Saudi Arabia: The politics of education

International Affairs

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2003, Pages

  Prokop, Michaela ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85009045367     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.00296     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. 'A nation challenged: education; anti-Western and extremist views pervade Saudi schools', New York Times, 19 Oct. 2001; Boston Globe. 13 Jan. 2002.
2. 'A nation challenged: education; anti-Western and extremist views pervade Saudi schools', New York Times, 19 Oct. 2001; Boston Globe. 13 Jan. 2002.
3. 'Saudis will not allow changes imposed on national curricula', Gulf News, 7 March 2002.
4. Maher Abouhaseira, 'Education, political development, and stability in Saudi Arabia', PhD thesis, University of Southern California, 1998, p. 210.
5. Gwenn Okruhlik, 'Networks of dissent: Islamism and reform in Saudi Arabia', Current History, Jan. 2002.
6. 'Saudi Arabia: religious police role in school fire criticised', Human Rights Watch, 15 March 2002.
7. Arab News, 14 March 2002.
8. Arab News, 25 March 2002.
9. Educational policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh: Ministry of Education, 1978), pp. 5, 6-9.
10. Data from Saudi Ministry of Education.
11. www.kfupm.edu.sa/ias/courses.htm (accessed 22 Jan. 2002).
12. Saudi Ministry of Education, 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate, boys, p. 23; 'Al-hadith', 1st grade, secondary (1st part), boys, p. 58.
13. Saudi Ministry of Education, 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate, boys, p. 23; 'Al-hadith', 1st grade, secondary (1st part), boys, p. 58.
14. Ministry of Education, 'Al-tawhid wa al-hadith wa al-fiqh wa al-tawhid', 6th grade, elementary (2nd part), boys, 1999, p. 23.
15. 'Tarikh al-mamlaka al-arabiyya al-saudiyya', 6th grade, elementary, boys, p. 11.
16. Wahhabis are the followers of the teachings of Mohammed Abd Al Wahhab (1703-92), who called for a return to the fundamentals of Islam. Wahhabis are often also referred to as 'salafis'.
17. 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate (1st part), girls, p. 36; 'Al-rarbiyya al-wataniyya', 3rd grade. secondary (1st part), boys, p. 27.
18. 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate (1st part), girls, p. 36; 'Al-rarbiyya al-wataniyya', 3rd grade. secondary (1st part), boys, p. 27.
19. 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate (1st part), girls, p. 36; 'Al-tarbiyya al-wataniyya'. 3rd grade. secondary (1st part), boys, p. 27.
20. 'Al-hadith', 2nd grade, intermediate (1st part), girls, p. 36; 'Al-tarbiyya al-wataniyya'. 3rd grade. secondary (1st part), boys, p. 27.
21. 'Al-tawhid', 3rd grade, secondary, 1992, pp. 79, 87, 93, 107.
22. Ibid., p. 102.
23. Ibid., p. 107.
24. Interview with Ali Al Ahmed, Director of Saudi Institute, McLean, United States, in March 2002.
25. Interviews conducted in London and the Arab world in 2002.
26. 'Al-hadith', 1st grade, secondary (2nd part), boys, p. 105.
27. 'Al-tawhid', 3rd grade, intermediate (2nd part), girls, p. 102.
28. 'Al-tawhid', 3rd grade, secondary (2nd part), p. 80.
29. 'Tarikh al-mamlaka al-saudiyya', 6th grade, elementary, boys, 1999; 'Al-tarikh', 3rd grade, intermediate (2nd part), girls, p. 88.
30. 'Tarikh al-mamlaka al-saudiyya', 6th grade, elementary, boys, 1999; 'Al-tarikh', 3rd grade, intermediate (2nd part), girls, p. 88.
31. John Duke Anthony, 'The American-Saudi relationship: a briefing by HRH Prince Saud Al Faisal, Minister of Foreign Affairs', Gulfwire Newsletter, 13 Oct. 2002.
32. 'Saudis will not allow changes imposed on national curricula', Gulf News, 7 March 2002.
33. Adult illiteracy rates (1995): overall 37.2 per cent (women 49.8 per cent, men 28.5 per cent). See UNESCO, Division of Statistics, www.unesco.org/doha/countries/saudi.htm.
34. Interviews with Saudi students.
35. The King Abdul Aziz Centre for Science and Technology controls access to the internet. Approximately 400,000 sites were off-limit for Saudis. Human Rights Watch report. 'Saudi Arabia', 2002.
36. Quintan Wiktorowicz, 'The new global threat: transnational salafis and jihad,' Middle East Policy 8: 4, Dec. 2001, p. 27.
37. ffrt 32 Olivier Roy, The failure of political Islam (London: 1, B. Tauris, 1994).
38. Saudi-owned Arabic newspapers and magazines include Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, Al Hayat, Al Muslimun and Al Majalla. TV stations include the Middle East Broadcast Corporation and Orbit. There are also numerous publishing houses that receive government support or whose publications are distributed in Saudi-financed mosques worldwide. For instance, Darussalam Global Leaders in Islamic Books has branches in Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, the UK, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Kuwait and Bangladesh. The Mecca Information Centre also distributes copies of Wahhabi teachings during hajj, free or at nominal cost.
39. Wiktorowicz, 'The new global threat', p. 23.
40. Interview with Saudi opposition members, London, Feb. 2002.
41. Nawaf Obaid, 'The power of Saudi Arabia's Islamic leaders', Middle East Quarterly 6: 3, Sept. 1999, p. 57.
42. 'Muslim clerics send troubling message', Washington Post, 30 Sept. 2001. A24.
43. Le monde diplomatique, Feb. 2002, p. 9.
44. Interview, Jordan, April 2002.
45. Wiktorowicz, 'The new global threat', p. 19.
46. Jessica Stern, 'Pakistan's jihad culture', Foreign Affairs, Dec. 2000.
47. See e.g, Gazi al-Gosaibi in Al Sharq Al Awsat, 17 Feb. 2002.
48. 'Empty reforms-Saudi Arabia's new basic laws', Human Rights Watch, May 1992.
49. Saudi Ministry of Planning, Seventh Development Plan, 2000-2004, p. 160.
50. Economist Intelligence Unit, EIU Country Report: Saudi Arabia, 2001/2002.
51. Delwin Roy, 'Saudi Arabian education: development policy', Middle Eastern Studies 28: 3, July 1992.
52. 'People pressure,' The Economist, 21 March 2002.
53. UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, 1998 and 1999.
54. Saudi Ministry of Planning, Sixth Development Plan. 1995-1999/2000, p. 179.
55. Saudi Ministry of Planning, Seventh Development Plan, p. 158.
56. Eleanor Doumato, 'Women and work in Saudi Arabia: how flexible are Islamic margins?', Middle East Journal 52: 2, Spring, p. 582.
57. Interviews, London, Feb. 2002.
58. Interview, London, Feb. 2002.
59. Ali Sa'ad al-Musa in al-Watan, Mideast Mirror, 7 Feb. 2002, p. 16.
60. Hamza Olayen in the Daily Star, Mideast Mirror, 5 Feb. 2002.
61. Interview with Saad al-Faqih, Director of the Movement of Islamic Reform in Arabia (MIRA) in London, Feb. 2002.
62. 'Ten recommendations for the Muslim Ummah', www.as-sahwah.com, accessed 4 March 2002.
63. 'Saudis will not allow changes imposed on national curricula', Gulf News, 7 March 2002.