U.S. Arms Control Policy in a Time Warp

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 51-70

  Tannenwald, Nina ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85009254954     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2001.tb00343.x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Brad Roberts, “The Road Ahead for Arms Control,” Washington Quarterly 23 (Spring 2000), pp. 219–232.
2. For a review of some of these ideas, see Cathleen Fisher, Reformation and Resistance: Nongovernmental Organizations and the Future of Nuclear Weapons, Report No. 29 (Washington, D.C.: Henry L. Stimson Center, May 1999).
3. Philipp C. Bleek, “U.S. and Soviet/Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces,” Arms Control Today 30 (December 2000).
4. Joseph Cirincione, “Republicans Do It Better,” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 56 (September/October 2000), pp. 17–19.
5. Jonathan Dean and Jeffrey Laurenti, Options and Opportunities: Arms Control and Disarmament for the 21st Century (New York: United Nations Association, 1997), p. 6.
6. John D. Holum, director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, “Arms Control: A Central Element of U.S. Foreign Policy,” USIA Electronic Journal 2, No. 3 (August 1997).
7. Dean and Laurenti, Options and Opportunities, pp. 3–9, 74.
8. Options and Opportunities, p. 6.
9. Thomas M. Franck, The Power of Legitimacy among Nations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
10. Public Attitudes on Nuclear Weapons: An Opportunity for Leadership (Washington, D.C.: Henry L. Stimson Center, 1998), p. 26.
11. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Department of Defense, “Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations,” Joint Pub 3–12 (April 29, 1993).
12. This was reaffirmed in Presidential Decision Directive 60 (PDD 60) by President Clinton in November 1997 (“Nuclear Weapons Employment Policy Guidance”).
13. For further discussion, see Hans Kristensen, “Targets of Opportunity: How Nuclear Planners Found New Targets for Old Weapons,” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 53 (September/October 1997), pp. 22–28.
14. Janne E. Nolan, “Preparing for the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review,” Arms Control Today (November 2000).
15. Theresa Hitchens, “Nuclear Weapons: Expensive Relics of ‘Dead Conflicts.’ Key Issues for the Nuclear Posture Review,” Issue Brief 5, No. 2, Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers (January 19, 2001).
16. Richard Betts, in John D. Steinbruner and Leon V. Sigal, eds., Alliance Security: NATO and the No-First-Use Question (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1983), p. 35.
17. National Conference of Catholic Bishops, The Challenge of Peace: God's Promise and Our Response. A Pastoral Letter on War and Peace, May 3, 1983 (Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, 1983)
18. David S. Yost, “The Delegitimation of Nuclear Deterrence?” Armed Forces and Society 16 (Summer 1990).
19. Marc Trachtenberg, “A ‘Wasting Asset’: American Strategy and the Shifting Nuclear Balance, 1949–1954,” International Security 13 (Winter 1988/1989).
20. Roberts, “The Road Ahead for Arms Control.”
21. George Lee Butler, “Abolition of Nuclear Weapons” (speech presented at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C., December 4, 1996); available at www.wagingpeace.org/butlerspeech.html.
22. Jonathan Schell, “The Folly of Arms Control,” Foreign Affairs 79 (September/October 2000).
23. See George Perkovich, India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).
24. John Steinbruner, “Renovating Arms Control Through Reassurance,” Washington Quarterly 23 (Spring 2000), pp. 197–206.
25. Butler, “Abolition of Nuclear Weapons.”
26. “Oleg Chernov: Globalization Makes Russia Even More Sensitive to New Missile Challenges,” PIR Arms Control Letters, Center for Policy Studies in Russia (November 27, 2000).
27. Thomas Graham, “Strengthening Arms Control,” Washington Quarterly 23 (Spring 2000), pp. 183–196.
28. Richard Price, “Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines,” International Organization 52, No. 3 (Summer 1998).
29. The Report of the Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons is available at www.psr.org/canberra.htm.
30. For more extensive discussion, see Fisher, NGOs and the Future of Nuclear Weapons.
31. Alyn Ware, “The World Court and Nuclear Weapons: Who Is Listening?” UN Chronicle 36, No. 4 (1999), pp. 49–50.
32. Graham, “Strengthening Arms Control.”
33. “Germany Raises No-First-Use Issue at NATO Meeting,” Arms Control Today (November/December 1998), p. 24.
34. Graham, “Strengthening Arms Control.”
35. Lawrence S. Wittner, Resisting the Bomb: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1954–1970 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), p. 182.
36. Jeffrey Knopf, Domestic Society and International Cooperation: The Impact of Protest on U.S. Arms Control Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
37. “Firestorm of Protest Radiates from Pacific,” Christian Science Monitor, August 11, 1995
38. “Pacific Critics Use a Megaphone against Chirac: Amplified Denunciations May Finally Get France to Stop Its Nuclear Testing,” Christian Science Monitor, November 7, 1995.
39. For an extended discussion of U.S. government secrecy regarding nuclear weapons, and its costs, see Stephen I. Schwartz, ed., Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1998).
40. See, in this volume, William Hartung, “The New Business of War,” Ethics & International Affairs 15, No. 1 (2001), pp. 79–96.
41. Martin Van Crevald, Technology and War: From 2000 B.C. to the Present, rev. ed. (New York: Free Press, 1991).
42. Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998).
43. Telegram from the Department of State to the U.S. Embassy in Korea, October 31, 1966, Foreign Relations of the United States [hereafter FRUS] 1964–1968, Vol. 11, pp. 399–400.
44. Memorandum from the Director of ACDA (Foster) to the Committee of Principals, “Arms Control on the Seabed,” April 12, 1968, FRUS 1964–68, Vol. 11, p. 579.
45. Harold Brown, “Is Arms Control Dead?” Washington Quarterly 23 (Spring 2000), pp. 173–177.
46. Charles L. Glaser, “The Flawed Case for Nuclear Disarmament,” Survival 40 (Spring 1998), pp. 112–128.