Impact of pharmacist administration of influenza vaccines on uptake in Canada

CMAJ

Volumn 189, Issue 4, 2017, Pages E146-E152

  Buchan, Sarah A ^a   Rosella, Laura C ^a,h   Finkelstein, Michael ^b   Juurlink, David ^c   Isenor, Jennifer ^d   Marra, Fawziah ^e   Patel, Anik ^f   Russell, Margaret L ^g,h   Quach, Susan ^h   Waite, Nancy ⁱ   Kwong, Jeffrey C ^a,c,h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b TORONTO PUBLIC HEALTH   (Canada)

^c INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EVALUATIVE SCIENCES   (Canada)

^d DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^h PUBLIC HEALTH ONTARIO   (Canada)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA VACCINE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CANADA; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; PHARMACIST; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; PHARMACY; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VACCINATION;

CANADA; COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVICES; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; INFLUENZA VACCINES; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; PHARMACISTS; VACCINATION;

EID: 85011628960     PISSN: 08203946     EISSN: 14882329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151027     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kwong JC, Rosella LC, Johansen H. Trends in influenza vaccination in Canada, 1996/1997 to 2005. Health Rep 2007;18:9-19.
2. Santoli JM, Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE. Barriers to immunization and missed opportunities. Pediatr Ann 1998;27:366-74.
3. Johnson DR, Nichol KL, Lipczynski K. Barriers to adult immunization. Am J Med 2008;121(7 Suppl 2):S28-35.
4. Lester RT, McGeer A, Tomlinson G, et al. Use of, effectiveness of, and attitudes regarding influenza vaccine among house staff. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:839-44.
5. Kroneman M, van Essen GA, Paget WJ. Influenza vaccination coverage and reasons to refrain among high-risk persons in four European countries. Vaccine 2006;24:622-8.
6. Pharmacists' Scope of Practice Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; 2015. Available: www.pharmacists.ca/index.cfm/pharmacy-in-canada/scope-of-practice-canada/(accessed 2015 Aug. 5).
7. Bowles S, Strang R, Wissmann E. A pilot program of community pharmacy - based influenza immunization clinics. Can Pharm J 2005;138:38.
8. Grabenstein JD, Guess HA, Hartzema AG, et al. Attitudinal factors among adult prescription recipients associated with choice of where to be vaccinated. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:279-84.
9. Marra F, Kaczorowski J, Gastonguay L, et al. Pharmacy-based Immunization in Rural Communities Strategy (PhICS): a community cluster-randomized trial. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2014;147:33-44.
10. Pharmacist administered vaccines. Washington (DC): American Pharmacists Association; 2015. Available: www.pharmacist.com/sites/default/files/PharmacistIZ Authority.pdf (accessed 2015 Aug. 5).
11. Ernst ME, Chalstrom CV, Currie JD, et al. Implementation of a community pharmacybased influenza vaccination program. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 1997; NS37: 570-80.
12. Ernst ME, Bergus GR, Sorofman BA. Patients' acceptance of traditional and nontraditional immunization providers. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 2001;41:53-9.
13. Grabenstein JD, Guess HA, Hartzema AG, et al. Effect of vaccination by community pharmacists among adult prescription recipients. Med Care 2001;39:340-8.
14. Steyer TE, Ragucci KR, Pearson WS, et al. The role of pharmacists in the delivery of influenza vaccinations. Vaccine 2004;22:1001-6.
15. Van Amburgh JA, Waite NM, Hobson EH, et al. Improved influenza vaccination rates in a rural population as a result of a pharmacist-managed immunization campaign. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:1115-22.
16. Usami T, Hashiguchi M, Kouhara T, et al. Impact of community pharmacists advocating immunization on influenza vaccination rates among the elderly. Yakugaku Zasshi 2009;129:1063-8.
17. Most Ontarians would go to their pharmacists for vaccination, survey shows. Toronto: Ontario Pharmacists Association; 2012. Available: https://www.opatoday.com/professional/news/most-ontarians-would-go-to-their-pharmacist-for-immunizations-survey-shows (accessed 2015 July 16).
18. Kau L, Sadowski CA, Hughes C. Vaccinations in older adults: focus on pneumococcal, influenza and herpes zoster infections. Can Pharm J 2011;144:132-41.
19. Canadian Community Health Survey - annual component (CCHS). Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 2014. Available: www23.statcan. gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3226 (accessed 2015 Jan. 11).
20. Canadian Community Health Survey 2007-2014. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 2016. Available: www23.statcan. gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getInstanceList&Id=238854 (accessed 2016 July 26).
21. Kwong JC, Sambell C, Johansen H, et al. The effect of universal influenza immunization on vaccination rates in Ontario. Health Rep 2006;17:31-40.
22. Kwong JC, Campitelli MA, Rosella LC. Obesity and respiratory hospitalizations during influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada: a cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:413-21.
23. Quach S, Hamid JS, Pereira JA, et al.; Public Health Agency of Canada/Canadian Institutes of Health Research Influenza Research Network Vaccine Coverage Theme Group. Influenza vaccination coverage across ethnic groups in Canada. CMAJ 2012;184:1673-81.
24. Thomas S, Wannell B. Combining cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. Health Rep 2009;20:53-8.
25. Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:702-6.
26. Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 1998;280:1690-1.
27. Penchansky R, Thomas JW. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Med Care 1981;19:127-40.
28. 2014 annual report. Toronto: Ontario College of Pharmacists; 2015. Available: www.ocpinfo.com/library/annual-reports/download/Annual%20Report%202014.pdf (accessed 2016 July 26).
29. Law MR, Dijkstra A, Douillard JA, et al. Geographic accessibility of community pharmacies in Ontario. Healthc Policy 2011;6:36-46.
30. Law MR, Heard D, Fisher J, et al. The geographic accessibility of pharmacies in Nova Scotia. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2013;146:39-46.
31. Bearden DT, Holt T. Statewide impact of pharmacist-delivered adult influenza vaccinations. Am J Prev Med 2005;29:450-2.
32. Deshpande M, Schauer J, Mott DA, et al. Parents' perceptions of pharmacists as providers of influenza vaccine to children. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2013;53:488-95.
33. Papastergiou J, Folkins C, Li W, et al. Community pharmacist-administered influenza immunization improves patient access to vaccination. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2014;147:359-65.
34. Anderson C, Thornley T. "It's easier in pharmacy": why some patients prefer to pay for flu jabs rather than use the National Health Service. BMC Health Serv Res 2014;14:35.
35. 9000 points of care: improving access to affordable healthcare. North York (ON): Canadian Organization of Chain Drug Stores; 2013. Available: 9000pointsofcare.ca/wp-content/uploads/The-Plan. pdf (accessed 2015 Jan. 12).
36. Hutchison BG. Measurement of influenza vaccination status of the elderly by mailed questionnaire: response rate, validity and cost. Can J Public Health 1989;80:271-5.
37. MacDonald R, Baken L, Nelson A, et al. Validation of self-report of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status in elderly outpatients. Am J Prev Med 1999;16:173-7.
38. Martin LM, Leff M, Calonge N, et al. Validation of self-reported chronic conditions and health services in a managed care population. Am J Prev Med 2000;18:215-8.
39. Nichol KL, Korn JE, Baum P. Estimation of outpatient risk characteristics and influenza vaccination status: validation of a self-administered questionnaire. Am J Prev Med 1991;7:199-203.
40. Johansen H, Nguyen K, Mao L, et al. Influenza vaccination. Health Rep 2004;15:33-43.
41. Polisena J, Chen Y, Manuel D. The proportion of influenza vaccination in Ontario, Canada in 2007/2008 compared with other provinces. Vaccine 2012;30:1981-5.