Distributive Justice and International Trade

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 175-204

  Kapstein, Ethan B ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85010292406     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00334.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. For a classic statement of the utilitarian position with respect to trade theory, see James Meade, The Theory of International Economic Policy, Trade And Welfare (New York: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 5.
2. Cited in Daniel M. Hausman and Michael S. McPherson, Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 95–96.
3. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 3.
4. Meade, The Theory of International Economic Policy, Trade And Welfare, p. 5.
5. Charles R. Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979)
6. Thomas W. Pogge, Realizing Rawls (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989).
7. Stephen D. Krasner, Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), p. 12.
8. Tsidi M. Tsikata, Aid Effectiveness: A Survey of the Recent Empirical Literature (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1998), p. 5.
9. Dani Rodrik, What Does the Political Economy Literature on Trade Policy (Not) Tell Us That We Ought to Know? (Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994), p. 34.
10. Peter A. Hall, “The Role of Interests, Institutions, and Ideas in the Comparative Political Economy of the Industrialized Nations,” in Mark Irving Lichbach and Alan S. Zuckerman, eds., Comparative Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 195.
11. John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy (New York: Penguin, 1970, orig. 1848), book II, chap. 1, p. 350.
12. For a review of utilitarian doctrine, see Anthony Ellis, “Utilitarianism and International Ethics,” in Terry Nardin and David R. Mapel, eds., Traditions of International Ethics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
13. The example is drawn from Nicholas Rescher, Distributive Justice (Pittsburgh: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966), p. 26.
14. Lawrence Ball and N. Gregory Mankiw, What Do Budget Deficits Dof (Harvard University, 1996, photocopy), p. 108.
15. Hausman and McPherson, Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy, p. 96.
16. Arthur Okun, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973), pp. 91–95.
17. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974).
18. Amartya Sen, On Ethics and Economics (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987), p. 32.
19. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, p. 7.
20. John Rawls, “The Law of Peoples,” in Stephen Shute and Susan Hurley, eds., On Human Rights (New York: Basic Books, 1993).
21. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, p. 321.
22. A Theory of Justice, p. 60.
23. A Theory of Justice, p. 328.
24. Edward Hallett Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (New York: Harper & Row, 1964), p. 146.
25. Stanley Hoffmann, Duties Beyond Borders (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981), p. 141.
26. Michael W. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997), pp. 422–23.
27. United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 1997 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
28. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, p. 423.
29. For an excellent recent overview, see Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, pp. 423–36.
30. World Bank, World Development Report 1997 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 12.
31. Lawrence H. Summers, “The Global Economic Situation and the United States pproach” (United States Office of Public Affairs, October 1, 1998).
32. World Bank, World Development Report 1997.
33. World Bank, World Development Report 1990 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 126.
34. Anne O. Krueger, Trade Policies and Developing Nations (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995), p. 45.
35. Rawts, A Theory of Justice, p. 14.
36. Robert M. Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation (New York: Basic Books, 1984)
37. Elinor Ostrom, James Walker, and Roy Gardner, “Covenants With and Without a Sword,” American Political Science Review 86 (June 1992), pp. 404–17.
38. Cited in Douglas A. Irwin, An lntellectural History of Free Trade (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 83.
39. Meade, The Theory of International Economic Policy, Trade And Welfare, p. 282.
40. Ellis, “Utilitarianism and International Ethics.”
41. G. K. Helleiner, The New Global Economy and the Developing Countries (Brookfield, Vt.: Edward Elgar, 1990), pp. 51–52.
42. J. David Richardson, “The New Political Economy of Trade Policy,” in Paul R. Krugman, ed., Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986), p. 272.
43. Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics, p. 274.
44. Robert O. Keohane, “Reciprocity in International Relations,” International Organization 40, 1 (1986), p. 8.
45. Keohane, “Reciprocity in International Relations,” p. 7.
46. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pp. 102–3.
47. On this point see J. David Richardson, “Trade Policy,” in Martin Feldstein, ed., International Economic Cooperation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), p. 172.
48. Cited in Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), p. 77.
49. H. W. Arndt, Essays in International Economics 1944–1994 (Brookfield, Vt.: Avebury, 1996), p. 303.
50. Jock A. Finlayson and Mark W. Zacher, “The GATT and the Regulation of Trade Barriers: Regime Dynamics and Functions,” in Stephen D. Krasner, ed., International Regimes (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983), p. 287.
51. Richardson, “The New Political Economy of Trade Policy,” p. 172.
52. Stephan Haggard, Developing Nations and the Politics of Global Integration (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995). Haggard emphasizes the growing divisions within “South.”
53. Cited in Krueger Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p. 45.
54. Tsikata, Aid Effectiveness, p. 5.
55. Stephen D. Krasner, Structural Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
56. Bernard Hoekman and Michel Kostecki, The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 27.
57. Cited in T. N. Srinivasan, Developing Countries and the Multilateral Trading System (Boulder: Westview Press, 1998), p. 21.
58. John P. Lewis, “Oil, Other Scarcities, and the Poor Countries,” World Politics 27 (1974), p. 66.
59. Cited in H. W. Arndt, Economic Development: The History of an Idea (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), p. 51.
60. Nigel Grimwade, International Trade Policy: A Contemporary Analysis (New York: Routledge, 1996), pp. 152–53
61. Arndt, Economic Development, pp. 72–75
62. Krueger, Trade Policies and Developing Nations, pp. 7–8.
63. Gerald M. Meier, International Trade and Development (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), pp. 175ff.
64. Arndt, Economic Development, p. 76.
65. Grim wade, International Trade Policy, pp. 154–55
66. Arndt, Economic Development, pp. 77–87.
67. Srinivasan, Developing Countries and the Multilateral Trading System, p. 23
68. Arndt, Economic Development, pp. 77–78.
69. Arndt, Economic Development, p. 78.
70. Sidney Dell, “The Origins of UNCTAD,” in Michael Zammit Cutajar, ed., UNCTAD and the South-North Dialogue: The First Twenty Years (New York: Pergamon Press, 1985), pp. 10–26.
71. R. Krishnamurti, “UNCTAD as a Negotiating Instrument on Trade Policy: The UNCTAD-GATT Relationship,” in Cutajar, ed., UNCTAD and the South-North Dialogue, pp. 46–48.
72. Arndt, Economic Development, p. 78.
73. Grimwade, International Trade Policy, p. 162.
74. Krueger, Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p. 40.
75. Srinivasan, Developing Countries and the Multilateral Trading System, p. 26.
76. Krueger, Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p.40
77. Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p. 43.
78. Grimwade, International Trade Policy, p. 166.
79. Haggard, Developing Nations, p. 44.
80. World Trade Organization, “The Uruguay Round,” http:llwww.wto.org/wtolaboutlfactsS.html (1994).
81. Glenn W. Harrison, Thomas F. Rutherford, and David G. Tarr, “Quantifying the Uruguay Round,” in Will Martin and L. Alan Winters, eds., The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995), p. 242.
82. John Whalley and Colleen Hamilton, The Trading System after the Uruguay Round (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1998), pp. 62–63.
83. World Trade Organization, “The Uruguay Round,” p. 6.
84. Cited in Krueger, Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p. 105.
85. Cited in Trade Policies and Developing Nations, p. 107.
86. Grimwade, International Trade Policy, p. 189.
87. Bernard Hoekman and Michel Kostecki, The Political Economy of the World Trading System, p. 241.
88. “Survey of World Trade,” The Economist, October 3, 1998, pp. 37–38.
89. For a good overview, see Kym Anderson, “The Entwining of Trade Policy,” in Will L. Martin and L. Alan Winters, eds., The Uruguay Round and the Developing Economies, pp. 435–56.