Death of family members as an overlooked source of racial disadvantage in the United States

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 114, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 915-920

  Umberson, Debra ^a   Olson, Julie Skalamera ^a   Crosnoe, Robert ^a   Liu, Hui ^b   Pudrovska, Tetyana ^a   Donnelly, Rachel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bereavement; Disparities; Family; Life expectancy; Race

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; BEREAVEMENT; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FAMILY; FATHER; FEMALE; GRIEF; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MOTHER; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; SIBLING; SPOUSE; UNITED STATES; ANCESTRY GROUP; CHILD; MIDDLE AGED; RISK; SOCIOECONOMICS; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; CHILD; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; DEATH; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85010948709     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605599114     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Hummer RA, Chinn JJ (2011) Race/ethnicity and U.S. adult mortality: Progress, prospects, and new analyses. Du Bois Rev 8(1):5-24.
2. Kochanek KD, Arias E, Anderson RN (2013) How did cause of death contribute to race differences in life expectancy in the United States in 2010? NCHS Brief (National Center for Health Statistics, Hyatsville, MD).
3. Williams DR, Jackson PB (2005) Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Aff (Millwood) 24(2):325-334.
4. Stroebe M, Schut H, Stroebe W (2007) Health outcomes of bereavement. Lancet 370(9603):1960-1973.
5. Geronimus AT, Bound J, Colen CG (2011) Excess black mortality in the United States and in selected black and white high-poverty areas, 1980-2000. Am J Public Health 101(4):720-729.
6. Olshansky SJ, et al. (2012) Differences in life expectancy due to race and educational differences are widening, and many may not catch up. Health Aff (Millwood) 31(8):1803-1813.
7. Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D (2002) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol 31(2):285-293.
8. Elder GH, Johnson MK, Crosnoe R (2003) The emergence and development of life course theory. Handbook of the Life Course, eds Mortimer JT, Shanahan MJ (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York), pp 3-9.
9. Halfon N, Hochstein M (2002) Life course health development: An integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research. Milbank Q 80(3):433-479, iii.
10. O'Rand A (2006) Stratification and the life course: Life course capital, life course risks, and social inequality. Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, eds Binstock RH, George LK (Academic, Burlington, MA), pp 146-162.
11. Shuey K, Wilson A (2008) Cumulative disadvantage and black-white disparities in life course health. Res Aging 30:200-225.
12. Link BG, Phelan J (1995) Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. J Health Soc Behav 1995(Spec No):80-94.
13. Phelan JC, Link BG, Tehranifar P (2010) Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav 51(Suppl):S28-S40.
14. Hatch SL (2005) Conceptualizing and identifying cumulative adversity and protective resources: Implications for understanding health inequalities. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 60(Spec No 2):130-134.
15. Hayward MD, Gorman BK (2004) The long arm of childhood: The influence of earlylife social conditions on men's mortality. Demography 41(1):87-107.
16. Miller GE, Chen E, Parker KJ (2011) Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms. Psychol Bull 137(6):959-997.
17. Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, McEwen BS (2009) Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA 301(21):2252-2259.
18. Warner DF, Brown TH (2011) Understanding how race/ethnicity and gender define agetrajectories of disability: An intersectionality approach. Soc Sci Med 72(8):1236-1248.
19. Geronimus AT, Hicken M, Keene D, Bound J (2006) "Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. Am J Public Health 96(5):826-833.
20. Stroebe W, Stroebe MS (1987) Bereavement and Health: The Psychological and Physical Consequences of Partner Loss (Cambridge Univ Press, New York).
21. Williams DR, Sternthal M (2010) Understanding racial-ethnic disparities in health: Sociological contributions. J Health Soc Behav 51(Suppl):S15-S27.
22. Bowlby J (1980) Attachment and Loss (Basic Books, New York), Vol 3.
23. Repetti RL, Taylor SE, Seeman TE (2002) Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychol Bull 128(2):330-366.
24. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D (1988) Social relationships and health. Science 241(4865):540-545.
25. Berkman LF, Syme SL (1979) Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nineyear follow-up study of Alameda County residents. Am J Epidemiol 109(2):186-204.
26. Carr D, Neese R, Wortman CB, eds (2006) Spousal Bereavement in Late Life (Springer, New York).
27. Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Zandi PP, Lyketsos CG (2013) The Cache County Study on Memory in Aging: Factors affecting risk of Alzheimer's disease and its progression after onset. Int Rev Psychiatry 25(6):673-685.
28. Kessler RC, et al. (2010) Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 197(5):378-385.
29. Maier EH, Lachman ME (2000) Consequences of early parental loss and separation for health and well-being in midlife. Int J Behav Dev 24:183-189.
30. Smith KR, Hanson HA (2015) Early life influences on health and mortality. International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, eds Elo I, Foster A (Elsevier, Amsterdam).
31. Braveman P, Barclay C (2009) Health disparities beginning in childhood: A life-course perspective. Pediatrics 124(Suppl 3):S163-S175.
32. Shonkoff JP, Garner AS; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care; Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (2012) The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics 129(1):e232-e246.
33. Dupre ME, Beck AN, Meadows SO (2009) Marital trajectories and mortality among US adults. Am J Epidemiol 170(5):546-555.
34. Berman LR, et al. (2015) Parental loss and residential instability: The impact on young women from low-income households in Detroit. J Child Fam Stud 24:416-426.
35. Smith JR (2015) Unequal burdens of loss: Examining the frequency and timing of homicide deaths experienced by young Black men across the life course. Am J Public Health 105(Suppl 3):S483-S490.
36. Martin JL, Dean L (1989) Risk factors for AIDS-related bereavement in a cohort of homosexual men in New York City. Epidemiology and the Prevention of Mental Disorders, eds Cooper B, Helgason T (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London), pp 170-184.
37. Umberson D, Montez JK (2010) Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for health policy. J Health Soc Behav 51(Suppl):S54-S66.
38. Putnam KT, Harris WW, Putnam FW (2013) Synergistic childhood adversities and complex adult psychopathology. J Trauma Stress 26(4):435-442.
39. Mollborn S, Fomby P, Dennis JA (2011) Who matters for children's early development? Race/ethnicity and extended household structures in the United States. Child Indic Res 4(3):389-411.
40. Western B, Wildeman C (2009) The black family and mass incarceration. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 621:221-242.
41. Preston SH, Hill ME, Drevenstedt GL (1998) Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African-Americans. Soc Sci Med 47(9):1231-1246.
42. Sharkey P (2010) The acute effect of local homicides on children's cognitive performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(26):11733-11738.
43. Burton LM, Lichter DT, Baker RS, Eason JM (2013) Inequality, family processes, and health in the "new" rural America. Am Behav Sci 57:1128-1151.
44. Lichter DT, Parisi D, Taquino MC (2012) The geography of exclusion: Race, segregation, and concentrated poverty. Soc Probl 59:364-388.
45. Hooks B (2014) Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-Recovery (Routledge, New York), 2nd Ed.
46. Ward J (2013) Men We Reaped: A Memoir (Bloomsbury, New York).
47. Bell D (1993) Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism (Basic Books, New York).
48. Rankine C (2014) Citizen: An American Lyric (Graywolf Press, Minneapolis).