Economic development and the changing legal system of papua new guinea

Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law

Volumn 10, Issue 16, 1978, Pages 3-79

  Paliwala, Abdul ^a   Zorn, Jean ^a   Bayne, Peter ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85010520749     PISSN: 07329113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07329113.1978.10756244     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. C. Lepani, "Planning in Small Countries Developing Economies: A Case-Study of Papua New Guinea." (Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, 1976). Throughout this paper, money is expressed in United States dollars: Papua New Guinea currency is the Kina, equivalent to $1.25 US.
2. Papua New Guinea Central Planning Office, Papua New Guinea's 1973-4 Improvement Plan, (Port Moresby, 1973), p.30.
3. A. Kuper Race, Class and Power. (London: Duckworth, 1977).
4. I. Shivji, Class Struggles in Tanzania (1976) argues that this approach still leaves the country dependent on international capitalism.
5. D. Apter, The Politics of Modernisation (1965), passim, and B. Hoselitz (ed.), The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas (1962), (passim).
6. A. Gunder Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment" in Frank & Johnson (eds.) Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin American Political Economy (1972), 3-4.
7. H. Chenery, J. Duloy & R. Jolly (eds.). Re-distribution with Growth: An Approach to Policy (1973).
8. B. Hoselitz, Re-distribution with Growth: An Approach to Policy;
9. M. Nash and R. Chin (eds.), "Psychocultural Factors in Asian Economic Growth" 29 Journal of Social Issues (1963).
10. S. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth (1960) is based on the assumption that growth takes place in a series of stages leading ultimately to modern capitalism.
11. M. Nash, Introduction: Approaches to the Study of Economic Growth in M. Nash and R. Chin (eds.), The Stages of Economic Growth., 5.
12. D. Apter, The Stages of Economic Growth., 2; in relation to Latin America, see Id. at 235
13. C. Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Neo colonialism 1964-71 (1974), 12-13.
14. P. Baran, The Political Economy of Growth (1957);
15. R. Macnamara, One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development (1973), passim.
16. T. Parsons, The Social System (1951).
17. Frank F, "Economic Dependence, Class Structure and Underdevelopment Policy" in Frank & Johnson, The Social System., 19.
18. O. Lange, Papers in Economics and Sociology (1970), 17.
19. Furtado F, "The Brazilian 'Model' of Development" in C.K. Wilber (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment (1973) 297, 302-2.
20. Booth B, "Andre Gunder Frank: An Introduction and Apprecia tion," in Oxaal, Barnett, and Booth (eds.), Beyond the Sociology of Development (1975), 50.
21. H. Chenery, J. Duloy, and R. Jolly, Beyond the Sociology of Development.
22. Bell B and Jolly J, "The Elements of Strategy," in Beyond the Sociology of Development., 8.
23. A. Paliwala, "Towards a Political Economy of Law in Underdeveloped Countries" 2 Melanesian Law Journal 357 (1975).
24. Kenneth Roberts-Wray, "The Adaptation of Imported Law in Africa," 4 Journal of African Law 66 (1960). For a similar view, expressed by an African
25. B.O. Nwabueze, Constitutionalism in the Emergent States of Africa (1973), 39
26. J. Woddis, Introduction to Neo-Colonialism (1972), 15.
27. J. Kaputin, "The Law: A colonial Fraud?" 10 New Guinea 4 (1975);
28. B. Narokobi, "The Adaptation of Western Law in the Pacific: The Papua New Guinea Experience," paper delivered at the 3d South Pacific Judicial and Legal Conference, Port Moresby, 1977.
29. Cf. R. Seidman, "The Reception of English Law in Colonial Africa Revisited," 2 Eastern Africa Law Review 47 (1969);
30. P. Bayne, "Legal Development in Papua New Guinea: The Place of the Common Law," 3 Melanesian Law Journal 9 (1975).
31. E.P. Wolpers, Race Relations and Colonial Rule (1975) for a demonstration of the validity of this approach in Papua New Guinea.
32. H. Morris, "Native Courts: a Corner Stone of Indirect Rule," in H. Morris and J. Read (eds.), Indirect Rule and the Search for Justice: Essays in East African Legal History (1972), 131, for the operation of native courts in East Africa.
33. D.M. Trubek, "Towards a Social Theory of Law: An Essay on the Study of Law and Development," 82 Yale L.J. 1 (1972)
34. M. Rheinstein, "Problems of Law in the New Nations of Africa," and in C. Gertz (ed.), Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa (1963), 220
35. M. Galanter, "The Modernization of Law," in L. Friedman and S. Macaulay (eds.), Law and the Behavioral Sciences (1969), 989.
36. R. David, cited by J. Costa in A. Milner (ed.), African Penal Systems (1969), 369.
37. Papua New Guinea, D.P. Derham, Report on the System for the Administration of Justice in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1960), passim.
38. F. Engels, "Feberbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy," in selected works, Vol. V. (1886) 337, at 369-370.
39. F. Engels, "Letter to J. Bloch" in Feberbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy., Vol. V. (1886) 487.
40. J.A. Cheen, The Criminal Process in the People's Republic of China 1949-1963 (1968) 51.
41. J.C.N. Paul, "Notes on the Study of Access as an Approach to the Comparative Study of the Development of Legal Systems" (unpublished, 1975). On a general discussion of redistributive strategy.
42. J.C.N. Paul and Clarence J. Dias, "Law and Resource Distribution: A Report on a Series of Workshops co-sponsored by the International Legal Center and Various Regional Organizations during 1976-1977," (unpublished, 1977).
43. P. Fitzpatrick and L. Blaxter, "Legal Blocks to Popular Development" (1974) 1 Yagl-Ambu 303.
44. C.D. Rowley, "The Occupation of German New Guinea 1914-21," in W.J. Hudson (ed.), Australia and Papua New Guinea (1971), 57.
45. H. Radi, "New Guinea under the Mandate," in W.J. Hudson, Australia and Papua New Guinea., 75.
46. R.B. Joyce, "Australian Interests in New Guinea before 1906," In W.J. Hudson, Australia and Papua New Guinea., 8.
47. B. Jinks, P. Biskup, and H. Nelson (eds.), Readings in New Guinea History (1973), 86.
48. N. Sharp, "Millenarian Movements: Their Meaning and Significance," (1976) La Trobe Sociology Papers No. 25, 37: "[R]epeatedly planters pressed for Asian labour, yet despite a labour shortage this was always refused."
49. H. Nelson, "Papua is the Country'.," (1969) 3 New Guinea No. 4., 39-43 for a description of the similar situation in Papua.
50. H. Nelson, Black, White and Gold: Goldmining in Papua New Guinea 1878-1930 (1976), 266-268.
51. W.A. Lalor, "Land Law and Registration," White and Gold: Goldmining in Papua New Guinea., 137.
52. J. Zorn, "Fighting Over Land," 4 Melanesian Law Journal 7 (1975).
53. W.A. Lalor, History of the Kabaira Bay Land, Gazette Penninsula, New Britain (1972) Typescript, 17.
54. P. Hasluck, A Time for Building (1976), 121-122.
55. A.M. Healy, "Bulolo: A History of the Development of the Bulolo Region, New Guinea," New Guinea Research Bulletin No. 15 (March 1967), 42-43.
56. H. Murray, The Scientific Method as Applied to Native Labour Problems in Papua, (1931), 9.
57. P. Fitzpatric, "Labouring in Legal Mystification," (1976) 4 Melanesian Law Journal 133.
58. L.P. Mair, Australia in New Guinea (2nd ed. 1970), chs. 9, 10, and 11
59. D.W. Smith, Labour and the Law in Papua New Guinea (1975).
60. W. Gammage, "The Rabaul Strike, 1929," (1975) 10 Journal of Pacific History 3, for an account of the only (short-lived) general strike.
61. N.D. Oram, Colonial Town to Melanesian City: Port Moresby 1884-1974 (1976), 75-82 details the administration of the labor law during the war.
62. P. Fitzpatrick and J. Southwood, "The Community Corporation in Papua New Guinea" (1976) Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Discussion Paper 14.
63. E.P. Wolfers, "Trusteeship without Trust," in F. Stevens (ed.), Racism: The Australian Experience, Vol. III (1972), 62-99.
64. H.M. Murray, Native Administration in Papua (1929). The Australian grant left no excess for service projects, such as schools, hospitals, agricultural training or other necessities. Funds for these programs (when they existed at all) came from head taxes imposed on Papua New Guineans; there was no income or property tax on expatriates until 1959.
65. P. Bayne, "Legal Development in Papua New Guinea: The Place of the Common Law," (1975) 3 Melanesian Law Journal 9, 13-16.
66. L. Mair, Australia in New Guinea (2nd ed. 1970), 66.
67. J.K. McCarthy, Patrol into Yesterday (1963), 223-228.
68. N. Oram, in A. Clunies-Ross and J. Langmore, Alternative Strategies for Papua New Guinea (1973) 12.
69. I. Hogbin, "Local Government for New Guinea," 17 Oceana (1946) 33.
70. D.P. Derham, Report on the System for the Administration of Justice in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea Canberra, (1960), hereinafter cited as the Derham Report.
71. T. Barnett, "The Courts and the People of Papua New Guinea," 1 Journal of Papua and New Guinea Society (1967) 95-96.
72. B. Jinks, P. Biskup, and H. Nelson, Readings in New Guinea History (1973) 186-190;
73. C. Rowley, The Australians in German New Guinea (1958) 223-228.
74. C. Rowley, The Australians in German New Guinea (1958) 214-225
75. Native Regulations 1939, Reg. 115.
76. Native Regulations 1939, Reg. 114.
77. J.H.P. Murray, Native Custom and Primitive Races (1926), 9, claims that contract and tort never arise in custom as status is the major factor in dispute.
78. A.L. Goodhart (ed.), The Migration of the Common Law (1960) 7-10.
79. Greves G, "Criminal Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea," 25 A.L.J. (1952) 582-596.
80. J. Nilles, "The Kuman People," 24 Oceania 1, 15-16 (1953).
81. J. Waiko, "A Payback Murder," 4 Journal of Papua New Guinea Society (1970), 27.
82. R. V. Alder (1962), Supreme Court (unreported).
83. R. O’Regan, The Common Law in Papua New Guinea (1971), 31, observes that Chief Justice Mann's interpretation of the Criminal Code was "exceptional."
84. P. Bayne, "Legal Development in Papua New Guinea," 3 Melanesian L.J. 9 (1973).
85. T. Mboya, "These Are Our Brothers," (1965) 1 New Guinea No. 1., 11-12.
86. A. Mazrui, "An African's New Guinea," (1970) 5 New Guinea No. 3, 45-56.
87. J.R. Kerr, Law in Papua and New Guinea (Australian Institute of International Affairs, Townsville, Queensland, 1968);
88. G. Nash, infra.
89. S. Zorn, "Bougainville: Managing the Copper Industry," (1973) 7New Guinea;
90. A Paliwala, "Is a Deal a Deal? The Bougainville Agreement," 1974 2
91. C. Healy, "Companies in Papua New Guinea: The Legal Framework," Third Waigani Seminar (1969, unpublished typescript), 5.
92. Territory of Papua and New Guinea, House of Assembly Debates. Vol. 1, No. 8, 1209 (3 March 1966).
93. East Africa Royal Commission, Report (1955) Cmd 9475, paras. 77-78.
94. T. Bredmeyer, "The Registration of Customary Land in Papua New Guinea," (1975)
95. S.R. Simpson, "Report on Land Problems in Papua New Guinea," in M.W. Ward (ed.). Land Tenure and Economic Development: Problems and Policies in Papua New Guinea (1971), New Guinea Research Bulletin No. 40, 10-11.
96. A.D. Ward, "Agrarian Revolution: Handle with Care," (1972) New Guinea Vol. 6, No. 1, 25-34.
97. Territory of Papua and New Guinea House of Assembly Debates, Vol. I, No. 8, 1351-1352 (9 March, 1966).
98. J. Zorn, "Fighting Over Land," 4 Melanesian L.J. 7 (1976).
99. P. Bayne, "Legal Development in Papua New Guinea," 3 Melanesian L.J. 9, 23 (1975).
100. T. Barnett, "The Local Court Magistrate and the Settlement of Disputes," in B. Brown (ed.) Fashion of Law in New Guinea (1969) 159-164.
101. Nash N, "Problems of Legal Education in Papua New Guinea," in B. Brown (ed.) Fashion of Law in New Guinea (1969) 230.
102. B. Finney, Big Men and Business (1973) passim.
103. L. Andrews, "Business and Bureaucracy: A Study of Papua New Guinea Businessmen and the Policies of Business Development in Port Moresby," (1975) New Guinea Research Bulletin No. 59, passim.
104. P. J. Bayne and H.K. Colebatch, "Constitutional Development in Papua New Guinea 1968-1973 New Guinea Research Bulletin No. 51, chs. V, VI, and VII detail the stages of this process.
105. M. Somare Sana (1975), 83-110, is an account by the present Prime Minister of the formation of the 1972 government and of its policies.
106. J. Zorn and P. Bayne (eds.), Foreign Investment, International Law and National Development (1975) 160-62.
107. Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia, A Report on Development Strategies for Papua New Guinea (1973).
108. J. Momis and J. Kaputin, "Call for Papua New Guinea Control of Bougainville Copper," Press Release (4 February 1974).
109. M. Faber, "Bougainville Renegotiated: An analysis of the new Fiscal Terms," Mining Magazine, December 1974;
110. S. Zorn," Renegotiating the Bougainville Copper Agreement," United Nations Centre on Trans-National Corporations, Training Seminar, New Delhi, April 1975.
111. J. Zorn, "Fighting Over Land," (1976) 4 Melanesian Law Journal 7.
112. M.T. Somare, "Law and the Needs of Papua New Guinea's People," in J. Zorn and P. Bayne (eds.), Lo Bilong 01 Manmeri: Crime, Compensation and Village Courts (Port Moresby, 1974) 14.
113. A.L. Epstein (ed.), Contention and Dispute (1974); on restoring harmony as the primary aim
114. A.L. Epstein, "Introduction," in Compensation and Village Courts., 20.
115. R.W. James, "Developments In Legal Education in the Faculty of Law, University of Papua New Guinea," (1975)
116. J. Momis, "Values for Involvement," (1975) 5 Catalyst No. 3, 3-18.
117. D. Denoon, "Papua New Guinea," (1975) Australian Journal of Politics and History 435, 436-37, 442.
118. H. Johnson, Economic Strategies Toward Less Developed Countries (1963).