Multiple stressors, food system vulnerability and food insecurity in Humla, Nepal

Regional Environmental Change

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 1493-1504

  Gautam, Yograj ^a   Andersen, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Caste inequality; Climate change; Food security; Multiple stressors; Nepal

Indexed keywords

EID: 85011580076     PISSN: 14363798     EISSN: 1436378X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1110-z     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Aahuti (2004) Hindu Samajma Dalit Jatiya Muktiko Prasna. In: Chene MD, Onta P (eds) Nepalko Sandharbhama Samajsastriya Chintan. Social Science Baha, Lalitpur, pp 475–521
2. Adger WN, Kelly PM (1999) Social vulnerability to climate change and the architecture of entitlements. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 4:253–266. doi:10.1023/A:1009601904210
3. Adger WN, Paavola J, Huq S, Mace MJ (2006) Fairness in adaptation to climate change. MIT press, Cambridge
4. Agrawal A (2010) Local institutions and adaptation to climate change. In: Mearns R, Norton A (eds) Social dimensions of climate change: equity and vulnerability in a warming world. World Bank, Washington DC, pp 173–198
5. Armitage D, Béné C, Charles AT, Johnson D, Allison EH (2012) The interplay of well-being and resilience in applying a social-ecological perspective. Ecol Soc 17(4):15. doi:10.5751/ES-04940-170415
6. Barrett C (2010) Measuring food insecurity. Science 327:825–828. doi:10.1126/science.1182768
7. Bebbington A (2004) Livelihood transitions, place transformations: grounding globalization and modernity. In: Gwynne RN, Kay C (eds) Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity. Routledge, London, New York, pp 173–192
8. Bennet L (2005) Gender, caste and ethnic exclusion in Nepal: following the policy process from analysis to action. New Frontiers of Social Policy, Arusha. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/Bennett.rev.pdf
9. Bhatt D, Maskey S, Babel MS, Uhlenbrook S, Prasad KC (2014) Climate trends and impacts on crop production in the Koshi River basin of Nepal. Reg Environ Change 14:1291–1301. doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0576-6
10. Bishop BC (1990) Karnali under stress: livelihood strategies and seasonal rhythms in a changing Nepal Himalaya. University of Chicago Geography Research Papers, Chicago
11. Brown K (2014) Global environmental change IA social turn for resilience? Prog Hum Geogr 38:107–117. doi:10.1177/0309132513498837
12. Brown K, Westaway E (2011) Agency, capacity, and resilience to environmental change: lessons from human development, well-being, and disasters. Annu Rev Environ Resour 36:321. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-052610-092905
13. Bryman A (2004) Social research methods. Oxford University Press, Oxford
14. Cameron J (2010) Focusing on the focus group. In: Hay I (ed) Qualitative research methods in human geography, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Ontario
15. Chapin FS, Kofinas GP, Folke C (2009) A framework for understanding change. In: Chapin FS, Kofinas GP, Folke C, Chapin MC (eds) Principles of ecosystem stewardship: resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world. Springer Science and Business Media, New York, pp 3–28
16. Cote M, Nightingale AJ (2012) Resilience thinking meets social theory situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research. Prog Hum Geogr 36:475–489. doi:10.1177/0309132511425708
17. Dev OP, Yadav NP, Springate-Baginski O, Soussan J (2003) Impacts of community forestry on livelihoods in the middle hills of Nepal. J For Livelihoods 3: 64–77. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/1248.pdf
18. Eakin H (2010) What is vulnerable? In: Ingram J, Ericksen P, Liverman D (eds) Food security and global environmental change. Earthscan, London, Washington, DC, pp 78–86
19. Ericksen PJ (2008) Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research. Glob Environ Change 18:234–245. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002
20. Eriksen S, Aldunce P, Bahinipati CS, Martins RD, Molefe JI, Whemachena C, O’Brien K, Olorunfeni F, Park J, Sygna L, Ulsrud K (2011) When not every response to climate change is a good one: identifying principles for sustainable adaptation. Clim Dev 3: 7–20. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/cdev.2010.0060
21. Eriksen SH, Nightingale AJ, Eakin H (2015) Reframing adaptation: the political nature of climate change adaptation. Glob Environ Change 35:523–533. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.014
22. FAO (1996) Rome declaration on world food security and world food summit plan of action. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM
23. Fekete A, Damm M, Birkmann J (2010) Scales as a challenge for vulnerability assessment. Nat Hazards 55(3):729–747. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9445-5
24. Gautam Y, Andersen P (2016) Rural livelihood diversification and household well-being: insights from Humla, Nepal. J Rural Stud 44:239–249. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.1002.1001
25. Gautam Y, Andersen P (Forthcoming) Aid or Abyss? Food Assistance Programs (FAPs), Food Security and Livelihoods in Humla, West Nepal. Food Secur
26. Gautam AP, Webb EL, Eiumnoh A (2002) GIS assessment of land use/land cover changes associated with community forestry implementation in the Middle Hills of Nepal. Mt Res Dev 22:63–69. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0063:GAOLUL]2.0.CO;2
27. Holling CS (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:1–23
28. Inderberg TH, Eriksen S, O’Brien K, Sygna L (2014) Climate change adaptation and development: transforming paradigms and practices. Routledge, New York
29. Ingram J, Ericksen P, Liverman D (eds) (2010) Food security and global environmental change. Earthscan, London, Washington, DC
30. Johnson RB, Onwuegbuzie AJ (2004) Mixed methods research: a research paradigm whose time has come. Educ Res 33:14–26
31. Jones L, Boyd E (2011) Exploring social barriers to adaptation: insights from Western Nepal. Glob Environ Change 21(4):1262–1274. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.06.002
32. Kates RW, Travis WR, Wilbanks TJ (2012) Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:7156–7161. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115521109/
33. Kc KB, Pant LP, Fraser ED, Shrestha PK, Shrestha D, Lama A (2016) Assessing links between crop diversity and food self-sufficiency in three agroecological regions of Nepal. Reg Environ Change 16:1239–1251. doi:10.1007/s10113-015-0851-9
34. Kelman I (2014) No change from climate change: vulnerability and small island developing states. Geogr J 180(2):120–129. doi:10.1111/geoj.12019
35. Kok M, Lüdeke M, Lucas P, Sterzel T, Walther C, Janssen P, de Soysa I (2016) A new method for analysing socio-ecological patterns of vulnerability. Reg Environ Change 16:229–243. doi:10.1007/s10113-014-0746-1
36. Levine NE (1987) Caste, state, and ethnic boundaries in Nepal. J Asian Stud 46(01):71–88
37. Maharjan A, Bauer S, Knerr B (2013) International migration, remittances and subsistence farming: evidence from Nepal. Int Migr 51(s1):e249–e263. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00767.x
38. Manandhar S, Vogt DS, Perret SR, Kazama F (2011) Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers’ perception and practices. Reg Environ Change 11:335–348. doi:10.1007/s10113-010-0137-1
39. Maxwell S, Slater R (2003) Food policy old and new. Dev Policy Rev 21:531–553. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2003.00222.x
40. McCubbin S, Smit B, Pearce T (2015) Where does climate fit? Vulnerability to climate change in the context of multiple stressors in Funafuti, Tuvalu. Glob Environ Change 30:43–55. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.10.007
41. McDowell JZ, Hess JJ (2012) Accessing adaptation: multiple stressors on livelihoods in the Bolivian highlands under a changing climate. Glob Environ Change 22:342–352. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.002
42. McDowell G, Ford JD, Lehner B, Berrang-Ford L, Sherpa A (2013) Climate-related hydrological change and human vulnerability in remote mountain regions: a case study from Khumbu, Nepal. Reg Environ Change 13(2):299–310. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0333-2
43. McDowell G, Stephenson E, Ford J (2014) Adaptation to climate change in glaciated mountain regions. Clim Change 126:77–91. doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1215-z
44. Miller F, Osbahr H, Boyd E, Thomalla F, Bharawani S, Ziervogel G, Walker B, Birkmann J, Vander Leeuw S, Rockström J, Hinkel J, Downing, T, Folke C, Nelson D (2010) Resilience and vulnerability: complementary or conflicting concepts? Ecol Soc 15:1–25. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss3/art11/
45. Morton JF (2007) The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104:19680–19685. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701855104
46. Moseley WG, Carney J, Becker L (2010) Neoliberal policy, rural livelihoods, and urban food security in West Africa: a comparative study of the Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:5774–5779. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905717107
47. Nagoda S (2015) New discourses but same old development approaches? Climate change adaptation policies, chronic food insecurity and development interventions in northwestern Nepal. Glob Environ Change 35:570–579. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.08.014
48. Nagoda S, Eriksen S (2014) The role of local power relations in household vulnerability to Climate Change in Humla, Nepal. In: Inderberg TH, Ericksen S, O’Brien K, Sygna L (eds) Climate Change Adaptation and Development: Transforming Paradigms and Practices. Routledge, New York, pp 200–218
49. O’Brien K, Eriksen S, Nygaard L P, Schjolden A (2007) Why different interpretations of vulnerability matter in climate change discourses. Clim Policy 7:73–88. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14693062.2007.9685639
50. Pandey R, Bardsley DK (2015) Social-ecological vulnerability to climate change in the Nepali Himalaya. Appl Geogr 64:74–86. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.09.008
51. Piesse J, Thirtle C (2009) Three bubbles and a panic: an explanatory review of recent food commodity price events. Food Policy 34:119–129. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.01.001
52. Pradhan D, Flaherty M (2007) National initiatives, local effects: trade liberalization, shrimp aquaculture, and coastal communities in Orissa, India. Soc Nat Resour 21(1):63–76. doi:10.1080/08941920701655734
53. Reid P, Vogel C (2006) Living and responding to multiple stressors in South Africa—Glimpses from KwaZulu-Natal. Glob Environ Change 16(2):195–206. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.01.003
54. Ribot J (2014) Cause and response: vulnerability and climate in the Anthropocene. J Peasant Stud 4:667–705. doi:10.1080/03066150.2014.894911
55. Sen A (1981) Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford University Press, New York
56. Shrestha AB, Aryal R (2011) Climate change in Nepal and its impact on Himalayan glaciers. Reg Environ Change 11(1):65–77. doi:10.1007/s10113-010-0174-9
57. Sietz D, Choque SEM, Lüdeke MK (2012) Typical patterns of smallholder vulnerability to weather extremes with regard to food security in the Peruvian Altiplano. Reg Environ Change 12:489–505. doi:10.1007/s10113-011-0246-5
58. Singh S, Bassignana-Khadka I, Karky B, Sharma E (2011) Climate change in the Hindu-Kush Himalayas: the state of current knowledge. ICIMOD, Kathmandu
59. Tanner T, Lewis D, Wrathall D, Bronen R, Cradock-Henry N, Huq S, Chris L, Raphael N, Prasad V, Rahman MA, Ryan A, Katherine K, Karen M, Md N, Sarah HS, Thomalla F (2015) Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change. Nat Clim Change 5:23–26. doi:10.1038/nclimate2431
60. Thompson M, Warburton M (1985) Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale. Mt Res Dev. doi:10.2307/3673250
61. Tschakert P (2007) Views from the vulnerable: understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel. Glob Environ Change 17(3):381–396. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.008
62. Turner BL, Kasperson RE, Matson PA, McCarthy JJ, Corell RW, Christensen L, Eckleyg N, Kasperson JX, Luerse A, Martellog ML, Polskya C, Pulsipher A, Schillerb A (2003) A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:8074–8079. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231335100
63. USDA (2015) Six-item short form of the food security survey module. Retrieved 2 Feb 2015, from: http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/survey-tools.aspx
64. Watts MJ, Bohle HG (1993) The space of vulnerability: the causal structure of hunger and famine. Prog Hum Geogr 17:43–67. doi:10.1177/030913259301700103
65. Wilbanks TJ, Kates RW (1999) Global change in local places: how scale matters. Clim Change 43:601–628. doi:10.1023/A:1005418924748
66. Wisner B, Blaikie P, Canon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. Routledge, London, New York
67. Zhang X, Zhang KH (2003) How does globalisation affect regional inequality within a developing country? Evidence from China. J Dev Stud 39:47–67. doi:10.1080/713869425