CloudFog: Leveraging Fog to Extend Cloud Gaming for Thin-Client MMOG with High Quality of Service

IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 431-445

  Lin, Yuhua ^a   Shen, Haiying ^a  

^a AMRL   (United States)

Author keywords

Cloud gaming; online gaming; P2P network; quality of service

Indexed keywords

BANDWIDTH; COMMUNICATION CHANNELS (INFORMATION THEORY); COMPUTER GAMES; DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS; FOG; INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS; PEER TO PEER NETWORKS; RENDERING (COMPUTER GRAPHICS);

BANDWIDTH CONSUMPTION; CLOUD GAMINGS; COMMUNICATION INTERACTION; EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCIES; MASSIVELY MULTI-PLAYER ONLINE GAMES; ON-LINE GAMING; P2P NETWORK; USER QUALITY OF SERVICE;

QUALITY OF SERVICE;

EID: 85009997099     PISSN: 10459219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2016.2563428     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. C. Bezerra and C. Geyer, "A load balancing scheme for massively multiplayer online games," Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 45, no. 1/3, pp. 263-289, 2009.
2. N. Bilton, "Video game industry continues major growth, gartner says," New York Times, New York City, NY, USA, 2011.
3. CBS News. (2012). Study: Number of smartphone users tops 1 billion [Online]. Available: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205-162-57534583/study-number-of-smartphone-users-tops-1-billion/
4. Onlive. Inc [Online]. Available: http://www.onlive.com/, [Accessed in Nov. 2014].
5. Gaikai Inc [Online]. Available: http://www.gaikai.com/, [accessed in Nov. 2014].
6. M. Jarschel, D. Schlosser, S. Scheuring, and T. Hobfeld, "An evaluation of QoE in cloud gaming based on subjective tests," in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Innovative Mobile Internet Services Ubiquitous Comput., 2011, pp. 330-335.
7. S. Choy, B. Wong, G. Simon, and C. Rosenberg, "The brewing storm in cloud gaming: A measurement study on cloud to enduser latency," in Proc. 11th Annu. Workshop Netw. Syst. Support Games, 2012, Art. no. 2.
8. K. Chen, P. Huang, and C. Lei, "Game traffic analysis: An MMORPG perspective," Comput. Netw., vol. 50, no. 16, pp. 3002-3023, 2006.
9. E. Carlini, M. Coppola, and L. Ricci, "Integration of P2P and clouds to support massively multiuser virtual environments," in Proc. 9th Annu. Workshop Netw. Syst. Support Games, 2010, pp. 1-6.
10. N. Bila, E. de Lara, K. Joshi, A. Lagar-Cavilla, M. Hiltunen, and M. Satyanarayanan, "Jettison: Efficient idle desktop consolidation with partial VM migration," in Proc. 7th ACM Eur. Conf. Comput. Syst., 2012, pp. 211-224.
11. S. Nedevschi, J. Chandrashekar, J. Liu, B. Nordman, S. Ratnasamy, and N. Taf, "Skilled in the art of being idle: Reducing energy waste in networked systems," in Proc. 6th USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Design Implementation, 2009, pp. 381-394.
12. J. Blackburn, R. Simha, N. Kourtellis, X. Zuo, M. Ripeanu, J. Skvoretz, and A. Iamnitchi, "Branded with a scarlet " C" : Cheaters in a gaming social network," in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. World Wide Web, 2012, pp. 81-90.
13. C. Bezerra, J. Comba, and C. Geyer, "Adaptive load-balancing for MMOG servers using KD-trees," CIE, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 5, 2012.
14. S. Ahmad, C. Bouras, E. Buyukkaya, R. Hamzaoui, A. Papazois, A. Shani, G. Simon, and F. Zhou, "Peer-to-peer live streaming for massively multiplayer online games," n Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Peerto-Peer Comput., 2012, pp. 67-68.
15. J. Chen, M. Arumaithurai, X. Fu, and K. Ramakrishnan, "Gaming over COPS: A content centric communication infrastructure for gaming applications," in Proc. Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Syst., 2012, pp. 131-132.
16. C. Huang, C. Hsu, Y. Chang, and K. Chen, "Gaming Anywhere: An open cloud gaming system," in Proc. 4th Int Conf. ACM Multimedia Syst. Conf., 2013, pp. 36-47.
17. Z. Zhao, K. Hwang, and J. Villeta, "Game cloud design with virtualized CPU/GPU servers and initial performance results," in Proc. 3rd workshop Scientific Cloud Comput. Date, 2012, pp. 23-30.
18. S. Wang and S. Dey, "Cloud mobile gaming:Modeling andmeasuring user experience inmobilewireless networks," ACMSIGMOBILE Mobile Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 10-21, 2012.
19. M. Hemmati, A. Javadtalab, A. Shirehjini, S. Shimohammadi, and T. Arici, "Game as Video: Bit rate reduction through adaptive object encoding," in Proc. 23rd ACM Workshop Netw. Operating Syst. Support Digital Audio Video, 2013, pp. 7-12.
20. L. Lin, X. Liao, G. Tan, H. Jin, X. Yang, W. Zhang, and B. Li, "Live Render: A cloud gaming system based on compressed graphics streaming," in Proc. 22nd ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, 2014, pp. 347-356.
21. S. Choy, B. Wong, G. Simon, and C. Rosenberg, "A hybrid edgecloud architecture for reducing on-demand gaming latency," in Multimedia Syst., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 503-519, 2014.
22. T. Hobfeld, R. Schatz, M. Varela, and C. Timmerer, "Challenges of QoE management for cloud applications," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 28-36, Apr. 2012.
23. Y. Lee, K. Chen, H. Su, and C. Lei, "Are all games equally cloudgaming-friendly? An electromyographic approach," in Proc. 11th Annu. Workshop Netw. Syst. Support Games, 2012, Art. no. 3.
24. M. Claypool, "Motion and scene complexity for streaming video games," in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Foundations Digital Games, 2009, pp. 34-41.
25. A. Ojala and P. Tyrvainen, "Developing cloud business models: A case study on cloud gaming," IEEE Softw., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 42-47, Apr. 2011.
26. How to batch render in Sony Vegas [Online]. Available: http://sony-vegas.wonderhowto.com/how-to/batch-render-sonyvegas- 329667/, [Accessed in Dec. 2015].
27. H. Sawhney, A. Arpa, R. Kumar, S. Samarasekera, M. Aggarwal, S. Hsu, D. Nister, and K. Hanna, "Video flashlights: Real time rendering of multiple videos for immersive model visualization," in ACM Int. Conf. Proc. Series, vol. 28, pp. 157-168, 2002.
28. B. Van De Bovenkamp, S. Shen, A. Iosup, and F. Kuipers, "Understanding and recommending play relationships in online social gaming," in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Commun. Syst. Netw., 2013, pp. 1-10.
29. P. Salvador and A. Nogueira, "Study on geographical distribution and availability of bittorrent peers sharing video files," n Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Consumer Electron., 2008, pp. 1-4.
30. H. Shen and G. Liu, "A lightweight and cooperative multi-factor considered file replication method in structured P2P systems," IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 2115-2130, Nov. 2013.
31. M. Jarschel, D. Schlosser, S. Scheuring, and T. Hobfeld, "Gaming in the clouds: QoE and the users' perspective," Math. Comput. Modelling, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2883-2894, 2011.
32. P. Resnick, K. Kuwabara, R. Zeckhauser, and E. Friedman, "Reputation systems, "Commun. ACM, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 45-48, 2000.
33. K. Hoffman, D. Zage, and C. Nita-Rotaru, "A survey of attack and defense techniques for reputation systems," ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 1, 2009.
34. M. Newman and M. Girvan, "Finding and evaluating community structure in networks," Phys. Rev. E, vol. 69, no. 2, p. 026113, 2004.
35. J. Pujol, V. Erramilli, G. Siganos, X. Yang, N. Laoutaris, P. Chhabra, and P. Rodriguez, "The little engine(s) that could: Scaling online social networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMMConf., 2010, pp. 375-386.
36. A. Patro, S. Rayanchu, M. Griepentrog, Y. Ma, and S. Banerjee, "The anatomy of a large mobile massively multiplayer online game," SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 479-484, 2012.
37. D. Pittman and C. Gauthier Dickey, "Characterizing virtual populations in massively multiplayer online role-playing games," in Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Adv. Multimedia Model., 2010, pp. 87-97.
38. M. Kendall and J. Ord, Time-Series, vol. 296. Edward Arnold London, 1990.
39. X. Zhuang, A. Bharambe, J. Pang, and S. Seshan, "Player dynamics in massively multiplayer online games," Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-07-158, 2007.
40. The PeerSim simulator [Online]. Available: http://peersim.sf.net, [Accessed in Nov. 2014].
41. PlanetLab [Online]. Available: http://www.planet-lab.org/, [Accessed in Nov. 2014].
42. C. Huang, J. Li, and K. W. Ross, "Can internet video-on-demand be profitable? in Proc. Conf. Appl. Technol., Archit. Protocols Comput. Commun., 2007, pp. 133-144.
43. Xu Cheng and Jiangchuan Liu, "Nettube: Exploring social networks for peer-to-peer short video sharing," in Proc. INFOCOM, 2009, pp. 1152-1160.
44. The difference between upload and download speed for broadband DSL [Online]. Available: http://fetchsoftworks.com/fetch/help/Contents/Tu torial/SlowUploads.html, [Accessed in Dec. 2015].
45. H. Shen, Y. Lin, and J. Li, "A social-network-aided efficient peer-to-peer live streaming system," in IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 987-1000, Jun. 2015.
46. K. Psounis, P. M. Fernandez, B. Prabhakar, and F. Papadopoulos, "Systems with multiple servers under heavy-tailed workloads," in Proc. 24th Int. Symp. Comput. Performance, Modeling, Meas. Evaluation, 2005, pp. 456-474.
47. W. Willinger, M. S. Taqqu, R. Sherman, and D. V. Wilson, "Selfsimilarity through high-variability: Statistical analysis of ethernet LAN traffic at the source level," in IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 71-86, Feb. 1997.
48. C. Hellstrom, K. Nilsson, J. Leppert, and C. Aslund, "Influences of motives to play and time spent gaming on the negative consequences of adolescent online computer gaming," Comput. Human Behavior, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1379-1387, 2012.
49. S. Raza, A. Nazir, and C. Chuah, "Unveiling Facebook: A measurement study of social network based applications," in Proc. 8th ACM SIGCOMM Conf. Internet Meas., 2008, pp. 43-56.
50. D. Wu, Y. Liu, and K. W. Ross, "Modeling and analysis of multichannel P2P live video systems," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1248-1260, Aug. 2010.
51. H. Shen and C. Xu, "Locality-aware and churn-resilient load balancing algorithms in structured peer-to-peer networks," IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 849-862, Jun. 2007.
52. N. Bansal and M. Harchol-Balter, "Analysis of SRPT scheduling: Investigating unfairness," in Proc. SIGMETRICS/Perform. Int. Conf. Meas. Modeling Comput. Syst., 2001, pp. 279-290.
53. R. Subrata and A. Y. Zomaya, "Game-theoretic approach for load balancing in computational grids," IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 66-76, Jan. 2008.
54. Latency (lag) vs win rate in League of Legends [Online]. Available: https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/1t23a0/latency-lag-vs-win-rate-in-league-of-legends-oc/, [Accessed in Mar. 2016].
55. I. Goiri, J. Guitart, and J. Torres, "Economic model of a cloud provider operating in a federated cloud," Inform. Syst. Frontiers, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 827-843, 2012.
56. L. Barroso and U. Holzle, "The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines," Synthesis Lectures Comput. Archit., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1-154, 2013.
57. P. Gao, A. Curtis, B. Wong, and S. Keshav, "It's not easy being green," ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 211-222, 2012.
58. U.S. Energy Information Administration [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov, [accessed in Nov. 2014].
59. Amazon EC2 Pricing [Online]. Available: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/, [Accessed in Dec. 2015].
60. Y. Lin and H. Shen, "Leveraging fog to extend cloud gaming for thin-client MMOG with high quality of experience," in Proc. IEEE 35th Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Syst., 2005, pp. 734-735.