Ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges: Chemical and physical controls on pH, redox and carbon reduction reactions

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 148, Issue , 2004, Pages 267-284

  Seyfried, W E ^a   Foustoukos, D I ^a   Allen, D E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85011656678     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/148GM11     Document Type: Chapter

References (87)

1. Agrinier, P., and M. Cannat, Oxygen-isotope constraints on serpentinization processes in ultramafic rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (23° N), in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, pp. 381-388, 1997.
2. 2O-HCl system at 400°C and 500 bars: Implications for pH and compositional controls on vent fluids from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at midocean ridges, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, 1531-1542, 2003a.
3. Allen, D. E., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr, REE controls in MOR hydrothermal systems: An experimental study at elevated temperature and pressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2003b (submitted).
4. Allen, D. E., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr., Serpentinization and Heat Generation: Constraints from Lost City and Rainbow Hydrothermal Systems, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, (in-press), 2003c.
5. Alt, J. C, and W. C. Shanks, III, Sulfur in serpentinized oceanic peridotites; serpentinization processes and microbial sulfate reduction, Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 103 (5), 9917-9929, 1998.
6. Alt, J. C, and W. C. Shanks, III, Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, 641-653,2003
7. Bach, W., N. R. Banerjee, H. J. B. Dick, and E. T. Baker, Discovery of ancient and aptive hydrothermal systems along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge 10 degrees-16 degrees E, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 3, 31, 2002.
8. 2 during serpentinization of olivine at 300°C and 500 bar, Geology, 24 (4), 351-354, 1996.
9. 2O solutions; a PVTX summary from 300° to 500°C, American Journal of Science, 291 (4), 309-338, 1991.
10. 20: Summary of the P-T-X surface from 300°C to 500°C, American Journal of Science, 289, 217-248, 1989.
11. Bischoff, J. L., and R. J. Rosenbauer, Phase separation in seafloor geothermal systems: an experimental study on the effects of metal transport, American Journal of Science, 287, 953-978, 1987.
12. 3He signals along the rift valley walls and rift offsets, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 161 (1-4), 1-17, 1998.
13. Bougault, H., J. L. Charlou, Y. Fouquet, H. D. Needham, N. Vaslet, P. Appriou, P. J. Baptiste, P. A. Rona, L. Dmitriev, and S. Silantiev, Fast and slow spreading ridges: structure and hydrothermal activity, ultramafic topographic highs, and methane output, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98 (B6), 9643-51, 1993.
14. Bowers, T. S., A. C. Campbell, C. I. Measures, A. J. Spivack, M. Khadem, and J. M. Edmond, Chemical controls on the composition of vent fluids at 13°-11°N and 21° N, East Pacific Rise, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93 (5), 4522-4536, 1988.
15. Butterfield, D. A., and G. J. Massoth, Geochemistry of North Cleft Segment vent fluids-Temporal changes in chlorinity and their possible relation to recent volcanism, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (B3), 4951-4968, 1994.
16. Butterfield, D. A., R. E. McDuff, M. J. Mottl, M. D. Lilley, J. E. Lupton, and G. J. Massoth, Gradients in the composition of hydrothermal fluids from the Endeavor segment vent field: phase separation and brine loss, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 9561-9583, 1994.
17. Campbell, A. C, T. S. Bowers, and J. M. Edmond, A time-series of vent fluid compositions from 2FN, EPR (1979, 1981, and 1985) and the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (1982, 1985), Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 4537-4549, 1988a.
18. Campbell, A. C, M. R. Palmer, G. P. Klinkhammer, T. S. Bowers, J.M. Edmond, J. R. Lawrence, J. F. Casey, G. Thompson, S. Humphris, P. Rona, and J. A. Karson, Chemistry of hot springs on the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, Nature, 335, 514-519, 1988b.
19. Cannat, M., Emplacement of mantle rocks in the seafloor at midocean ridges, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 4163-4172, 1993.
20. Cannat, M., D. Bideau, and H. Bougault, Serpentinized peridotites and gabbros in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axial valley at 15°37'N and 16°52'N, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 109 (1-2), 87-106, 1992.
21. Cannat, M., and M. Seyler, Transform tectonics, metamorphic plagioclase and amphibolitization in ultramafic rocks of the Vema transform fault (Atlantic Ocean), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 133 (3-4), 283-98, 1995.
22. Cave, R. R., C. German, J. Thonpson, and R. W. Nesbitt, Fluxes to sediments underlying the Rainbow hydrothermal plume at 36° 14'N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 1905-1923,2002.
23. Charlou, J. L., L. Dmitriev, H. Bougault, and H. D. Needham, Hydrothermal methane between 12°N and 15°N over the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, Deep-Sea Research, 35 (1A), 121-31, 1988.
24. Charlou, J. L., J. P. Donval, E. Douville, J. Knoery, Y. Fouquet, H. Bougault, P. Jean-Baptiste, M. Stievenard, C. R. German, and Anonymous, High methane flux between 15° N and the Azores triple junction, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; hydrothermal and serpentinization processes., Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 78 (46, Suppl), 831, 1997.
25. 2 and CH4 vent fluids issuing from ultramafic rocks at the Rainbow hydrothermal field (36° 14' N, MAR), Chemical Geology, 191 (4), 345-359, 2002.
26. Charlou, J. L., J. P. Donval, P. Jean-Baptiste, R. Mills, P. Rona, D. Von Herzen, and Anonymous, Methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium isotopes in vent fluids from TAG hydrothermal field, 26° N-MAR, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74 (43, Suppl.), 99, 1993.
27. 4 plumes generated by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks at the intersection of the 15° 20' N fracture zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62 (13), 2323-2333, 1998.
28. Charlou, J. L., Y Fouquet, J.-P. Donval, J.-M. Auzende, P. Jean-Baptiste, M. Stievenard, and S. Michel, Mineral and gas chemistry of hydrothermal fluids on an ultrafast spreading ridge; East Pacific Rise, 17° to 19° S (Naudur cruise, 1993) phase separation processes controlled by volcanic and tectonic activity, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101 (7), 15,899-15,919, 1996.
29. Ding, K., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr., Determination of Fe-Cl complexing in the low pressure supercritical region (NaCl fluid) - Iron solubility constraints on pH of subseafloor hydrothermal fluids, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56 (10), 3681-3692, 1992.
30. 4 content in hydrothermal fluids from Rainbow site newly sampled at 36° 14' N on the AMAR segment, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (diving FLORES cruise, July 1997); comparison with other MAR sites, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 78 (46, Suppl.), 832, 1997.
31. Douville, E., J. L. Charlou, E. H. Oelkers, P. Bienvenu, C. F. Jove Colon, J. P. Donval, Y Fouquet, D. Prieur, and P. Appriou, The Rainbow vent fluids (36° 14'N, MAR): the influence of ultramafic rocks and phase separation on trace metal content in Mid- Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal fluids, Chemical Geology, 184, 37-48, 2002.
32. Evans, W. C, L. D. White, and J. B. Rapp, Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15,305-15,313, 1988.
33. Fouquet, Y, K. Henry, G. Bayon, P. Cambon, F. J. A. S. Barriga, I. Costa, H. Ondreas, L.M. Parson, A. Ribeiro, and J. M. R. S. Relvas, The Rainbow hydrothermal field: geologic setting, mineralogical and chemical composition of sulfide deposits, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in-press, 2003.
34. Fournier, R. O., Conceptual models for brine evolution in magmatichydrothermal systems, edited by R. W. Decker, T. L. Wright, and PH. Stauffer, pp. 45, US. Geological Survey, 1986.
35. Foustoukos, D., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr. (2002), Abiotic methane production in subseafloor hydrothermal systems: pH and compositional effects on rates of carbon reduction at elevated temperatures and pressures, in Thermal Regime of Ocean Ridges and Dynamics of Hydrothermal Circulation, InterRidge Theoretical Institute, Pavia, Italy.
36. Foustoukos, D., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr. (2004), Redox and pH constraints in the TAG hydrothermal system: 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth Planet Sci. Lett, (submitted).
37. Frost, B. R., On the stability of sulfides, oxides and native metals in serpentinites, Journal of Petrology, 26, 31-63, 1985.
38. Fu, Q., J. Horita, and W. E. Seyfried, Jr., Isotopic fractionation in magnetite-catalyzed hydrothermal carbon dioxide reduction processes, Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 83, P71C-0473,2002.
39. Fu, Q., and W. E. Seyfreid, Jr., Hydrothermal reduction of carbon dioxide using magnetite, Eleventh Annual VM. Goldschmidt Conference, LPI Contribution No. 1088, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston., 2001.
40. German, C, and J. Lin, The thermal structure of the oceanic crust, ridge spreading and hydrothermal circulation: How do we understand their inter-connections, in The Thermal Structure of the Oceanic Crust and The Dynamics of Hydrothermal Circulation, edited by J. L. C. R. German, and L. M. Parson, American Geophysical Union, 2003 (this volume).
41. Hartmann, G., and K. H. Wedepohl, The compostion of peridotite tectonites from the Ivrea Complex, northern Italy: Residues from melt extraction, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 1761-1782, 1993.
42. Holm, N. G, and J. L. Charlou, Initial indications of abiotic formation of hydrocarbons in the Rainbow ultramafic hydrothermal system, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 191, 1-8, 2001.
43. Horita, J., and M. E. Berndt, Abiogenic methane formation and isotopic fractionation under hydrothermal conditions, Science, 285 (5430), 1055-1057, 1999.
44. Humphris, S., and J. R. Cann, Constraints on the energy and chemical balances of the modern TAG and ancient Cyprus seafloor sulfide deposits, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 28,477-28,488, 2000.
45. Janecky, D. R., and W. E. Seyfried, Jr., Hydrothermal serpentinization of peridotite within the oceanic crust: Experimental investigations of mineralogy and major element chemistry, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 1357-1378, 1986.
46. Johnson, J. W., E. H. Oelkers, and H. C. Helgeson, SUPCRT92 - A software package for calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species, and reactions from 1-bar to 5000-bar and 0°C to 1000°C, Computers and Geosciences, 18 (7), 899-947, 1992.
47. Kelley, D. S., Methane-rich fluids in the oceanic crust, Journal of Geophyical Research, 101 (B2), 2943-2962, 1996.
48. Kelley, D. S., J. R. Delaney, M. D. Lilley, D. A. Butterfield, and Anonymous, Unusual sulfide structures and venting style in the newly discovered Mothra hydrothermal field, Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 78 (46, Suppl), 773, 1997.
49. Kelley, D. S., J. A. Karson, D. K. Blackman, G. L. Fruh-Green, D. A. Butterfield, M. D. Lilley, E. J. Olson, M. O. Schrenk, K. K. Roe, G. T. Lebon, and P. Rivizzigno, An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30° N, Nature, 412 (6843), 145-149, 2001.
50. Lilley, M. D, D. A. Butterfield, E. J. Olson, J. E. Lupton, S. A. Macko, and R. E. McDuff, Anomolous CH4 and NH4 concentrations at an unsedimented mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal system, Nature, 364, 45-47, 1993.
51. 2O in submarine hydrothermal vent waters, Nature, 300, 48-50, 1982.
52. Lilley, M. D., J. R. Delaney, R. E. McDuff, E. J. Olson, E. A. McLaughlin, J. E. Lupton, D. A. Butterfield, and Anonymous, Volatile chemistry at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 73 (43, Suppl.), 253,1992.
53. Lorand J. P. (1991) Sulphide petrology and suphur geochemistry of orogenic lherzolites: A comparative study of the Pyrenean bodies (France) and the Lanzo Massif (Italy). In Orogenic Lherzolites and Mantle Processes (eds. M. A. Menzies, et al.), pp. 77-95. Oxford University Press, London.
54. Lowell, R. P., and P. Rona, Seafloor hydrothermal systems driven by the serpentinization of peridotite, Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (11), 26-1-26-3, 2002.
55. Macdonald, A. H., and W. S. Fyfe, Rates of serpentinization, Tectonophysics, 116, 123-135, 1985.
56. MacLean, W. H., Sulfides in Leg 37 drill core from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 674-683, 1977.
57. Madon, R. J., and W. F. Taylor, Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on a precipitated iron catalyst, Journal of Catalysis, 69, 32-43, 1981.
58. Martin, B., and W. S. Fyfe, Some experimental and theoretical observations on the kinetics of hydration reactions with particular reference to serpentinization, Chemical Geology, 6, 185-202, 1970.
59. 2 to hydrocarbons during serpentinization of olivine, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 3769-3778, 2001.
60. Merlivat, L., F. Pineau, and M. Javoy, Hydrothermal vent waters at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise; isotopic composition and gas concentration, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 84 (1), 100-108, 1987.
61. Michard, G, Behavior of major elements and some trace elements (Li, Rb, Cs, Sr, Fe, Mn, W, F) in deep hot water from grantitic areas, Chemical Geology, 89, 117-134, 1990.
62. Mottl, M. J., Metabasalts, axial hot springs, and the structure of hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 94 (2), 161-80, 1983.
63. Oosting, S. E., and K. L. Von Damm, Bromide/chloride fractionation in seafloor hydrothermal fluids from 9-10° N East Pacific Rise, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144 (1-2), 133-145, 1996.
64. Palmer, M. R., Controls over the chloride concentration of submarine hydrothermal vent fluids: evidence from Sr/Ca and Sr8 7/Sr8 6 ratios, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 109, 31-41, 1992.
65. Rona, P. A., H. Bougault, J.L. Charlou, P. Appriou, T. A. Nelsen, J. H. Trefry, G. L. Eberhart, A. Barone, and H. D. Needham, Hydrothermal circulation, serpentinization, and degassing at a rift valley fracture zone intersection - Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 15° N, 45° W, Geology, 20 (9), 783-786, 1992.
66. Salvi, S., and A. E. Williams-Jones, The role of hydrothermal processes in concentrating high-field strength elements in the Strange Lake peralkaline complex, northeastern Canada, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1917-1932, 1996.
67. Schultz, H., Short history and present trends of Fischer Tropsch synthesis, Applied Catalysis, 186, 3-12, 1999.
68. - bearing aqueous fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures: An experimental study with application to subseafloor hydrothermal systems, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 1905-1917, 1993.
69. Seyfried, W. E., Jr., and K. Ding, Phase equilibria in subseafloor hydrothermal systems: A review of the role of redox, temperature, pH and dissolved CI on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges, in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biologic and Geological Interactions, edited by S.E. Humphris, R.A. Zierenberg, L.S. Mullineaux, and R.E. Thompson, pp. 248-273, American Geophysical Union, 1995.
70. Sherwood Lollar, B., T. D. Westgate, J. A. Ward, G. F. Slater, and G. Lacrampe-Couloume, Abiogenic formation of alkanes in the Earth's crust as a minor source for global hydrocarbon reservoirs, Nature, 416, 522-524, 2002.
71. Sugisaki, R., and K. Mimura, Mantle Hydrocarbons-Abiotic or Biotic?, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58 (11), 2527-2542, 1994.
72. Tamaura, Y, and M. Tabata, Complete reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon using cation excess magnetite, Nature, 346, 255-346, 1990.
73. Thurnherr, A. M., and K. J. Richards, Hydrography and high-temperature heat flux of the Rainbow hydrothermal site (36 degrees 14' N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 106 (C5), 9411-9426, 2001.
74. Trefry, J. H., D. B. Butterfield, S. Metz, G. J. Massoth, R. P. Trocine, and R.A. Feely, Trace metals in hydrothermal solutions from Cleft Segment on the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (B3), 4925-4935, 1994.
75. Von Damm, K. L., A comparison of Guaymas Basin hydrothermal solutions with other sedimented systems and experimental results, in AAPG Memoir, edited by J. P. Dauphin, and B. R. T. Simoneit, pp. 743-751, 1991.
76. Von Damm, K. L., Controls on the chemistry and temporal variability of seafloor hydrothermal fluids, in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biologic and Geologic Interactions, edited by S. E. Humphris, R. A. Zierenberg, L. S. Mullineaux, and R.E. Thompson, pp. 222-248, American Geophysical Union, 1995.
77. Von Damm, K. L., Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from 9°-10° N, East Pacific Rise; "time zero," the immediate posteruptive period, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (5), 11203-11222, 2000.
78. Von Damm, K. L., and J. L. Bischoff, Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge, Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 11334-11346, 1987.
79. Von Damm, K. L., L. G. Buttermore, S. E. Oosting, A. M. Bray, D. J. Fornari, M. D. Lilley, and W. C. Shanks, III, Direct observation of the evolution of a seafloor "black smoker" from vapor to brine, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 149, 101-111, 1997.
80. Von Damm, K. L., S. E. Oosting, R. Kozlowski, L. G. Buttermore, D. Colodner, H. N. Edmonds, J. M. Edmond, and J. M. Grebmeir, Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption, Nature, 375, 47-50, 1995.
81. Welhan, J. A., and H. Craig, Methane and hydrogen in East Pacific Rise hydrothermal fluids, American Geophysical Union; 1979 fall annual meeting, 60 (46), 863, 1979.
82. Welhan, J. A., and H. Craig, Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids, in Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers, edited by P. A. Rona, K. Bostrom, L. Laubier, and K. L. Smith, Jr., pp. 391-411, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
83. Welhan, J. A., and J. E. Lupton, Light hydrocarbon gases in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal fluids: thermogenic versus abiogenic origin, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 71, 215-223, 1987.
84. Welhan, J. A., and M. Schoell, Origins of methane in hydrothermal systems, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, 71 (1-3), 183-198, 1988.
85. Wetzel, L. R., and E. L. Shock, Distinguishing ultramafic- from basalt-hosted submarine hydrothermal systems by comparing calculated vent fluid compositions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (4), 8319-8340, 2000.
86. Wolery, T. J., and S. A. Daveler, EQ6, A computer program for reaction path modeling of aqueous geochemical systems: Theoretical manual, users guide, and related documentation (version 7.0), UCRL-MA-110662 PTIV, 1-337, 1992.
87. Yu, J. H., and P. E. Savage, Decomposition of formic acid under hydrothermal conditions, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37, 2-10, 1998.