changing Practices (Halifax: Fernwood, 1997) 98 [hereinafter “Feminism, Family Law”].
79. See e.g. Andrews, Feminism and Families: Critical Policies and Changing Practices
80. Mossop, Feminism and Families: Critical Policies and Changing Practices
81. Rosenberg, Feminism and Families: Critical Policies and Changing Practices
82. Dwyer v. Toronto {Metropolitan), [1996] O.H.R.I.B.D. No. 33. (Board of Inquiry).
83. “Feminism, Family Law,” O.H.R.I.B.D. at 118.
84. “Manhunt and Bingo Blabs,” O.H.R.I.B.D.
85. Wo Cars, No Radió, O.H.R.I.B.D.
86. “Paradise Lost,” O.H.R.I.B.D.
87. Simon Fodden, “The Family and Welfare Assistance Legislation in Canada“ in D. Mendes da Costa, ed. Studies in Canadian Family Law, vol. 2 (Toronto: Butterworths, 1972) 757.
88. Re Willis v. Ministry of Community and Social Services (1983), 40 O.R. (2d) 287 (Ont. Div. Ct.) at 293.
89. Re Burton (1985) 52 O.R. (2d) 211 (Ont. Div. Ct.) at 223 [emphasis added].
90. R. v. Jantunen, [1994] O.J. No. 889 (Ont. Ct. Gen Div.) at para. 17 [hereinafter Jantunen].
91. Molodowich v. Pentinnen (1980), 17 R.F.L (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.).
92. Randall Ellsworth, “Squandering Our Inheritance: Re-Forming the Canadian Welfare State in the 1990s“ (1997) 12 J.L. & Soc. Pol'y 259 at 272–73.
93. “The Theory of the State,” J.L. & Soc. Pol'y at 172.
94. “Law and Capital,” J.L. & Soc. Pol'y at 231.
95. M. D. A. Freeman, “Violence Against Women: Does the Legal System Provide Solutions or Itself Constitute the Problem?“ (1980) 7 British Journal of Law and Society 215.