Women Lawyers and Their Working Arrangements: Time Crunch, Stress and Career Paths

Canadian Journal of Law and Society

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 117-134

  Leiper, Jean Mckenzie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010134643     PISSN: 08293201     EISSN: 19110227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0829320100005767     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. See J. Schor, The Overworked American (New York: Basic, 1991)
2. M. Neal etal., Balancing Work and Care Giving for Children, Adults, and Elders (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993)
3. A. Scharlach, “Caregiving and Employment: Competing or Complementary Roles?” (1994) 34 The Gerontologist 378.
4. See K. Daley, Families & Time: Keeping Pace in a Hurried Culture (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996)
5. A. Russell Hochschild, The Time Bind (New York: Harry Holt, 1997)
6. J. Read, “Your Life on a Computer Screen” (1998) Your Life on a Computer Screen Information Page
7. “Sally Forth Comics” The [Toronto] Globe and Mail (13 May 1998) C6
8. The [Toronto] Globe and Mail. (14 May 1998) D6
9. The [Toronto] Globe and Mail. (15 May 1998) D10
10. T. Goetz (1998) “Relaxation on the Run” The [Toronto] Globe and Mail (24 June 1998) C7 [reprinted from the Wall Street Journal, Newark, NJ].
11. See J. Pahl & R. Pahl, Managers and Their Wives (Baltimore: Penguin, 1971)
12. H. Papanek, “Men, Women, and Work: Reflections on the Two-Person Career” in J. Huber, ed., Changing Women in a Changing Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973) 90
13. R. Abelda, Glass Ceilings and Bottomless Pits: Women, Income and Poverty in Massachusetts (Boston: Women's Statewide Legislation Network, 1994).
14. P. Sorokin, Sociocultural Causality, Space, Time (New York: Russell & Russell, 1943) at 158.
15. E. Hall, The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1989).
16. See H. Wilensky, “Orderly Careers and Social Participation: The Impact of Work History on Social Integration in the Middle Mass” (1961) 26 American Sociological Review 521
17. P. Doeringer & M. Piore, Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1971)
18. G. Becker, Human Capital (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964)
19. G. Becker, “Human Capital, Effort and the Sexual Division of Labour” (1985) 3 Journal of Labor Economics [supplement] S33
20. J. Rosenbaum, “Organization Career Systems and Employee Misperceptions” in M. Arthur, D. Hall & B. Lawrence, eds., Handbook of Career Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) 329
21. W. Bryant, “Human Capital, Time Use, and Other Family Behavior” (1992) 13 Journal of Family and Economic Issues 395.
22. See J. Robinson, “Your Money or Your Time” (1991) 13:11 American Demographics 22.
23. See J. Frederick, “Are You Time Crunched?” (1993) 31 Canadian Social Trends 6.
24. Robinson, Canadian Social Trends 7.
25. Canadian Social Trends.
26. J. Fast & J. Frederick, “Working Arrangements and Time Stress” (1996) 43 Canadian Social Trends 17.
27. C. Lee, L. Duxbury & C. Higgins, Employed Mothers: Balancing Work and Family Life (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Management Development, 1994) at 10.
28. Canadian Social Trends, at 24.
29. Canadian Social Trends, at 19.
30. Canadian Social Trends, at 11.
31. Canadian Social Trends, at 28.
32. For more information on regression analysis, see J. Fox, Applied Regression Analysis, Linear Models, and Related Methods (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997).
33. For more information on the design of the 1994 and 1996 studies, see J. McKenzie Leiper, “It Was Like ‘Wow!’: The Experience of Women Lawyers in a Profession Marked by Linear Careers” (1997) 9 C.J.W.L. at 115.
34. Robinson, “It Was Like ‘Wow!’: The Experience of Women Lawyers in a Profession Marked by Linear Careers” 7.
35. Frederick, “It Was Like ‘Wow!’: The Experience of Women Lawyers in a Profession Marked by Linear Careers” 8.
36. Lee, Duxbury & Higgins, “It Was Like ‘Wow!’: The Experience of Women Lawyers in a Profession Marked by Linear Careers” 12. The main time management question was “[d]o you feel that there are enough hours in the day to accomplish everything you have to do?”
37. Lee, Duxbury & Higgins, “It Was Like ‘Wow!’: The Experience of Women Lawyers in a Profession Marked by Linear Careers” 12.
38. See J. Seidel, R. Kjolseth & E. Seymour, The Ethnograph: A User's Guide (Corvalis, OR: Qualis Research Associates, 1988).
39. See McKenzie Leiper The Ethnograph: A User's Guide 19 for more detail on the attitudes of senior male partners to pregnancy and the practice of law.
40. See also F. Kay & J. Hagan, “Raising the Bar: The Gender Stratification of Law-Firm Capital” (1998) 63 American Sociological Review 728.
41. Human Capital, 1964, American Sociological Review 6.
42. Sorokin, American Sociological Review 4.
43. Hall, American Sociological Review 5.
44. American Sociological Review, at 52.
45. J. Marshall, “Re-visioning Career Concepts” in Arthur, Hall & Lawrence, eds., American Sociological Review 6, 275.
46. J. Gallos, “Exploring Women's Development: Implications of Career Theory, Practice, and Research” in Arthur, Hall & Lawrence eds., American Sociological Review., 110.