The British Union of fascists and the olympia debate

The Historical Journal

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 529-542

  Pugh, Martin ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010145094     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X98007857     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. This view was expressed in the ‘Report on the fascist movement in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland’, 1 Aug. 1934, Public Record Office (PRO) HO 144 20/42/108.
2. See the accounts in Robert Skidelsky, Politicians and the slump (London, 1967)
3. Philip Williamson, National crisis and National Government (Oxford, 1992)
4. Stuart Ball, Baldwin and the Conservative party; the crisis of 1929–1931 (London, 1988)
5. Andrew Thorpe, The British general election of 1931 (Oxford, 1991).
6. As reported in the Times, 25 Jan. 1933, p. 7.
7. Sunday Dispatch, 22 Apr. 1934.
8. Times, 23 Apr. 1934, p. 16.
9. News Chronicle, 9 June 1934.
10. Times, 8 June 1934, p. 14.
11. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 290, 14 June 1934, col. 1936.
12. C. Cross, The fascists in Britain (London, 1961), p. 116.
13. R. Benewick, The fascist movement in Britain (London, 1969), pp. 169, 172–4.
14. R. Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley (London, 1975), p. 378.
15. R. Griffiths, Fellow travellers of the right (London, 1980), pp. 57–8, 105.
16. Stuart Rawnsley in K. Lunn and R. Thurlow, eds., British fascism (London, 1980), pp. 157–8
17. D. S. Lewis, Illusions of grandeur: Mosley, fascism and British society, 1931–1981 (London, 1987) pp. 66, 121–2
18. R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: a History, 1918–1987 (London, 1987), pp. 101–103.
19. Commons Debates, 14June 1934,cols. 1914, 1918.
20. See Stuart Rawnsley, ‘The membership of the British Union of Fascists’, in Lunn and Thurlow, eds., British fascism (London, 1980)
21. G. C. Webber, ‘Patterns of membership and support for the British Union of Fascists’, Journal of Contemporary History, 19 (1984).
22. Daily Telegraph, 13 June 1934, p. 15.
23. Commons Debates, 14 June 1934, cols. 1918–1919.
24. Commons Debates, cols. 1943, 2002, 2028, 2011 -12, 2039–40, 2983.
25. Commons Debates, col. 2038.
26. Interestingly, this was echoed by Clement Attlee, who claimed to have been the victim of communist disruption at his meetings, c. 1927–1935.
27. Commons Debates, col. 1952.
28. Commons Debates, col. 2038.
29. ‘Report on the fascist movement in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland’, 1 Aug. 1934, PRO HO 144/20142/108.
30. Commons Debates, 14 June 1934, cols. 1943–1944, 1984.
31. Daily Telegraph, 15 June 1934, p. 12.
32. Commons Debates, 14 June 1934, cols. 1984, 2036.
33. Commons Debates, cols. 1940, 2018, 2032.
34. Commons Debates, col. 1952.
35. Commons Debates, col. 2011.
36. Commons Debates, cols. 2036–2037.
37. Several of these MPs were listed in the ‘Report to the home secretary by the commissioner of police in the metropolis’, 1 May 1934, PRO HO 144/20140/117.
38. For further information on Tories in fascist front organizations see Simon Haxey, Tory MP (London, 1939)
39. R. Griffiths, Fellow travellers of the right (London, 1980).
40. Commons Debates, 14 June 1934, col. 1940.
41. Daily Mail, 25 Apr. 1934.
42. For typical examples see Sunday Dispatch, 21 Jan. 1934, 18 Feb. 1934, 22 Apr. 1934, 13 May 1934.
43. Daily Mail, 2 and 6 July 1934.
44. Lord Rothermere to Oswald Mosley, 14 July 1934, in Daily Mail, 19 July 1934.
45. Oswald Mosley to Lord Rothermere, 12 July 1934, in Daily Mail, 19 July 1934.
46. Sunday Dispatch, 17 June 1934, p. 19.
47. The collection of press cuttings on Mosley's speeches held by the National Museum of Labour History archive in Manchester underlines the extent to which he continued to command attention after June 1934.
48. Oswald Mosley, My life (London, 1968) pp. 275–6, 288.
49. Daily Express, 8 June 1934.
50. Manchester Guardian, 14 Apr. 1934.
51. Manchester Guardian, 23 Apr. 1934.
52. News Chronicle, 8 June 1934
53. for post-Olympia comment see the Manchester Guardian, 8 June 1934, and the editorial, 9 June 1934.
54. Times, 22 Jan. 1934, p. 14.
55. Morning Post, 3 May 1934.
56. Morning Post, 25 May 1934.
57. Daily Telegraph, 8 June 1934, p. 13.
58. Daily Telegraph, 11 June 1934, p. 12.
59. Times, 8 June 1934, p. 15.
60. Times, 8 June 1934, p. 14.
61. Morning Post, 13 June 1934.
62. Daily Telegraph, 18 June 1934, p. 7.
63. Morning Post, 12 June 1934, p. 8.
64. See Morning Post, 22–4 Oct. 1934.
65. Commons Debates, 9 Apr. 1934,col. 15.
66. Daily Express, 15 June 1934.
67. Commons Debates, 14 June 1934, cols. 1971–2.
68. Cuthbert Headlam diary, 14 June 1934 (Durham County Record office (CRO), D/He/30).
69. According to the ‘ Report on the fascist movement in the United Kingdom including Northern Ireland’, 1 Aug. 1934, PRO HO 144/20142/108.
70. Memorandum by John Strachey, 20 Sept. 1934, Cripps papers (Nuffield College, Oxford), 553/A.
71. Daily Express, 8 June 1934, p. 3
72. Times, 8 June 1934, p. 1.
73. ‘The Fascist movement in the United Kingdom’, report no. 111, PRO HO 144/20142/215.
74. See reports in the Times, 13 June 1934 (Shrewsbury), 29 June 1934 (Sheffield), 2 July 1934 (Swansea).
75. Times, 9 July 1934 (Ipswich); PRO HO 144/20142/98 (Southport).
76. Times, 29 Oct. 1934, 25 Mar. 1934, 15 Apr. 1935.
77. Times, 27 May 1935, p. 16.
78. Daily Telegraph, 22 June 1934
79. Sunday Dispatch, 24 June 1934.
80. Robert Campbell to the duchess of Atholl, 10 May 1938, Atholl papers (Blair Castle) 95/2.