Domestic-international linkages: India and the comprehensive test ban treaty

Nonproliferation Review

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 25-38

  Mistry, Dinshaw ^a  

^a BROOKINGS INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010506525     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736709808436733     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Statement by India on June 20,1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India on Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) 1993-1996 (New Delhi: Ministry ofEx- temal Affairs, 1996), p. 105.
2. Statement by India on September 10, 1996, at the United Nations, in Statements by India, p. 144.
3. Robert Putnam, “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games,” International Organization 42 (Summer 1988), pp. 427-60.
4. These themes are discussed in Jack Snyder, “International Leverage on Soviet Domestic Change,” World Politics 42 (October 1989), pp. 1-30.
5. Peter Gourevitch, “The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics,” International Organization 32 (Autumn 1978), pp. 881-911.
6. Etel Solingen, “The Political Economy of Nuclear Restraint,” International Security 19 (Fall 1994), pp. 126-69.
7. Conference on Disarmament Document CD 1238, January 25, 1994.
8. “Principles And Objectives For Nuclear NonProliferation And Disarmament,” May 1995 (http://www.acda.gov/decision.htm).
9. “Statement by the Indian Prime Minister to Parliament Regarding Nuclear Tests, April 2, 1954,” Documents on Disarmament 1945-59 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, August 1960), pp. 408-11.
10. “Delhi Declaration by the Leaders of Six Nations, January 28, 1985,” Documents on Disar-mament 1985 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1985), pp. 3536.
11. P. R. Chari, “FMCT: issues in contention,” The Hindu, March 4, 1997, p. 12.
12. Rebecca Johnson, Acronym Booklet No. 2: A Comprehensive Test Ban: Setback for an Early Treaty (May 1994).
13. Statement by India on July 29, 1993, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 3.
14. Statement by India on June 2, 1994, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 12.
15. Statement by India on September 1, 1994, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 20.
16. Rebecca Johnson, Acronym Booklet No. 3: A Comprehensive Test Ban: Disappointing Progress (September 1994).
17. Statement by India on June 2, 1994, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, pp. 11-12.
18. Statement by India on June 2, 1994, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 14.
19. Statement by India on September 1, 1994, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 23.
20. Statement by India on April 6, 1995, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 35.
21. Conference on Disarmament Document CD/PV.705, April 6, 1995, pp. 32-33.
22. Statement by India on October 26, 1995, at the United Nations, in Statements by India, p. 78.
23. Statement by India on October 18, 1995, at the Non-Aligned Summit in Cartegena, Colombia, in Statements by India, p. 71.
24. Statement by India on September 21, 1995, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, pp. 50-51.
25. Arundhati Ghose, “The CTBT and Nuclear Disarmament—The Indian View,” Journal of International Affairs 51 (Summer 1997), p. 252.
26. Statement by India on January 25, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 92.
27. Statement by India on March 21, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 99.
28. Disarmament Diplomacy 5 (May 1996).
29. CTBT Organization web site (http://www.ctbto.org).
30. Statement by India on June 20, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 103.
31. Statement by India on August 20, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 126.
32. Statement by India on March 21, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 98.
33. Statement by India on June 20, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, pp. 104-5.
34. Statement by India on August 8, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 121.
35. Statement by India on August 20, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, p. 127.
36. Statement by India on August 8, 1996, at the Conference on Disarmament, in Statements by India, pp. 121-22.
37. Conference on Disarmament Document CD 1436, “Report of the Conference on Disarmament to the General Assembly of the United Nations,” September 12, 1996, p. 23 [hereafter, CD 1436].
38. “India Blocks Consensus on CTB, Treaty May Still Go to UN,” Arms Control Today 26 (August 1996), p. 31.
39. “US Secretary of State Warren Christopher’s letter and the External Affairs Minister I. K. Gujral’s reply,” in T.T. Poulose, CTBT and the Rise of Nuclear Nationalism in India (New Delhi: Lancer, 1996), p. 296.
40. Statement by India on September 9, 1996, at the United Nations, in Statements by India, p. 139.
41. These four sources are somewhat similar to what one writer describes as “the four comers of the iron quadrangle” that opposes arms control in the United States (John Isaacs, “Spinning to the Right,” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 53 [November-December 1997], pp. 14-15).
42. This view is reflected in an op-ed which noted that the disarmament-related “stand taken by India on the CTBT is a classic example of the traditional Indian approach to security issues, namely, make a grand symbolic gesture meaningless in its content but one which gets substantial domestic acclaim and accolades.” It ended with the comment that if India were not going to conduct nuclear tests, then “not signing the CTBT gains India nothing except an interim period in which it loses by bearing the costs of isolation.” See “Why India Should Sign The CTBT,” The Times of India, June 26, 1996.
43. “After Agni, What?” Patriot, June 1,1992, p. 4.
44. “Prithvi in the Fridge?” Indian Express, March 31, 1995, p. 8.
45. K. Subrahmanyam, “India’s No to Observer at NPT Extension Conference,” The Times of India, January 26, 1995, in FBIS-NES (27 January 1995), p. 56
46. “The Nuclear Arsenal Increases Despite the NPT,” Navbharat Times, April 15, 1995, p. 1, in FBIS-NES (18 April 1995), p. 61.
47. “Atoms of Hypocrisy,” The Pioneer, April 11, 1995, p. 8.
48. “What Is Wrong with India’s Nuclear Policy,” The Pioneer, April 16, 1995, p. 7, in FBIS-NES (18 April 1995), p. 62.
49. “Ministers Assure Parliament on NPT, US Talks,” and “Congress-I Spokesman Comments on NPT,” in FBIS-NES (29 April 1994), p. 50.
50. “US Faces No-Win Situation at NPT Meet,” Indian Express, March 1, 1995, pp. 1-3, in FBIS- NES (1 March 1995), p. 54.
51. “A mockery of NPT,” The Pioneer, May 17, 1995, p. 8, in FBIS-NES (18 May 1995), p. 55.
52. All India Radio, June 25, 1995, in FBIS-NES (27 June 1995), p. 47.
53. Amitabh Mattoo, “India’s Nuclear Status Quo,”. Survival 38 (Autumn 1996), p. 47.
54. Jagat Mehta and 27 others, “Sign the CTBT,” The Times of India, July 19, 1996.
55. K. Sundarji, “India’s post-CTBT strategy,” The Hindu, September 30, 1996.
56. The Times of India, August 2, 1996.
57. Indian Express, September 12, 1996.
58. The Hindu, July 23, 1996.
59. The Times of India, August 12, 1996.
60. Disarmament Diplomacy 5 (May 1996).
61. Disarmament Diplomacy 6 (June 1996).
62. On the nuclear test preparations, see Vipin Gupta and Frank Pabian, “Investigating the Al-legations of Indian Nuclear Test Preparations in the Rajasthan Desert,” Science and GlobalSecu-rity no.6 (1997), p. 149.
63. W. P. S. Siddhu, “India’s Nuclear Tests: Technical and Military Imperatives,” Jane’s Intelligence Review (April 1996), pp. 170-173.
64. “IB Plays Impostor, Writes Letters Using Your Name,” Indian Express, July 25, 1997.
65. “Avoid hasty decision on nuclear policy,” Hindustan Times, April 9, 1998.
66. Statement by Inder Gujral on September 11, 1996, in the Indian Parliament, in Interviews and Statements by Minister of External Affairs Shri Inder Kumar Gujral on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs, undated), p. 42.
67. David Cortright and Amitabh Mattoo, India and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options (Notre Dame, Ind,: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996).
68. Press Release from the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi, May 11, 1998 (http://www.meadev.gov.in/news/official/19980511/official.htm).
69. “The Address of the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee to the 53rd UN General Assembly on September 24, 1998” (http://www.indianembassy.org/new/pmspeech(UN).htm).