메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 17-39

Seven myths of race and the young child

Author keywords

Children; Conventional Wisdom; Parents; Racial Awareness; Racial Prejudice

Indexed keywords


EID: 85011510944     PISSN: 1742058X     EISSN: 17420598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X12000033     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (81)
  • 2
    • 85047689303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Formation of In-Group Favoritism and Out-Group Prejudice in Young Children: Are They Distinct Attitudes?
    • Aboud Frances E. (2003). The Formation of In-Group Favoritism and Out-Group Prejudice in Young Children: Are They Distinct Attitudes? Developmental Psychology, 39(1): 48–60.
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-60
    • Aboud, F.E.1
  • 4
    • 0041466588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination in Children and Adolescents
    • In Oskamp Stuart (Ed.) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
    • Aboud Frances E. and Levy Sheri R. (2000). Interventions to Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination in Children and Adolescents. In Oskamp Stuart (Ed.), Prejudice and Discrimination, pp. 269–293. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    • (2000) Prejudice and Discrimination , pp. 269-293
    • Aboud, F.E.1    Levy, S.R.2
  • 5
    • 0035464223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype Susceptibility in Children: Effects of Identity Activation on Quantitative Performance
    • Ambady Nalini, Shih Margaret, Kim Amy, and Pittinsky Todd L. (2001). Stereotype Susceptibility in Children: Effects of Identity Activation on Quantitative Performance. Psychological Science, 12(5): 385–390.
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 385-390
    • Ambady, N.1    Shih, M.2    Kim, A.3    Pittinsky, T.L.4
  • 7
    • 0001782130 scopus 로고
    • Topographies of the Self: Praise and Emotion in Hindu India
    • In Lutz Catherine A. and Abu-Lughod Lila (Eds.) New York: Cambridge University Press and Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme
    • Appadurai Arjun (1990). Topographies of the Self: Praise and Emotion in Hindu India. In Lutz Catherine A. and Abu-Lughod Lila (Eds.), Language and the Politics of Emotion, pp. 92–112. New York: Cambridge University Press and Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.
    • (1990) Language and the Politics of Emotion , pp. 92-112
    • Appadurai, A.1
  • 8
    • 0037854202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Acquisition of Physical Knowledge in Infancy: A Summary in Eight Lessons
    • In Smith Peter K. and Hart Craig H. (Eds.) Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers
    • Baillargeon Renee (2002). The Acquisition of Physical Knowledge in Infancy: A Summary in Eight Lessons. In Smith Peter K. and Hart Craig H. (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development, pp. 47–83. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
    • (2002) Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development , pp. 47-83
    • Baillargeon, R.1
  • 9
    • 0002397992 scopus 로고
    • Implicit Stereotyping and Prejudice
    • In Zanna Mark P. and Olson James M. (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    • Banaji Mahzarin and Greenwald Anthony G. (1994). Implicit Stereotyping and Prejudice. In Zanna Mark P. and Olson James M. (Eds.), The Psychology of Prejudice: The Ontario Symposium, vol. 7, pp. 55–76. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    • (1994) The Psychology of Prejudice: The Ontario Symposium , vol.7 , pp. 55-76
    • Banaji, M.1    Greenwald, A.G.2
  • 10
    • 33645065365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature and Nurture in Own-Race Face Processing
    • Bar-Haim Yair, Ziv Talee, Lamy Dominique, and Hodes Richard M. (2006). Nature and Nurture in Own-Race Face Processing. Psychological Science, 17(2): 159–163.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-163
    • Bar-Haim, Y.1    Ziv, T.2    Lamy, D.3    Hodes, R.M.4
  • 11
    • 33645077085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development of Implicit Attitudes: Evidence of Race Evaluations from Ages 6 and 10 and Adulthood
    • Baron Andrew Scott and Banaji Mahzarin R. (2006). The Development of Implicit Attitudes: Evidence of Race Evaluations from Ages 6 and 10 and Adulthood. Psychological Science, 17(1): 53–58.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Baron, A.S.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 12
    • 38149021997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological Essentialism and Attention Allocation: Preferences for Stereotype-Consistent Versus Stereotype-Inconsistent Information
    • Bastian Brock and Haslam Nick (2007). Psychological Essentialism and Attention Allocation: Preferences for Stereotype-Consistent Versus Stereotype-Inconsistent Information. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(5): 531–541.
    • (2007) The Journal of Social Psychology , vol.147 , Issue.5 , pp. 531-541
    • Bastian, B.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 13
    • 85011502671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Parents Shape the Development of Values in Children
    • Bigler Rebecca S. (2004). How Parents Shape the Development of Values in Children. Contemporary Psychology, 43: 837–838.
    • (2004) Contemporary Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 837-838
    • Bigler, R.S.1
  • 14
    • 76749102312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for Skepticism about the Efficacy of Simulated Social Contact Interventions
    • Bigler Rebecca S. and Hughes Lulie Milligan (2010). Reasons for Skepticism about the Efficacy of Simulated Social Contact Interventions. American Psychologist, 65(2): 132–133.
    • (2010) American Psychologist , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-133
    • Bigler, R.S.1    Hughes, L.M.2
  • 15
    • 77953780553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development of Social Essentialism: The Case of Israeli Children's Inferences about Jews and Arabs
    • Birnbaum Dana, Deeb Inas, Segall Gili, Ben-Eliyahu Adar, and Diesendruck Gil (2010). The Development of Social Essentialism: The Case of Israeli Children's Inferences about Jews and Arabs. Child Development, 81(3): 757–777.
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 757-777
    • Birnbaum, D.1    Deeb, I.2    Segall, G.3    Ben-Eliyahu, A.4    Diesendruck, G.5
  • 16
    • 85011455456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Perils of Color Blindness
    • In Marsh J., Mendoza-Denton R., and Smith J. A. (Eds.) Boston, MA: Beacon Pres
    • Blais D. (2010). The Perils of Color Blindness. In Marsh J., Mendoza-Denton R., and Smith J. A. (Eds.), Are We Born Racist?: New Insights from Neuroscience and Positive Psychology, pp. 71–74. Boston, MA: Beacon Pres.
    • (2010) Are We Born Racist?: New Insights from Neuroscience and Positive Psychology , pp. 71-74
    • Blais, D.1
  • 17
    • 84925923429 scopus 로고
    • Racial Attitudes of Black Preschoolers as Related to Parental Civil Rights Activism
    • Branch Curtis and Newcombe Nora (1980). Racial Attitudes of Black Preschoolers as Related to Parental Civil Rights Activism. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(4): 425–428.
    • (1980) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-428
    • Branch, C.1    Newcombe, N.2
  • 18
    • 79958133220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Baby Discriminate
    • September 14
    • Bronson Po and Merryman Ashley (2009). See Baby Discriminate. Newsweek, September 14, pp. 52–60.
    • (2009) Newsweek , pp. 52-60
    • Bronson, P.1    Merryman, A.2
  • 19
    • 0016964413 scopus 로고
    • Infants' Responses to Strangers: Midget, Adult, and Child
    • Brooks Jeanne and Lewis Michael (1976). Infants' Responses to Strangers: Midget, Adult, and Child. Child Development, 47(2): 323–332.
    • (1976) Child Development , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 323-332
    • Brooks, J.1    Lewis, M.2
  • 21
    • 47549115044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating Physiological and Self-Reported Mediators of Stereotype Lift Effects on a Motor Task
    • Chalabaev Aïna, Stone Jeff, Sarrazin Philippe, and Croizet Jean-Claude (2008). Investigating Physiological and Self-Reported Mediators of Stereotype Lift Effects on a Motor Task. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30(1): 18–26.
    • (2008) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Chalabaev, A.1    Stone, J.2    Sarrazin, P.3    Croizet, J.-C.4
  • 22
    • 0000753111 scopus 로고
    • The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children
    • Clark K. B. and Clark M. K. (1939). The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children. Journal of Social Psychology, 10: 591–599.
    • (1939) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 591-599
    • Clark, K.B.1    Clark, M.K.2
  • 23
    • 0000731157 scopus 로고
    • Emotional Factors in Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children
    • Clark Kenneth B. and Clark Mamie P. (1950). Emotional Factors in Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children. Journal of Negro Education, 19: 341–350.
    • (1950) Journal of Negro Education , vol.19 , pp. 341-350
    • Clark, K.B.1    Clark, M.P.2
  • 26
    • 77951957088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing Communicative Intentions in Infancy
    • Csibra Gergely (2010). Recognizing Communicative Intentions in Infancy. Mind and Language, 25(2): 141–168.
    • (2010) Mind and Language , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-168
    • Csibra, G.1
  • 28
    • 0000636353 scopus 로고
    • Automatic and Controlled Processes in Prejudice: The Role of Stereotypes and Personal Beliefs
    • In Pratkanis Anthony R., Breckler Steven J., and Greenwald Anthony G. (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    • Devine Patricia (1989). Automatic and Controlled Processes in Prejudice: The Role of Stereotypes and Personal Beliefs. In Pratkanis Anthony R., Breckler Steven J., and Greenwald Anthony G. (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function, pp. 181–212. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    • (1989) Attitude Structure and Function , pp. 181-212
    • Devine, P.1
  • 29
    • 33646696897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Language, Appearance, and Culture in Children's Social Category-Based Induction
    • Diesendruck Gil and haLevi Heidi (2006). The Role of Language, Appearance, and Culture in Children's Social Category-Based Induction. Child Development, 77(3): 539–553.
    • (2006) Child Development , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-553
    • Diesendruck, G.1    haLevi, H.2
  • 31
    • 38249003117 scopus 로고
    • Preschoolers Select Playmates on the Basis of Gender and Race
    • Fishbein Harold D. and Imai Satomi (1993). Preschoolers Select Playmates on the Basis of Gender and Race. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14(3): 303–316.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-316
    • Fishbein, H.D.1    Imai, S.2
  • 33
    • 85011526791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generics as a Window onto Young Children's Concepts
    • (Forthcoming). In Pelletier F. J. (Ed.) New York: Oxford University Press
    • Gelman Susan (Forthcoming). Generics as a Window onto Young Children's Concepts. In Pelletier F. J. (Ed.), Kinds, Things, and Stuff: The Cognitive Side of Generics and Mass Terms. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Kinds, Things, and Stuff: The Cognitive Side of Generics and Mass Terms
    • Gelman, S.1
  • 34
    • 77956057996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Generic Language on Category Content and Structure
    • Gelman Susan A., Ware Elizabeth A., and Kleinberg Felicia (2010). Effects of Generic Language on Category Content and Structure. Cognitive Psychology, 61(3): 273–301.
    • (2010) Cognitive Psychology , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-301
    • Gelman, S.A.1    Ware, E.A.2    Kleinberg, F.3
  • 35
    • 0000905187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Biocultural Human Brain, Migrations, and the Emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic
    • In Mellars Paul and Gibson Kathleen (Eds.) Cambridge, UK: The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
    • Gibson Kathleen (1996). The Biocultural Human Brain, Migrations, and the Emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic. In Mellars Paul and Gibson Kathleen (Eds.), Modeling the Early Human Mind, pp. 33–46. Cambridge, UK: The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
    • (1996) Modeling the Early Human Mind , pp. 33-46
    • Gibson, K.1
  • 38
    • 0037159541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?
    • Hauser Marc D., Chomsky Noam, and Fitch W. Tecumseh (2002). The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve? Science, 298(5598): 1569–1579.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , Issue.5598 , pp. 1569-1579
    • Hauser, M.D.1    Chomsky, N.2    Fitch, W.T.3
  • 39
    • 34250192890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can Autistic Children Predict Behavior by Social Stereotypes?
    • Hirschfeld L. A., Bartmess E., White S., and Frith Uta (2007). Can Autistic Children Predict Behavior by Social Stereotypes? Current Biology, 17(12): R451–R452.
    • (2007) Current Biology , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. R451-R452
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1    Bartmess, E.2    White, S.3    Frith, U.4
  • 40
    • 0029242856 scopus 로고
    • Do Children Have a Theory of Race?
    • Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (1995). Do Children Have a Theory of Race? Cognition, 54(2): 209–252.
    • (1995) Cognition , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-252
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1
  • 42
    • 85011443839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folksociology and the Cognitive Foundations of Culture
    • Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (2007). Folksociology and the Cognitive Foundations of Culture. Intellectica, 46–47(2-3): 191–206.
    • (2007) Intellectica , vol.46-47 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 191-206
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1
  • 43
    • 84873712746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bi-Lingual Brain Revisited
    • Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (2008a). The Bi-Lingual Brain Revisited. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1): 182–185.
    • (2008) Evolutionary Psychology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 182-185
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1
  • 44
    • 77649128246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's Developing Conceptions of Race
    • In Quintana Stephen M. and McKown Clark (Eds.) Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (2008b). Children's Developing Conceptions of Race. In Quintana Stephen M. and McKown Clark (Eds.), Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child, pp. 37–54. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • (2008) Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child , pp. 37-54
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1
  • 45
    • 21144464738 scopus 로고
    • Discovering Social Difference: The Role of Appearance in the Development of Racial Awareness
    • Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (1993). Discovering Social Difference: The Role of Appearance in the Development of Racial Awareness. Cognitive Psychology, 25: 317–350.
    • (1993) Cognitive Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 317-350
    • Hirschfeld, L.A.1
  • 47
    • 35948964877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of Learning about Historical Racism among European American and African American Children
    • Hughes Julie M., Bigler Rebecca S., and Levy Sheri R. (2007). Consequences of Learning about Historical Racism among European American and African American Children. Child Development, 78(6): 1689–1705.
    • (2007) Child Development , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 1689-1705
    • Hughes, J.M.1    Bigler, R.S.2    Levy, S.R.3
  • 48
    • 0007344681 scopus 로고
    • Developmental Foundations of Gender and Racial Attitudes
    • In Leahy R. (Ed.) New York: Academic Press
    • Katz P. (1983). Developmental Foundations of Gender and Racial Attitudes. In Leahy R. (Ed.), The Child's Construction of Social Inequality. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1983) The Child's Construction of Social Inequality
    • Katz, P.1
  • 49
    • 34250824049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-Race Preferences for Same-Race Faces Extend Beyond the African Versus Caucasian Contrast in Three-Month-Old Infants
    • Kelly David J., Liu Shaoying, Ge Liezhong, Quinn Paul C., Slater Alan M., Lee Kang, Liu Qinyao, and Pascalis Olivier (2007). Cross-Race Preferences for Same-Race Faces Extend Beyond the African Versus Caucasian Contrast in Three-Month-Old Infants. Infancy, 11(1): 87–95.
    • (2007) Infancy , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-95
    • Kelly, D.J.1    Liu, S.2    Ge, L.3    Quinn, P.C.4    Slater, A.M.5    Lee, K.6    Liu, Q.7    Pascalis, O.8
  • 52
    • 79951944885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Infants Show Social Preferences for People Differing in Race?
    • Kinzler Katherine D. and Spelke Elizabeth S. (2011). Do Infants Show Social Preferences for People Differing in Race? Cognition, 119(1): 1–9.
    • (2011) Cognition , vol.119 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Kinzler, K.D.1    Spelke, E.S.2
  • 54
    • 77957912606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarity and Difference in the Processing of Same- and Other-Race Faces as Revealed by Eye Tracking in 4- to 9-Month-Olds
    • Liu Shaoying, Quinn Paul C., Wheeler Andrea, Xiao Naiqi, Ge Liezhong, and Lee Kang (2010). Similarity and Difference in the Processing of Same- and Other-Race Faces as Revealed by Eye Tracking in 4- to 9-Month-Olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(1): 180–189.
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 180-189
    • Liu, S.1    Quinn, P.C.2    Wheeler, A.3    Xiao, N.4    Ge, L.5    Lee, K.6
  • 55
    • 84886352051 scopus 로고
    • How to Build a Baby: Conceptual Primitives
    • Mandler J. (1992). How to Build a Baby: Conceptual Primitives. Cognitive Psychology, 23: 263–298.
    • (1992) Cognitive Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 263-298
    • Mandler, J.1
  • 56
    • 35548965495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Stereotype Lift: On the Role of the Social Self
    • Marx David M. and Stapel Diederik A. (2006). Understanding Stereotype Lift: On the Role of the Social Self. Social Cognition, 24(6): 776–791.
    • (2006) Social Cognition , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 776-791
    • Marx, D.M.1    Stapel, D.A.2
  • 58
    • 85011482961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should We Talk to Young Children about Race?
    • April 28. (accessed January 6, 2012)
    • Mendoza-Denton Roldolfo (2011). Should We Talk to Young Children about Race? Psychology Today. April 28. ⟨ http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/are-we-born-racist/201104/should-we-talk-young-children-about-race ⟩ (accessed January 6, 2012).
    • (2011) Psychology Today
    • Mendoza-Denton, R.1
  • 59
    • 34248915747 scopus 로고
    • Developmental Changes in Male/Female Voice Classification by Infants
    • Miller Cynthia L. (1983). Developmental Changes in Male/Female Voice Classification by Infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 6(3): 313–330.
    • (1983) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-330
    • Miller, C.L.1
  • 61
    • 85011531037 scopus 로고
    • Indirect Influences on Children's Racial Attitudes
    • Morris Jeanne B. (1981). Indirect Influences on Children's Racial Attitudes. Educational Leadership, 38(4): 286–287.
    • (1981) Educational Leadership , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-287
    • Morris, J.B.1
  • 62
    • 13844287355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing Genetic Contributions to Phenotypic Differences among “Racial” and “Ethnic” Groups
    • Mountain Joanna L. and Risch Neil (2004). Assessing Genetic Contributions to Phenotypic Differences among “Racial” and “Ethnic” Groups. Nature Genetics, 36: S36–S48.
    • (2004) Nature Genetics , vol.36 , pp. S36-S48
    • Mountain, J.L.1    Risch, N.2
  • 63
    • 77955794970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Origins of Face Processing in Humans: Phylogeny and Ontogeny
    • Pascalis Olivier and Kelly David J. (2009). The Origins of Face Processing in Humans: Phylogeny and Ontogeny. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2): 200–209.
    • (2009) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-209
    • Pascalis, O.1    Kelly, D.J.2
  • 64
    • 0003015137 scopus 로고
    • Young Children's Thinking about Ethnic Differences
    • In Phinney J. and Rotheram M. (Eds.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Ramsey Patricia G. (1987). Young Children's Thinking about Ethnic Differences. In Phinney J. and Rotheram M. (Eds.), Children's Ethnic Socialization, pp. 56–72. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Children's Ethnic Socialization , pp. 56-72
    • Ramsey, P.G.1
  • 66
    • 4544276948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces by Three-Month-Old Infants
    • Sangrigoli Sandy and de Schonen Scania (2004). Recognition of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces by Three-Month-Old Infants. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7): 1219–1227.
    • (2004) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 1219-1227
    • Sangrigoli, S.1    de Schonen, S.2
  • 67
    • 77955529735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Categories Guide Young Children's Preferences for Novel Objects
    • Shutts Kristin, Banaji Mahzarin R., and Spelke Elizabeth S. (2010). Social Categories Guide Young Children's Preferences for Novel Objects. Developmental Science, 13(4): 599–610.
    • (2010) Developmental Science , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 599-610
    • Shutts, K.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Spelke, E.S.3
  • 69
    • 0002856681 scopus 로고
    • Principles of Object Perception
    • Spelke Elizabeth (1990). Principles of Object Perception. Cognitive Science, 14: 29–56.
    • (1990) Cognitive Science , vol.14 , pp. 29-56
    • Spelke, E.1
  • 70
    • 0001449397 scopus 로고
    • Children's Cultural Values and Parental Child Rearing Strategies
    • Spencer Margaret (1983). Children's Cultural Values and Parental Child Rearing Strategies. Developmental Review, 3(4): 351–370.
    • (1983) Developmental Review , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 351-370
    • Spencer, M.1
  • 71
    • 47549084563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and Modularity
    • In Carruthers Peter, Laurence Stephen, and Stich Stephen P. (Eds.) Culture and Cognition, New York: Oxford University Press
    • Sperber Dan and Hirschfeld Lawrence A. (2006). Culture and Modularity. In Carruthers Peter, Laurence Stephen, and Stich Stephen P. (Eds.), The Innate Mind, vol. 2: Culture and Cognition, pp. 149–164. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2006) The Innate Mind , vol.2 , pp. 149-164
    • Sperber, D.1    Hirschfeld, L.A.2
  • 72
    • 0029411777 scopus 로고
    • Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans
    • Steele Claude M. and Aronson Joshua (1995). Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5): 797–811.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 797-811
    • Steele, C.M.1    Aronson, J.2
  • 73
    • 0000561078 scopus 로고
    • A Developmental Study of Racial Awareness in Young Children
    • Stevenson Harold W. and Stewart Edward C. (1958). A Developmental Study of Racial Awareness in Young Children. Child Development, 29: 399–409.
    • (1958) Child Development , vol.29 , pp. 399-409
    • Stevenson, H.W.1    Stewart, E.C.2
  • 80
    • 77956061950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Names Will Never Hurt Me? Naming and the Development of Racial and Gender Categories in Preschool-Aged Children
    • Waxman Sandra R. (2010). Names Will Never Hurt Me? Naming and the Development of Racial and Gender Categories in Preschool-Aged Children. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4): 593–610.
    • (2010) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 593-610
    • Waxman, S.R.1
  • 81
    • 0000258105 scopus 로고
    • Evaluative Responses of Preschool Children to the Colors White and Black
    • Williams John E., Boswell Donna A., and Best Deborah L. (1975). Evaluative Responses of Preschool Children to the Colors White and Black. Child Development, 46(2): 501–508.
    • (1975) Child Development , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 501-508
    • Williams, J.E.1    Boswell, D.A.2    Best, D.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.