Evaluation of Real-World and Computer-Generated Stylized Facial Expressions

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 16-

  Wallraven, Christian ^a   Bülthoff, Heinrichh ^a   Cunningham, Douglas W ^b   Fischer, Jan ^b   Bartz, Dirk ^c  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

avatar; Evaluation of facial animations; Experimentation; facial expressions; perceptually adaptive graphics; psychophysics; stylization

Indexed keywords

EID: 85011991997     PISSN: 15443558     EISSN: 15443965     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/1278387.1278390     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Adolphs, R. 2002. Recognizing emotions from facial expressions: Psychological and neurological mechanisms. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 1, 1, 21-61
2. Agrawala, M. and Stolte, C. 2001. Rendering effective route maps: Improving usability through generalization. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH. ACM Press, New York. 241-249.
3. Breidt, M., Wallraven, C., Cunningham, D. W., and Bulthoff, H. H. 2003. Facial animation based on 3d scans and motion capture. SIGGRAPH '03 Sketches & Applications.
4. Bull, P. 2001. State of the art: Nonverbal communication. The Psychologist 14, 644-647.
5. Cunningham, D. W., Breidt, M., Kleiner, M., Wallraven, C., and Bulthoff, H. H. 2003. How believable are real faces: Towards a perceptual basis for conversational animation. In Computer Animation and Social Agents 2003. 23-39.
6. Cunningham, D., Nusseck, M., Wallraven, C. and Bulthoff, H. 2004. The role of image size in the recognition of conversational facial expressions. Computer Animation & Virtual Worlds 15, 3-4, 305-310.
7. Cunningham, D., Kleiner, M., Wallraven, C., and Bulthoff, H. 2005. Manipulating video sequences to determine the components of conversational facial expressions. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 2, 3 (7), 251-269.
8. Decarlo, D. and Santella, A. 2002. Stylization and abstraction of photographs. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH. 769-776.
9. Ekman, P. 1972. Universal and Cultural Differences in Facial Expressions of Emotion. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NB. 207-283.
10. Ferwerda, J. 2003. Three varieties of realism in computer graphics. In Proc. of SPIE Human Vision and Electronic Imaging. 290-297.
11. Fischer, J., Bartz, D., and Strassr, W. 2005a. Artistic reality: Fast brush stroke stylization for augmented reality. In Proc. of ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST). 155-158.
12. Fischer, J., Bartz, D., and Strassr, W. 2005b. Illustrative display of hidden iso-surface structures. In Proc. of IEEE Visualization. 663-670.
13. Fischer, J., Cunningham, D., Bartz, D., Wallraven, C., Bulthoff, H., and Strassr, W. 2006a. Measuring the discernability of virtual objects in conventional and stylized augmented reality. In Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (EGVE).
14. Fischer, J., Eichler, M., Bartz, D., and Strassr, W. 2006b. Model-based hybrid tracking for medical augmented reality. In Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (EGVE).
15. Freudenberg, B., Masuch, M., and Strothotte, T. 2002. Real-time halftoning: A primitive for non-photorealistic shading. In Proc. of Eurographics Workshop on Rendering. 227-231.
16. Gooch, A. A. and Willemsen, P. 2002. Evaluating space perception in npr immersive environments. In NPAR '02: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. ACM Press, New York. 105-110.
17. Gooch, B., Reinhard, E., and Gooch, A. 2004. Human facial illustrations: Creation and Psychophysical Evaluation. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 1, 27-44.
18. Haeberli, P. 1990. Paint by numbers: Abstract image representations. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH. 207-214.
19. Kleiner, M., Wallraven, C., and Bulthoff, H. 2004. The mpi videolab-a system for high quality synchronous recording of video and audio from multiple viewpoints. Tech. Rep. 123. May.
20. Litwinowicz, P. 1997. Processing images and video for an impressionist effect. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH. 407-414.
21. Santella, A. and Decarlo, D. 2004. Visual interest and npr: An evaluation and manifesto. In NPAR '04: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. ACM Press, New York. 71-150.
22. Stokes, W. A., Ferwerda, J. A., Walter, B., and Greenberg, D. P. 2004. Perceptual illumination components: A new approach to efficient, high quality global illumination rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 742-749.
23. Strothotte, T. and Schlechtweg, S. 2002. Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics-Modelling, Rendering, and Animation. Morgan Kaufmann Publi., San Francisco, CA.
24. Tomasi, C. and Manduchi, R. 1998. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). 839-846.
25. Wallraven, C., Cunningham, D., Breidt, M., and Bulthoff, H. 2004. View dependence of complex versus simple facial motions. H. H. Blthoff and H. Rushmeier, Eds. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, 181.
26. Wallraven, C., Breidt, M., Cunningham, D. W., and Bulthoff, H. H. 2005. Psychophysical evaluation of animated facial expressions. In Proc. ofAPGV '05. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 17-24.
27. Winnemoller, H., Olsen, S. C., and Gooch, B. 2006. Real-time video abstraction. In SIGGRAPH '06: ACM SIGGRAPH2006 Papers. ACM Press, New York. 1221-1226.
28. YIP, A. W. and Sinha, P. 2002. Contribution of color to face recognition. Perception 31, 8, 995-1003.