The Space of Africville: Creating, Regulating and Remembering the Urban ‘Slum’

Canadian Journal of Law and Society

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 163-185

  Nelson, Jennifer J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010145062     PISSN: 08293201     EISSN: 19110227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0829320100006402     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. G. Stephenson, A Redevelopment Study of Halifax, Nova Scotia (Halifax: Corporation of the City of Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1957) at 27–28
2. D. Sibley, Outsiders in Urban Societies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1981) at 34.
3. Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue canadienne droit et société, 2000, Volume 15, no. 2, pp. 163–185.
4. L. Johnson, “Occupying the suburban frontier: accomodating difference on Melbourne's urban fringe” in A. Blunt & G. Rose, eds., Writing Women and Space: Colonial and Postcolonial Geographies (New York: Guilford Press, 1994) 141 at 146.
5. For early historical information I have relied on: Africville Genealogical Society, eds. The Spirit of Africville (Halifax: Formac, 1992);
6. D. H. Clairmont & D.W. Magill, Africville Relocation Report. (Halifax: Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University, 1971) [hereinafter Africville Relocation Report.];
7. D. H. Clairmont & D.W. Magill, Africville: The Life and Death of a Canadian Black Community (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974);
8. D.H. Clairmont & D.W. Magill, Africville: The Life and Death of a Canadian Black Community, 3rd ed. (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1999);
9. F. Henry, Forgotten Canadians: The Blacks of Nova Scotia (Don Mills, Ontario: Longman Canada Limited, 1973).
10. For documentation of relocation, see Clairmont & Magill; Africville Genealogical Society, The Blacks of Nova Scotia 4.
11. Letter of R.J. Britton, Director of Social Planning for the City of Halifax, to Halifax City Council (28 October, 1994).
12. Housing purchase prices are listed in this letter. The amounts city council claims to have paid are seen as inaccurate by some Africville activists with whom I have spoken. There have been accusations of bribery, in which city officials are alleged to have offered residents suitcases of cash in exchange for their eviction. See J. Robson, “Last Africville Resident” The [Halifax] Mail Star (12 January 1970) 5.
13. D. Goldberg, Racist Culture (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) at 191–192.
14. H. Lefebvre, “The Production of Space (Extracts)” in N. Leach, ed. Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory (London: Routledge, 1997) 139 at 140.
15. B. Hesse, “Black to Front and Black Again” in M. Keith & S. Pile, Place and the Politics of Identity (London: Routledge, 1993) 162 at 175.
16. H. Lefebvre, “Reflections on the Politics of Space” (1976) 8 Antipode 30 at 31.
17. C. R. Saunders et al., “A Visit to Africville” in Africville Genealogical Society, eds. The Spirit of Africville (Halifax: Formac, 1992) 15 at 33.
18. See D. Goldberg, The Spirit of Africville 7;
19. D. Sibley, “Racism and settlement policy: the state's response to a semi-nomadic minority” in P. Jackson, ed. Race and Racism: Essays in Social Geography (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987) at 74;
20. D. Sibley, Geographies of Exclusion (London: Routledge, 1995). [hereinafter Geographies of Exclusion];
21. P. Stallybrass & A. White, The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986);
22. E. Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage, 1993).
23. P. Marcuse, “Not Chaos, but Walls: Postmodernism and the Partitioned City” in S. Watson & K. Gibson, eds. Postmodern Cities and Spaces (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1995) 243.
24. S. Razack, “Race, Space and Prostitution” (1998) 10 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 338.
25. Reports of some bootlegging in Africville are cited in Africville Relocation Report, Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 4.
26. Sibley, Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 2.
27. S. Kawash, “The Homeless Body” (1998) 10 Public Culture 319.
28. D. Goldberg, Public Culture 7 at 190.
29. See K. Anderson. Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980 (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1991).
30. D. Goldberg, Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 7 at 198.
31. Sibley, Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada,. 2.
32. C. R. Saunders, “Relocation and Its Aftermath: A Journey Behind the Headlines” Africville Genealogical Society et al, eds., Africville: A Spirit that Lives on (Halifax: The Art Gallery, Mount Saint Vincent University, et al, 1989) 16 at 17.
33. Many references to the city's intended desegregation are made in all the cited works by Clairmont & Magill, Africville: A Spirit that Lives 4;
34. see also R.J. Britton, Africville: A Spirit that Lives 6.
35. R. Simon, “The Touch of the Past: The Pedagogical Significance of a Transactional Sphere of Public Memory” in P. Trifonas, ed., Revolutionary Pedagogies: Cultural Politics, Education, and the Discourse of Theory (New York: Routledge, 2000) 61.
36. D. Goldberg, Revolutionary Pedagogies: Cultural Politics, Education, and the Discourse of Theory 7 at 204.
37. S. Razack, “Gendered Racial Violence and Spatialized Justice: The Murder of Pamela George” (2000) (in this issue of CJLS/RCDS).
38. S. Razack, Looking White People in the Eye: Gender, Race and Culture in Courtrooms and Classrooms (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998) at 40.
39. R.J. Britton, Gender, Race and Culture in Courtrooms and Classrooms 6, at 2.
40. Gender, Race and Culture in Courtrooms and Classrooms, at 5.
41. R. Thompson Ford, “The Boundaries of Race: Political Geography in Legal Analysis” (1994) 107 Harvard Law Review 1843.
42. Goldberg, Harvard Law Review 7.
43. D.H. Clairmont & D.W. Magill, Africville Relocation Report (Halifax: Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University, 1971).
44. Goldberg, Africville Relocation Report 7 at 204–205.
45. M. Tynes, Woman Talking Woman (Porter's Lake: Pottersfield Press, 1990) at 61.
46. D. Harvey, Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1996).
47. K. Kirby, “Re: Mapping Subjectivity: Cartographic vision and the limits of politics” in N. Duncan, ed., Bodyspace: destabilizing geographies of gender and sexuality
48. L. MacLean, “Seaview officially opens” The [Halifax] Mail Star (24 June 1985).
49. J. Jacobs, “Resisting Reconciliation: the secret geographies of (post)colonial Australia” in S. Pile. & M. Keith, eds., Geographies of Resistance (London: Routledge, 1997) 203 at 206–208.
50. Lefebvre, Geographies of Resistance 8 at 140.
51. M. Lightstone, “Africville showdown brewing” The Halifax Daily News (12 February 1995).
52. C. MacKeen, “City responds to protest over Seaview Park land” The Halifax Chronicle Herald (12 May 1995).
53. T.L. Paynter, “City gives Carverys the boot” North End News (24 March 1995).
54. M. Lightstone, “Mayor: ‘No racism in this’” The Halifax Daily News (25 March 1995).
55. C. McKeen, “Get out, protesters warned” The [Halifax] Chronicle Herald (17 May 1995) A1.
56. Lightstone, Chronicle Herald 46.
57. Geographies of Exclusion, Chronicle Herald 13.
58. See B. Lawrence, “Real” Indians and others: mixed-race urban Native people, the Indian Act, and the rebuilding of Indigenous nations (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1999) [unpublished].