MIX: A mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 935-963

  Li, Meng ^a   Zhang, Qiang ^a,j   Kurokawa, Jun Ichi ^b   Woo, Jung Hun ^c   He, Kebin ^a,i,j   Lu, Zifeng ^d   Ohara, Toshimasa ^e   Song, Yu ^f   Streets, David G ^d   Carmichael, Gregory R ^g   Cheng, Yafang ^h   Hong, Chaopeng ^a   Huo, Hong ^a   Jiang, Xujia ^a   Kang, Sicong ^a   Liu, Fei ^a   Su, Hang ^h   Zheng, Bo ^a  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center   (Japan)

^c Konkuk University   (South Korea)

^d ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES   (Japan)

^f PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^g UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^h MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

ⁱ STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEY LABORATORY OF SOURCES AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION COMPLEX   (China)

^j Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees   (China)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EMISSION INVENTORY; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

ASIA;

EID: 85010030666     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-935-2017     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Adhikary, B., Carmichael, G. R., Kulkarni, S., Wei, C., Tang, Y., D'Allura, A., Mena-Carrasco, M., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Pierce, R. B., Al-Saadi, J. A., Emmons, L. K., Pfister, G. G., Avery, M. A., Barrick, J. D., Blake, D. R., Brune, W. H., Cohen, R. C., Dibb, J. E., Fried, A., Heikes, B. G., Huey, L. G., O'Sullivan, D. W., Sachse, G. W., Shetter, R. E., Singh, H. B., Campos, T. L., Cantrell, C. A., Flocke, F. M., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Weinheimer, A. J., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Schauer, J. J., Stone, E. A., Jaffe, D. A., and Reidmiller, D. R.: A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2091-2115, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2091-2010, 2010.
2. 2 columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9415-9438, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9415-2013, 2013.
3. Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J. H., and Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/2003jd003697, 2004.
4. Carmichael, G. R., Calori, G., Hayami, H., Uno, I., Cho, S. Y., Engardt, M., Kim, S. B., Ichikawa, Y., Ikeda, Y., Woo, J. H., Ueda, H., and Amann, M.: The MICS-Asia study: model intercomparison of long-range transport and sulfur deposition in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 36, 175-199, 2002.
5. Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y., Kurata, G., Uno, I., Streets, D., Woo, J. H., Huang, H., Yienger, J., Lefer, B., Shetter, R., Blake, D., Atlas, E., Fried, A., Apel, E., Eisele, F., Cantrell, C., Avery, M., Barrick, J., Sachse, G., Brune, W., Sandholm, S., Kondo, Y., Singh, H., Talbot, R., Bandy, A., Thorton, D., Clarke, A., and Heikes, B.: Regional-scale chemical transport modeling in support of the analysis of observations obtained during the TRACE-P experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8823, doi:10.1029/2002JD003117, 2003.
6. Carmichael, G. R., Sakurai, T., Streets, D., Hozumi, Y., Ueda, H., Park, S. U., Fung, C., Han, Z., Kajino, M., Engardt, M., Bennet, C., Hayami, H., Sartelet, K., Holloway, T., Wang, Z., Kannari, A., Fu, J., Matsuda, K., Thongbooncho, N., and Amann, M.: MICS-Asia II: The model intercomparison study for Asia Phase II methodology and overview of findings, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3468-3490, 2008.
7. Carter, W. P. L.: Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for VOC reactivity assessment, report to the California Air Resources Board, available at: http://www.engr.ucr.edu/~carter/reactdat.htm (last access: October 2013), 2000.
8. Carter, W. P. L.: Development of an improved chemical speciation database for processing emissions of volatile organic compounds for air quality models, report available at: http://www.engr.ucr.edu/~carter/emitdb/ (last access: November 2013), 2013.
9. EC-JRC/PBL (European Commission, Joint Research Center/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2, available at: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu (last access: June 2015), 2011.
10. Fortems-Cheiney, A., Chevallier, F., Pison, I., Bousquet, P., Szopa, S., Deeter, M. N., and Clerbaux, C.: Ten years of CO emissions as seen from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05304, doi:10.1029/2010JD014416, 2011.
11. x emissions for India: assessment of inventories and mitigation flexibility, Atmos. Environ., 35, 703-713, 2001.
12. Garg, A., Shukla, P. R., and Kapshe, M.: The sectoral trends of multigas emissions inventory of India, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4608-4620, 2006.
13. Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, A., Denier van der Gon, H., Frost, G., Heil, A., Kaiser, J., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Kloster, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara, T., Raut, J.-C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M., Smith, S., Thompson, A., van Aardenne, J., van der Werf, G., and van Vuuren, D.: Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109, 163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011.
14. Gu, D., Wang, Y. H., Smeltzer, C., and Liu, Z.: Reduction in NOx emission trends over China: regional and seasonal variations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 12912-12919, 2013.
15. Guan, D., Liu, Z., Geng, Y., Lindner, S., and Hubacek, K.: The gigatonne gap in China's carbon dioxide inventories, Nature Clim. Change, 2, 672-675, 2012.
16. Habib, G., Venkataraman, C., Shrivastava, M., Banerjee, R., Stehr, J. W., and Dickerson, R. R.: New methodology for estimating biofuel consumption for cooking: Atmospheric emissions of black carbon and sulfur dioxide from India, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3007, doi:10.1029/2003GB002157, 2004.
17. Han, Z., Sakurai, T., Ueda, H., Carmichael, G. R., Streets, D., Hayami, H., Wang, Z., Holloway, T., Engardt, M., Hozumi, Y., Park, S. U., Kajino, M., Sartelet, K., Fung, C., Bennet, C., Thongboonchoo, N., Tang, Y., Chang, A., Matsuda, K., and Amann, M.: MICS-Asia II: Model intercomparison and evaluation of ozone and relevant species, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3491-3509, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.031, 2008.
18. Hayami, H., Sakurai, T., Han, Z., Ueda, H., Carmichael, G. R., Streets, D., Holloway, T., Wang, Z., Thongboonchoo, N., Engardt, M., Bennet, C., Fung, C., Chang, A., Park, S. U., Kajino, M., Sartelet, K., Matsuda, K., and Amann, M.: MICSAsia II: Model intercomparison and evaluation of particulate sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3510-3527, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.057, 2008.
19. 2 over central east China during the past decade, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4865-4876, 2007.
20. Holloway, T., Sakurai, T., Han, Z., Ehlers, S., Spak, S. N., Horowitz, L. W., Carmichael, G. R., Streets, D. G., Hozumi, Y., Ueda, H., Park, S. U., Fung, C., Kajino, M., Thongboonchoo, N., Engardt, M., Bennet, C., Hayami, H., Sartelet, K., Wang, Z., Matsuda, K., and Amann, M.: MICS-Asia II: Impact of global emissions on regional air quality in Asia, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3543-3561, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.022, 2008.
21. Hong, C., Zhang, Q., He, K., Guan, D., Li, M., Liu, F., and Zheng, B.: Variations of China's emission estimates response to uncertainties in energy statistics, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2016-459, in review, 2016.
22. Hsu, Y. and Divita, F.: SPECIATE 4.2, speciation database development documentation, final report, EPA/600-R-09/-38, 2009.
23. Huang, X., Song, Y., Li, M., Li, J., Huo, Q., Cai, X., Zhu, T., Hu, M., and Zhang, H.: A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB1030, doi:10.1029/2011GB004161, 2012.
24. IEA (International Energy Agency): Energy balances of OECD countries and energy balances of non-OECD countries, CDROM, IEA, Paris, 2013.
25. 2 vertical column density over East Asia during the period 2000-2010: comparison with multisatellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3623-3635, doi:10.5194/acp-14-3623-2014, 2014.
26. Janssens-Maenhout, G., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Dentener, F., Muntean, M., Pouliot, G., Keating, T., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J., Wankmüller, R., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J. J. P., Klimont, Z., Frost, G., Darras, S., Koffi, B., and Li, M.: HTAP-v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11411-11432, doi:10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015, 2015.
27. JPEC (Japan Petroleum Energy Center): Emission inventory of road transport in Japan, JPEC Technical Report, JPEC-2011AQ-02-06, 136 pp., 2012a (in Japanese).
28. JPEC: Emission inventory of sources other than road transport in Japan, JPEC Technical Report, JPEC-2011AQ-02-07, 288 pp., 2012b (in Japanese).
29. JPEC: Speciation profiles of VOC, PM, and NOx emissions for atmospheric simulations of PM2.5, JPEC Technical Report, JPEC-2011AQ-02-08, 69 pp., 2012c (in Japanese).
30. Kannari, A., Tonooka, Y., Baba, T., and Murano, K.: Development of multiple-species 1 km × 1 km resolution hourly basis emissions inventory for Japan, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3428-3439, 2007.
31. Keller, C. A., Long, M. S., Yantosca, R. M., Da Silva, A. M., Pawson, S., and Jacob, D. J.: HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMFcompliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1409-1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014, 2014.
32. Klimont, Z.: Current and future emissions of ammonia in China, in: Proceedings of 10th International Emission Inventory Conference - "One Atmosphere, One Inventory, Many Challenges", Denver, US, 1-3 May, Sect. 1, 5, 2001.
33. Klimont, Z., Streets, D. G., Gupta, S., Cofala, J., Fu, L. X., and Ichikawa, Y.: Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1309-1322, doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00529-5, 2002.
34. 2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4605-4629, doi:10.5194/acp-16-4605-2016, 2016.
35. Kurokawa, J.-I., Yumimoto, K., Uno, I., and Ohara, T.: Adjoint inverse modeling of NOx emissions over eastern China using satellite observations of NO2 vertical column densities, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1878-1887, 2009.
36. Kurokawa, J., Ohara, T., Morikawa, T., Hanayama, S., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Fukui, T., Kawashima, K., and Akimoto, H.: Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases over Asian regions during 2000-2008: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11019-11058, doi:10.5194/acp-13-11019-2013, 2013.
37. Lee, D. G., Lee, Y.-M., Jang, K.-W., Yoo, C., Kang, K.-H., Lee, J.-H., Jung, S.-W., Park, J.-M., Lee, S.-B., Han, J.-S., Hong, J.- H., and Lee, S.-J.: Korean national emissions inventory system and 2007 air pollutant emissions, Asian J. Atmos. Environ., 5, 278-291, 2011.
38. Lei, Y., Zhang, Q., He, K. B., and Streets, D. G.: Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990-2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 931-954, doi:10.5194/acp-11-931-2011, 2011.
39. Li, C., Marufu, L. T., Dickerson, R. R., Li, Z., Wen, T., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Chen, H., and Stehr, J. W.: In situ measurements of trace gases and aerosol optical properties at a rural site in northern China during East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S04, doi:10.1029/2006JD007592, 2007.
40. Li, M., Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K. B., Cheng, Y. F., Emmons, L. K., Huo, H., Kang, S. C., Lu, Z., Shao, M., Su, H., Yu, X., and Zhang, Y.: Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5617-5638, doi:10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014, 2014.
41. Lin, J. T., Nielsen, C. P., Zhao, Y., Lei, Y., Liu, Y., and McElroy, M. B.: Recent changes in particulate air pollution over China observation from space and the ground: effectiveness of emission control, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 7771-7776, 2010.
42. Liu, F., Zhang, Q., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Li, M., Huo, H., and He, K. B.: High-resolution inventory of technologies, activities, and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13299-13317, doi:10.5194/acp-15-13299-2015, 2015.
43. Lu, Z. and Streets, D. G.: Increase in NOx Emissions from Indian Thermal Power Plants during 1996-2010: Unit-Based Inventories and Multisatellite Observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 7463-7470, doi:10.1021/es300831w, 2012.
44. Lu, Z., Zhang, Q., and Streets, D. G.: Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996-2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839-9864, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011, 2011.
45. Mijling, B., van der A, R. J., and Zhang, Q.: Regional nitrogen oxides emission trends in East Asia observed from space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12003-12012, doi:10.5194/acp-13-12003-2013, 2013.
46. x emissions from multi-constituent satellite data assimilation, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2016-529, in review, 2016.
47. Ohara, T., Akimoto, H., Kurokawa, J., Horii, N., Yamaji, K., Yan, X., and Hayasaka, T.: An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980-2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4419-4444, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007, 2007.
48. OPRF (Ocean Policy Research Foundation (Ship and Ocean Foundation)): Report for comprehensive study for environmental impact lead by the establishment of emission control area in Japan, ISBN-13: 978-4-88404-282-0, 524 pp., 2012 (in Japanese).
49. Paulot, F., Jacob, D. J., Pinder, R. W., Bash, J. O., Travis, K., and Henze, D. K.: Ammonia emissions in the United States, European Union, and China derived by high-resolution inversion of ammonium wet deposition data: Interpretation with a new agricultural emissions inventory (MASAGE-NH3), J. Geophys. Res., 119, 4343-4364, doi:10.1002/2013JD021130, 2014.
50. Pétron, G., Granier, C., Khattatov, B., Yudin, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Emmons, L., Gille, J., and Edwards, D. P.: Monthly CO surface sources inventory based on the 2000-2001 MOPITT satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21107, doi:10.1029/2004GL020560, 2004.
51. Platts: The UDI Word Electric Power Plants Database, CD-ROM data, Platts, A division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, 2009.
52. Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India: I - Fossil fuel combustion, Atmos. Environ., 36, 677-697, 2002a.
53. Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India. Part II - biomass combustion, Atmos. Environ., 36, 699-712, 2002b.
54. Simon, H., Beck, L., Bhave, P. V., Divita, F., Hsu, Y., Luecken, D., Mobley, J. D., Pouliot, G. A., Reff, A., Sarwar, G., and Strum, M.: The development and uses of EPA's SPECIATE database, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 1, 196-206, 2010.
55. Streets, D. G., Bond, T. C., Carmichael, G. R., Fernandes, S. D., Fu, Q., He, D., Klimont, Z., Nelson, S. M., Tsai, N. Y., Wang, M. Q., Woo, J. H., and Yarber, K. F.: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8809, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093, 2003.
56. Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., He, K., Hao, J., Wu, Y., Tang, Y., and Carmichael, G. R.: Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D14306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007118, 2006.
57. Streets, D. G., Canty, T., Carmichael, G. R., de Foy, B., Dickerson, R. R., Duncan, B. N., Edwards, D. P., Haynes, J. A., Henze, D. K., Houyoux, M. R., Jacob, D. J., Krotkov, N. A., Lamsal, L. N., Liu, Y., Lu, Z., Martin, R. V., Pfister, G. G., Pinder, R.W., Salawitch, R. J., and Wecht, K. J.: Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability, Atmos. Environ., 77, 1011-1042, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.051, 2013.
58. United Nations: Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS), United Nations Publications, New York, 341 pp., 2011.
59. van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Macdonald, A. M., Walker, T. W., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Weber, R., and Andreae, M. O.: Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2999-3014, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2999-2008, 2008.
60. Venkataraman, C., Habib, G., Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Miguel, A. H., and Friedlander, S. K.: Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions and climate impacts, Science, 307, 1454-1456, 2005.
61. Wang, S. W., Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K. B., Martin, R. V., Lamsal, L. N., Chen, D., Lei, Y., and Lu, Z.: Growth in NOx emissions from power plants in China: bottom-up estimates and satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4429-4447, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4429-2012, 2012.
62. 2 and its correlation with CO at a rural site near Beijing: implications for combustion efficiency in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8881-8897, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8881-2010, 2010.
63. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q. Q., He, K., Zhang, Q., and Chai, L.: Sulfatenitrate-ammonium aerosols over China: response to 2000-2015 emission changes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2635-2652, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2635-2013, 2013.
64. Wang, Z., Xie, F., Sakurai, T., Ueda, H., Han, Z., Carmichael, G. R., Streets, D., Engardt, M., Holloway, T., Hayami, H., Kajino, M., Thongboonchoo, N., Bennet, C., Park, S. U., Fung, C., Chang, A., Sartelet, K., and Amann, M.: MICS-Asia II: Model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3528-3542, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.071, 2008.
65. 2 emissions from the power sector, Center for Global Development, Working Paper 145, 2008.
66. Woo, J.-H., Choi, K.-C., Kim, H. K., Baek, B. H., Jang, M., Eum, J.-H., Song, C. H., Ma, Y., Sunwoo, Y., Chang, L.-S., and Yoo, S. H.: Development of an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia using SMOKE, Atmos. Environ., 58, 5-13, 2012.
67. Worden, H. M., Deeter, M. N., Frankenberg, C., George, M., Nichitiu, F., Worden, J., Aben, I., Bowman, K. W., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P. F., de Laat, A. T. J., Detweiler, R., Drummond, J. R., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Hurtmans, D., Luo, M., Martínez-Alonso, S., Massie, S., Pfister, G., and Warner, J. X.: Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 837-850, doi:10.5194/acp-13-837-2013, 2013.
68. World Steel Association: Steel Statistical Yearbook 2011, worldsteel Committee on Economic Studies, Brussels, 120 pp., 2011.
69. Xing, J., Pleim, J., Mathur, R., Pouliot, G., Hogrefe, C., Gan, C.-M., and Wei, C.: Historical gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in the United States from 1990 to 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7531-7549, doi:10.5194/acp-13-7531-2013, 2013.
70. Yarwood, G., Rao, S., Yocke, M., and Whitten, G.: Updates to the Carbon Bond Chemical Mechanism: CB05, Final Report to the US EPA, RT-0400675, available at: http://www.camx.com (last access: October 2013), 2005.
71. Yin, Y., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Broquet, G., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Pison, I., and Saunois, M.: Decadal trends in global CO emissions as seen by MOPITT, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13433-13451, doi:10.5194/acp-15-13433-2015, 2015.
72. Yumimoto, K., Uno, I., and Itahashi, S.: Long-term inverse modeling of Chinese CO emission from satellite observations, Environ. Pollut., 195, 308-318, 2014.
73. Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K., and Klimont, Z.: Major components of China's anthropogenic primary particulate emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 2, 045027, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045027, 2007a.
74. x emission trends for China, 1995-2004: The view from the ground and the view from space, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22306, doi:10.1029/2007JD008684, 2007b.
75. Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131-5153, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009.
76. Zhang, Q., He, K., and Huo, H.: Policy: Cleaning China's air, Nature, 484, 161-162, 2012.
77. Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C. P., Lei, Y., McElroy, M. B., and Hao, J.: Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2295-2308, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2295-2011, 2011.
78. 2 in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 487-508, doi:10.5194/acp-13-487-2013, 2013.
79. Zheng, B., Huo, H., Zhang, Q., Yao, Z. L., Wang, X. T., Yang, X. F., Liu, H., and He, K. B.: High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions in China in 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9787-9805, doi:10.5194/acp-14-9787-2014, 2014.