메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 191, Issue , 2017, Pages 414-424

Combined effects of torrefaction and pelletization parameters on the quality of pellets produced from torrefied biomass

Author keywords

Degradation products; Durability; Fines; Moisture; Pine; Press channel lengths

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY; FORESTRY; LINEAR REGRESSION; MOISTURE; PRESSES (MACHINE TOOLS); WOOD PRODUCTS;

EID: 85011838819     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.035     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 84910011541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction
    • [2] Adams, P.W.R., Shirley, J.E.J., McManus, M.C., Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction. Appl Energy 138 (2015), 367–380.
    • (2015) Appl Energy , vol.138 , pp. 367-380
    • Adams, P.W.R.1    Shirley, J.E.J.2    McManus, M.C.3
  • 3
    • 84911933937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrefied versus conventional pellet production – a comparative study on energy and emission balance based on pilot-plant data and EU sustainability criteria
    • [3] Agar, D., Gil, J., Sanchez, D., Echeverria, I., Wihersaari, M., Torrefied versus conventional pellet production – a comparative study on energy and emission balance based on pilot-plant data and EU sustainability criteria. Appl Energy 138 (2015), 621–630.
    • (2015) Appl Energy , vol.138 , pp. 621-630
    • Agar, D.1    Gil, J.2    Sanchez, D.3    Echeverria, I.4    Wihersaari, M.5
  • 4
    • 84921958782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications
    • [4] Chen, W.-H., Peng, J., Bi, X.T., A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 44 (2015), 847–866.
    • (2015) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.44 , pp. 847-866
    • Chen, W.-H.1    Peng, J.2    Bi, X.T.3
  • 5
    • 0001411683 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and analysis of torrefied wood
    • [5] Bourgois, J., Guyonnet, R., Characterization and analysis of torrefied wood. Wood Sci Technol 22 (1988), 143–155.
    • (1988) Wood Sci Technol , vol.22 , pp. 143-155
    • Bourgois, J.1    Guyonnet, R.2
  • 6
    • 85019689584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass conversion through torrefaction. Technologies for Converting Biomass to Useful Energy
    • CRC Press
    • [6] Nordin, A., Pommer, L., Nordwaeger, M., Olofsson, I., Biomass conversion through torrefaction. Technologies for Converting Biomass to Useful Energy. 2013, CRC Press, 217–244.
    • (2013) , pp. 217-244
    • Nordin, A.1    Pommer, L.2    Nordwaeger, M.3    Olofsson, I.4
  • 7
    • 84868248659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative torrefaction of biomass residues and densification of torrefied sawdust to pellets
    • [7] Wang, C., Peng, J., Li, H., Bi, X.T., Legros, R., Lim, C.J., et al. Oxidative torrefaction of biomass residues and densification of torrefied sawdust to pellets. Bioresour Technol 127 (2013), 318–325.
    • (2013) Bioresour Technol , vol.127 , pp. 318-325
    • Wang, C.1    Peng, J.2    Li, H.3    Bi, X.T.4    Legros, R.5    Lim, C.J.6
  • 8
    • 0025603455 scopus 로고
    • Upgrading of biomass by means of torrefaction
    • [8] Pentananunt, R., Rahman, A.M., Bhattacharya, S., Upgrading of biomass by means of torrefaction. Energy 15 (1990), 1175–1179.
    • (1990) Energy , vol.15 , pp. 1175-1179
    • Pentananunt, R.1    Rahman, A.M.2    Bhattacharya, S.3
  • 9
    • 78650689669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of torrefaction on the grindability and fuel characteristics of forest biomass
    • [9] Phanphanich, M., Mani, S., Impact of torrefaction on the grindability and fuel characteristics of forest biomass. Bioresour Technol 102 (2011), 1246–1253.
    • (2011) Bioresour Technol , vol.102 , pp. 1246-1253
    • Phanphanich, M.1    Mani, S.2
  • 10
    • 77954862399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy requirement for fine grinding of torrefied wood
    • [10] Repellin, V., Govin, A., Rolland, M., Guyonnet, R., Energy requirement for fine grinding of torrefied wood. Biomass Bioenergy 34 (2010), 923–930.
    • (2010) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.34 , pp. 923-930
    • Repellin, V.1    Govin, A.2    Rolland, M.3    Guyonnet, R.4
  • 12
    • 77956611756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the grindability of two torrefied energy crops
    • [12] Bridgeman, T.G., Jones, J.M., Williams, A., Waldron, D.J., An investigation of the grindability of two torrefied energy crops. Fuel 89 (2010), 3911–3918.
    • (2010) Fuel , vol.89 , pp. 3911-3918
    • Bridgeman, T.G.1    Jones, J.M.2    Williams, A.3    Waldron, D.J.4
  • 13
    • 27844593389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood
    • [13] Hakkou, M., Pétrissans, M., Gérardin, P., Zoulalian, A., Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polym Degrad Stab 91 (2006), 393–397.
    • (2006) Polym Degrad Stab , vol.91 , pp. 393-397
    • Hakkou, M.1    Pétrissans, M.2    Gérardin, P.3    Zoulalian, A.4
  • 14
    • 84860198136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of torrefaction on water vapor adsorption properties and resistance to microbial degradation of corn stover
    • [14] Medic, D., Darr, M., Shah, A., Rahn, S., Effect of torrefaction on water vapor adsorption properties and resistance to microbial degradation of corn stover. Energy Fuels 26 (2012), 2386–2393.
    • (2012) Energy Fuels , vol.26 , pp. 2386-2393
    • Medic, D.1    Darr, M.2    Shah, A.3    Rahn, S.4
  • 15
    • 84864806915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-firing based on biomass torrefaction in a pulverized coal boiler with aim of 100% fuel switching
    • [15] Li, J., Brzdekiewicz, A., Yang, W., Blasiak, W., Co-firing based on biomass torrefaction in a pulverized coal boiler with aim of 100% fuel switching. Appl Energy 99 (2012), 344–354.
    • (2012) Appl Energy , vol.99 , pp. 344-354
    • Li, J.1    Brzdekiewicz, A.2    Yang, W.3    Blasiak, W.4
  • 17
    • 67749123966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of torrefaction on syngas production from wood
    • [17] Couhert, C., Salvador, S., Commandre, J.M., Impact of torrefaction on syngas production from wood. Fuel 88 (2009), 2286–2290.
    • (2009) Fuel , vol.88 , pp. 2286-2290
    • Couhert, C.1    Salvador, S.2    Commandre, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 84899847286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification
    • [18] Sarkar, M., Kumar, A., Tumuluru, J.S., Patil, K.N., Bellmer, D.D., Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification. Appl Energy 127 (2014), 194–201.
    • (2014) Appl Energy , vol.127 , pp. 194-201
    • Sarkar, M.1    Kumar, A.2    Tumuluru, J.S.3    Patil, K.N.4    Bellmer, D.D.5
  • 20
    • 60749127909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
    • [20] Kaliyan, N., Vance, Morey R., Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass Bioenergy 33 (2009), 337–359.
    • (2009) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.33 , pp. 337-359
    • Kaliyan, N.1    Vance, M.R.2
  • 21
    • 84862703813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of particle size effect on biomass torrefaction and densification
    • [21] Peng, J.H., Bi, H.T., Sokhansanj, S., Lim, J.C., A study of particle size effect on biomass torrefaction and densification. Energy Fuels 26 (2012), 3826–3839.
    • (2012) Energy Fuels , vol.26 , pp. 3826-3839
    • Peng, J.H.1    Bi, H.T.2    Sokhansanj, S.3    Lim, J.C.4
  • 22
    • 26444489050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raw material moisture content, densification pressure and temperature on some properties of Norway spruce pellets
    • [22] Rhén, C., Gref, R., Sjöström, M., Wästerlund, I., Effects of raw material moisture content, densification pressure and temperature on some properties of Norway spruce pellets. Fuel Process Technol 87 (2005), 11–16.
    • (2005) Fuel Process Technol , vol.87 , pp. 11-16
    • Rhén, C.1    Gref, R.2    Sjöström, M.3    Wästerlund, I.4
  • 24
    • 84941922518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cassava stem powder as an additive in biomass fuel pellet production
    • [24] Larsson, S., Lockneus, O., Xiong, S., Samuelsson, R., Cassava stem powder as an additive in biomass fuel pellet production. Energy Fuels 29 (2015), 5902–5908.
    • (2015) Energy Fuels , vol.29 , pp. 5902-5908
    • Larsson, S.1    Lockneus, O.2    Xiong, S.3    Samuelsson, R.4
  • 26
    • 79960162248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of European standards for pellet quality
    • [26] García-Maraver, A., Popov, V., Zamorano, M., A review of European standards for pellet quality. Renewable Energy 36 (2011), 3537–3540.
    • (2011) Renewable Energy , vol.36 , pp. 3537-3540
    • García-Maraver, A.1    Popov, V.2    Zamorano, M.3
  • 29
    • 0000648401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components
    • [29] Raveendran, K., Ganesh, A., Khilar, K.C., Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components. Fuel 75 (1996), 987–998.
    • (1996) Fuel , vol.75 , pp. 987-998
    • Raveendran, K.1    Ganesh, A.2    Khilar, K.C.3
  • 30
    • 84894025045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the chemical and structural transformations of lignin macromolecule during torrefaction
    • [30] Wen, J.L., Sun, S.L., Yuan, T.Q., Xu, F., Sun, R.C., Understanding the chemical and structural transformations of lignin macromolecule during torrefaction. Appl Energy 121 (2014), 1–9.
    • (2014) Appl Energy , vol.121 , pp. 1-9
    • Wen, J.L.1    Sun, S.L.2    Yuan, T.Q.3    Xu, F.4    Sun, R.C.5
  • 33
    • 84857992875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelletization of torrefied sawdust and properties of torrefied pellets
    • [33] Li, H., Liu, X., Legros, R., Bi, X.T., Jim Lim, C., Sokhansanj, S., Pelletization of torrefied sawdust and properties of torrefied pellets. Appl Energy 93 (2012), 680–685.
    • (2012) Appl Energy , vol.93 , pp. 680-685
    • Li, H.1    Liu, X.2    Legros, R.3    Bi, X.T.4    Jim Lim, C.5    Sokhansanj, S.6
  • 34
    • 84856427344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additives in wood pellet production–a pilot-scale study of binding agent usage
    • [34] Kuokkanen, M.J., Vilppo, T., Kuokkanen, T., Stoor, T., Niinimäki, J., Additives in wood pellet production–a pilot-scale study of binding agent usage. BioResources 6 (2011), 4331–4355.
    • (2011) BioResources , vol.6 , pp. 4331-4355
    • Kuokkanen, M.J.1    Vilppo, T.2    Kuokkanen, T.3    Stoor, T.4    Niinimäki, J.5
  • 37
    • 84874113716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of lignocellulosic biomass during torrefaction
    • [37] Park, J., Meng, J.J., Lim, K.H., Rojas, O.J., Park, S., Transformation of lignocellulosic biomass during torrefaction. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 100 (2013), 199–206.
    • (2013) J Anal Appl Pyrolysis , vol.100 , pp. 199-206
    • Park, J.1    Meng, J.J.2    Lim, K.H.3    Rojas, O.J.4    Park, S.5
  • 38
    • 84874184985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass
    • University of Georgia Athens GA
    • [38] Phanphanich, M., Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass. 2010, University of Georgia Athens, GA.
    • (2010)
    • Phanphanich, M.1
  • 39
    • 84877866987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrefaction of oil palm mesocarp fiber and their effect on pelletizing
    • [39] Na, B.I., Kim, Y.H., Lim, W.S., Lee, S.M., Lee, H.W., Lee, J.W., Torrefaction of oil palm mesocarp fiber and their effect on pelletizing. Biomass Bioenergy 52 (2013), 159–165.
    • (2013) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.52 , pp. 159-165
    • Na, B.I.1    Kim, Y.H.2    Lim, W.S.3    Lee, S.M.4    Lee, H.W.5    Lee, J.W.6
  • 40
    • 84879059041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrefaction and densification of different species of softwood residues
    • [40] Peng, J.H., Bi, X.T., Sokhansanj, S., Lim, C.J., Torrefaction and densification of different species of softwood residues. Fuel 111 (2013), 411–421.
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.111 , pp. 411-421
    • Peng, J.H.1    Bi, X.T.2    Sokhansanj, S.3    Lim, C.J.4
  • 41
    • 84899003797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrefaction influence on pelletability and pellet quality of Norwegian forest residues
    • [41] Misljenovic, N., Bach, Q.V., Tran, K.Q., Salas-Bringas, C., Skreiberg, O., Torrefaction influence on pelletability and pellet quality of Norwegian forest residues. Energy Fuels 28 (2014), 2554–2561.
    • (2014) Energy Fuels , vol.28 , pp. 2554-2561
    • Misljenovic, N.1    Bach, Q.V.2    Tran, K.Q.3    Salas-Bringas, C.4    Skreiberg, O.5
  • 42
    • 84896736188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lab and bench-scale pelletization of torrefied wood chips-process optimization and pellet quality
    • [42] Shang, L., Nielsen, N.P.K., Stelte, W., Dahl, J., Ahrenfeldt, J., Holm, J.K., et al. Lab and bench-scale pelletization of torrefied wood chips-process optimization and pellet quality. BioEnergy Res 7 (2014), 87–94.
    • (2014) BioEnergy Res , vol.7 , pp. 87-94
    • Shang, L.1    Nielsen, N.P.K.2    Stelte, W.3    Dahl, J.4    Ahrenfeldt, J.5    Holm, J.K.6
  • 43
    • 84960189465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects of torrefaction to optimize bioenergy value chains
    • [43] Kiel J. Prospects of torrefaction to optimize bioenergy value chains. In: Proceedings of the energy delta convention; 2011.
    • (2011) Proceedings of the energy delta convention
    • Kiel, J.1
  • 44
    • 79961128872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review
    • [44] van der Stelt, M.J.C., Gerhauser, H., Kiel, J.H.A., Ptasinski, K.J., Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review. Biomass Bioenergy 35 (2011), 3748–3762.
    • (2011) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.35 , pp. 3748-3762
    • van der Stelt, M.J.C.1    Gerhauser, H.2    Kiel, J.H.A.3    Ptasinski, K.J.4
  • 45
    • 84869875545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrefied, spherical biomass pellets through the use of experimental design
    • [45] Duncan, A., Pollard, A., Fellouah, H., Torrefied, spherical biomass pellets through the use of experimental design. Appl Energy 101 (2013), 237–243.
    • (2013) Appl Energy , vol.101 , pp. 237-243
    • Duncan, A.1    Pollard, A.2    Fellouah, H.3
  • 46
    • 84910061481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ torrefaction and spherical pelletization of partially pre-torrefied hybrid poplar
    • [46] Nicksy, D., Pollard, A., Strong, D., Hendry, J., In-situ torrefaction and spherical pelletization of partially pre-torrefied hybrid poplar. Biomass Bioenergy 70 (2014), 452–460.
    • (2014) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.70 , pp. 452-460
    • Nicksy, D.1    Pollard, A.2    Strong, D.3    Hendry, J.4
  • 49
    • 84919905491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process optimization of combined biomass torrefaction and pelletization for fuel pellet production – a parametric study
    • [49] Rudolfsson, M., Stelte, W., Lestander, T.A., Process optimization of combined biomass torrefaction and pelletization for fuel pellet production – a parametric study. Appl Energy 140 (2015), 378–384.
    • (2015) Appl Energy , vol.140 , pp. 378-384
    • Rudolfsson, M.1    Stelte, W.2    Lestander, T.A.3
  • 50
    • 84870753624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of moisture content, torrefaction temperature, and die temperature in pilot scale pelletizing of torrefied Norway spruce
    • [50] Larsson, S.H., Rudolfsson, M., Nordwaeger, M., Olofsson, I., Samuelsson, R., Effects of moisture content, torrefaction temperature, and die temperature in pilot scale pelletizing of torrefied Norway spruce. Appl Energy 102 (2013), 827–832.
    • (2013) Appl Energy , vol.102 , pp. 827-832
    • Larsson, S.H.1    Rudolfsson, M.2    Nordwaeger, M.3    Olofsson, I.4    Samuelsson, R.5
  • 51
    • 84980375983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From torrefaction to gasification: Pilot scale studies for upgrading of biomass
    • Umeå universitet Umeå
    • [51] Strandberg, M., From torrefaction to gasification: Pilot scale studies for upgrading of biomass. 2015, Umeå universitet, Umeå.
    • (2015)
    • Strandberg, M.1
  • 53
    • 0001105570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterising semi-cohesive powders using angle of repose
    • [53] Wouters, I.M.F., Geldart, D., Characterising semi-cohesive powders using angle of repose. Part Part Syst Charact 13 (1996), 254–259.
    • (1996) Part Part Syst Charact , vol.13 , pp. 254-259
    • Wouters, I.M.F.1    Geldart, D.2
  • 54
    • 84859419315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate curve resolution provides a high-throughput data processing pipeline for pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • [54] Gerber, L., Eliasson, M., Trygg, J., Moritz, T., Sundberg, B., Multivariate curve resolution provides a high-throughput data processing pipeline for pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 95 (2012), 95–100.
    • (2012) J Anal Appl Pyrolysis , vol.95 , pp. 95-100
    • Gerber, L.1    Eliasson, M.2    Trygg, J.3    Moritz, T.4    Sundberg, B.5
  • 55
    • 84899510979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimentally determined storage and handling properties of fuel pellets made from torrefied whole-tree pine chips, logging residues and beech stem wood
    • [55] Jarvinen, T., Agar, D., Experimentally determined storage and handling properties of fuel pellets made from torrefied whole-tree pine chips, logging residues and beech stem wood. Fuel 129 (2014), 330–339.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.129 , pp. 330-339
    • Jarvinen, T.1    Agar, D.2
  • 57
    • 84906315973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of functional groups and pore structure during cotton and corn stalks torrefaction and its correlation with hydrophobicity
    • [57] Chen, Y.Q., Liu, B., Yang, H.P., Yang, Q., Chen, H.P., Evolution of functional groups and pore structure during cotton and corn stalks torrefaction and its correlation with hydrophobicity. Fuel 137 (2014), 41–49.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.137 , pp. 41-49
    • Chen, Y.Q.1    Liu, B.2    Yang, H.P.3    Yang, Q.4    Chen, H.P.5
  • 58
    • 84942373526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorption behaviour of torrefied wood and charcoal determined by dynamic vapour sorption
    • [58] Kymäläinen, M., Rautkari, L., Hill, C.A.S., Sorption behaviour of torrefied wood and charcoal determined by dynamic vapour sorption. J Mater Sci 50 (2015), 7673–7680.
    • (2015) J Mater Sci , vol.50 , pp. 7673-7680
    • Kymäläinen, M.1    Rautkari, L.2    Hill, C.A.S.3
  • 59
    • 44849093850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water absorption thermodynamics in single wood pellets modelled by multivariate near-infrared spectroscopy
    • [59] Lestander, T.A., Water absorption thermodynamics in single wood pellets modelled by multivariate near-infrared spectroscopy. Holzforschung 62 (2008), 429–434.
    • (2008) Holzforschung , vol.62 , pp. 429-434
    • Lestander, T.A.1
  • 60
    • 84939996008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powder characteristics of torrefied and pelletized biomass
    • [60] Strandberg M, Kolberg, Krsitoffer, Nordin, Anders. Powder characteristics of torrefied and pelletized biomass. Impact of fuel quality on power production. Snowbird, Utah, USA: October 26–31, 2014; 2014.
    • (2014) Impact of fuel quality on power production , pp. 26-31
    • Strandberg, M.1
  • 61
    • 70349446592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis pretreatment of biomass for entrained-flow gasification
    • [61] Xiao, R., Chen, X., Wang, F., Yu, G., Pyrolysis pretreatment of biomass for entrained-flow gasification. Appl Energy 87 (2010), 149–155.
    • (2010) Appl Energy , vol.87 , pp. 149-155
    • Xiao, R.1    Chen, X.2    Wang, F.3    Yu, G.4
  • 62
    • 84923367213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass flow and variability in screw feeding of biomass powders—relations to particle and bulk properties
    • [62] Falk, J., Berry, R.J., Broström, M., Larsson, S.H., Mass flow and variability in screw feeding of biomass powders—relations to particle and bulk properties. Powder Technol 276 (2015), 80–88.
    • (2015) Powder Technol , vol.276 , pp. 80-88
    • Falk, J.1    Berry, R.J.2    Broström, M.3    Larsson, S.H.4
  • 63
    • 84878229717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelletizing properties of torrefied wheat straw (Reprinted from BIOMASS & BIOENERGY, vol 49, pg 214, 2013)
    • [63] Stelte, W., Nielsen, N.P.K., Hansen, H.O., Dahl, J., Shang, L., Sanadi, A.R., Pelletizing properties of torrefied wheat straw (Reprinted from BIOMASS & BIOENERGY, vol 49, pg 214, 2013). Biomass Bioenergy 53 (2013), 105–112.
    • (2013) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.53 , pp. 105-112
    • Stelte, W.1    Nielsen, N.P.K.2    Hansen, H.O.3    Dahl, J.4    Shang, L.5    Sanadi, A.R.6
  • 64
    • 84869458977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of products from torrefaction of sprucewood and bagasse in an auger reactor
    • [64] Chang, S., Zhao, Z.L., Zheng, A.Q., He, F., Huang, Z., Li, H.B., Characterization of products from torrefaction of sprucewood and bagasse in an auger reactor. Energy Fuels 26 (2012), 7009–7017.
    • (2012) Energy Fuels , vol.26 , pp. 7009-7017
    • Chang, S.1    Zhao, Z.L.2    Zheng, A.Q.3    He, F.4    Huang, Z.5    Li, H.B.6
  • 65
    • 84949115978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of torrefaction on the pyrolysis behavior and bio-oil properties of rice husk by using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS
    • [65] Chen, D.Y., Zhou, J.B., Zhang, Q.S., Effects of torrefaction on the pyrolysis behavior and bio-oil properties of rice husk by using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Energy Fuels 28 (2014), 5857–5863.
    • (2014) Energy Fuels , vol.28 , pp. 5857-5863
    • Chen, D.Y.1    Zhou, J.B.2    Zhang, Q.S.3
  • 66
    • 84911880741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIR provides excellent predictions of properties of biocoal from torrefaction and pyrolysis of biomass
    • [66] Lestander, T.A., Rudolfsson, M., Pommer, L., Nordin, A., NIR provides excellent predictions of properties of biocoal from torrefaction and pyrolysis of biomass. Green Chem 16 (2014), 4906–4913.
    • (2014) Green Chem , vol.16 , pp. 4906-4913
    • Lestander, T.A.1    Rudolfsson, M.2    Pommer, L.3    Nordin, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.