Relation Between Adolescent Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Echogenicity in Healthy Young Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults (ARYA) Study

Journal of the American Heart Association

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2016, Pages

  Eikendal, Anouk L M ^a   Groenewegen, Karlijn A ^a   Bots, Michiel L ^a   Peters, Sanne A E ^a,b   Uiterwaal, Cuno S P M ^a   den Ruijter, Hester M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Risk factor; Vascular biology; Vascular remodeling; Young adult

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DISEASE; ADULT; ADULTHOOD; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTICLE; B SCAN; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PUBERTY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; YOUNG ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAROTID ARTERY; CHILD; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; NETHERLANDS; NORMAL HUMAN; OBESITY; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; VASCULAR REMODELING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAROTID ARTERIES; CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CHILD; FEMALE; HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; NETHERLANDS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PUBERTY; RISK FACTORS; VASCULAR REMODELING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85011744606     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20479980     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002941     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA III, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De Leon FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2095-2128.
2. Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in youth. Findings from the PDAY Study. Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth (PDAY) research group. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:1291-1298.
3. Urbina EM, Williams RV, Alpert BS, Collins RT, Daniels SR, Hayman L, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, Mietus-Snyder M, Rocchini A, Steinberger J, McCrindle B. Noninvasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment for clinical research: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2009;54:919-950.
4. Jung M, Parrinello CM, Xue X, Mack WJ, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Selzer RH, Shircore AM, Plankey M, Tien P, Cohen M, Gange SJ, Hodis HN, Kaplan RC. Echolucency of the carotid artery intima-media complex and intima-media thickness have different cardiovascular risk factor relationships: the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4:e001405 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001405.
5. Peters SA, Lind L, Palmer MK, Grobbee DE, Crouse JR III, O'Leary DH, Evans GW, Raichlen J, Bots ML, den Ruijter HM. Increased age, high body mass index and low HDL-C levels are related to an echolucent carotid intima-media: the METEOR study. J Intern Med. 2012;272:257-266.
6. Wohlin M, Sundstrom J, Andren B, Larsson A, Lind L. An echolucent carotid artery intima-media complex is a new and independent predictor of mortality in an elderly male cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205:486-491.
7. Lind L, Peters SA, den Ruijter HM, Palmer MK, Grobbee DE, Crouse JR III, O'Leary DH, Evans GW, Raichlen JS, Bots ML. Effect of rosuvastatin on the echolucency of the common carotid intima-media in low-risk individuals: the METEOR trial. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25:1120-1127.e1121.
8. Gronholdt ML, Wiebe BM, Laursen H, Nielsen TG, Schroeder TV, Sillesen H. Lipid-rich carotid artery plaques appear echolucent on ultrasound B-mode images and may be associated with intraplaque haemorrhage. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:439-445.
9. Goncalves I, Lindholm MW, Pedro LM, Dias N, Fernandes E, Fernandes J, Fredrikson GN, Nilsson J, Moses J, Ares MP. Elastin and calcium rather than collagen or lipid content are associated with echogenicity of human carotid plaques. Stroke. 2004;35:2795-2800.
10. Gronholdt ML, Nordestgaard BG, Schroeder TV, Vorstrup S, Sillesen H. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Circulation. 2001;104:68-73.
11. Lind L, Andersson J, Ronn M, Gustavsson T. The echogenecity of the intima-media complex in the common carotid artery is closely related to the echogenecity in plaques. Atherosclerosis. 2007;195:411-414.
12. Andersson J, Sundstrom J, Gustavsson T, Hulthe J, Elmgren A, Zilmer K, Zilmer M, Lind L. Echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex is related to cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Atherosclerosis. 2009;204:612-618.
13. Oren A, Vos LE, Uiterwaal CS, Gorissen WH, Grobbee DE, Bots ML. Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima-media thickness at 28 years of age: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:1383-1390.
14. Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight prevalence among youth in the United States: why so many different numbers? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(suppl 2):S22-S27.
15. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499-502.
16. Liang Q, Wendelhag I, Wikstrand J, Gustavsson T. A multiscale dynamic programming procedure for boundary detection in ultrasonic artery images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2000;19:127-142.
17. De Blois J, Stranden E, Jogestrand T, Henareh L, Agewall S. Echogenicity of the carotid intima-media complex and cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2012;32:400-403.
18. Andersson J, Sundstrom J, Kurland L, Gustavsson T, Hulthe J, Elmgren A, Zilmer K, Zilmer M, Lind L. The carotid artery plaque size and echogenicity are related to different cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Lipids. 2009;44:397-403.
19. Peters SA, Bots ML, Lind L, Groenewegen KA, de Korte C, den Ruijter HM. The impact of variability in ultrasound settings on the measured echolucency of the carotid intima-media. J Hypertens. 2013;31:1861-1867.