NIS nuclear smuggling since 1995: A lull in significant cases?

Nonproliferation Review

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 125-

  Ewell, Emily S ^a  

^a Monterey Institute of International Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008756534     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736709808436727     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. These numbers are based upon an evaluation of the entries for the 24-month period January 1995 to December 1997 in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, CA.
2. U.S. Department of Energy, MPC&A Program Strategic Plan, January 1998, p. 8.
3. See, for example, Alevtina Polyakova, Kurchatovskiy Institut ishchet zashchitu, Nezavisimaya gazeta, August 15, 1997, p. 6.
4. Maksimalniy rezultat s minimalnymi zatratami, Atompressa (14/251), April 1997, p. 4.
5. Boris Konovalov, Radiation in a ‘Stone Sack’: Moscow’s First Line of Defense Against Nuclear Terrorism is in Obninsk, Nezavisimaya gazeta, Decembers, 1996, p. 6.
6. Vladimir Gundarov, Utilizirovat atomokhody pridetsya v dolg, Krasnaya zvezda, March 13, 1998, p. 1.
7. Evgeniy Solomenko, Tri Kilogramma Urana-V Rukavitse, Izvestiya, June 9, 1994, p. 2.
8. Andrey Ishchenko, Uranium Transported in Passenger Railcar and Stored in a Cool Place—Details about the Exposed Affair of the Misappropriation of Uranium-235, Novaya Yezhednevnaya Gazeta, June 16, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-118 (20 June 1994), p. 41-42.
9. Dr. William Potter, Before the Deluge? Assessing the Threat of Nuclear Leakage from the Post-Soviet States, Arms Control Today 25 (October 1995), p. 11.
10. Doslovno. Gosatomnadzor Rossii: Obnaruzheno Propazha 145 Gramm Urana S Obogashcheniyem 90 Protsentov, Voprosy Bezopasnosti 16 (October 27, 1997), in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
11. Olga Musafirova, Fresh Uranium Has Appeared in Kiev Stores," Komsomolskaya Pravda, April 4, 1995.
12. Table 1I-B Highlights of Significant Smuggling Cases, in Monterey Institute of International Studies and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Nuclear Successor States of the Soviet Union: Status Report on Nuclear Weapons, Fissile Material, and Export Controls, No. 5 (March 1998), p. 105.
13. Rennsselaer Lee, Smuggling Update, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 53, (May/June 1997), p. 55.
14. William Potter, Less Well-Known Cases of Nuclear Terrorism and Nuclear Diversion in Russia, August 1997, in Overviews, NIS Nuclear Profiles Database.
15. Andreas Heinrich and Heiko Pleines, Russia’s Nuclear Flea Market Tempts Smugglers, Transition (November 17, 1995), 9-11.
16. Potter, Before the Deluge: Assessing the Threat of Nuclear Leakage from the Post-Soviet States; Nuclear Nonproliferation: Status of U.S. Efforts to Improve Nuclear Materials Controls in the Newly Independent States, Genera Accounting Office Report to Congressional Requesters, March 8, 1996.
17. John Deutch, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, The Threat of Nuclear Diversion, March 20, 1996.
18. Lee, Smuggling Update, p. 55.
19. Graham Allison, Nuclear Dangers, The Boston Globe, October 19, 1997, p. Cl.
20. Ukrainian, Russian and Georgian officials, interviews with NIS Nonproliferation Project staff, 1996 and 1997.
21. Informal seminar by Russian criminologist (name withheld upon request), Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies. November 21, 1997.
22. According to the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database, there were approximately 35 cases of radioactive or nuclear materials smuggling from the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania between January 1995 and December 1997.
23. William Potter, Less Well-Known Cases of Nuclear Terrorism and Nuclear Diversion in Russia, August 1997, in Overviews, NIS Nuclear Profiles Database.
24. Interview with the head of the Urals Customs Division Nikolai Cherepanov, Na Tamozhne Net Realnogo Kontrolya Radioaktivnykh Materialov, Yadernyy Kontrol (August/September 1997), 29-30.
25. Grigoriy Sanin and Stepan Dvornikov, Caravans Move to the North: Narcotics, Cotton, Uranium the Cause of a National Tragedy in Tajikistan, Segodnya, August 14, 1996; in FBIS-SOV-96-208-S (29 October 1996).
26. This case has been reported on in two Russian regional newspapers: Viktor Riskin, Mechenyye Izotopy, Chelyabinskiy Rabochiy, June 26, 1997, p. 2.
27. Dmitryy Zobkov and German Galkin, Tamozhennyy Post-Na Yademom Obyekte, Aktioner (Chelyabinsk), October 31, 1997, p. 1, both in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
28. Gulnara Bekturova, Ukrast Uran? Net Nichego Proshche, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, May 14 1997, 1-3, in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
29. Maria Soloveva and Mikhail Kalinin, Prestupniki Mogli Pogruzit V Samolet Dazhe Atomnuyu Bombu, Kommersant Daily, December 3, 1996, p. 10, in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
30. Vladimir Bogovitskiy, V Ust-Kamenogorske Zavershilsya Sudebnyy Protsess Po Delu O Khishchenii Yademogo Topliva 1 Redkhikh Materialov, Panorama, February 21, 1997, in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
31. Maria Soloveva and Mikhail Kalinin, Prestupniki Mogli Pogruzit V Samolet Dazhe Atomnuyu Bombu, Kommersant Daily, December 3, 1996, p. 10, in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, CA.
32. Krast Uran Ne Nuzhno, On Togo Ne Stoit, Segodnya, March 10, 1993, p. 7.
33. Ashura Radzyavichyute, Uran Byl Ukraden S Ignalinskoy AES, Diena (Riga), June 13, 1997, 1-4; both in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
34. Confiscated U May Be Part Of A Lost Fuel Assembly, Nuclear News, February 1995, p. 63.
35. Donatos Stravinkas, V Vasiginase Naydena Chast Ukradennoi S Yademym Toplivom, Golos Livy, March 14, 1996, p. 2.
36. Police Find Some of Nuclear Fuel Stolen From Ignalina, Interfax (Moscow), October 31, 1996.
37. Ashura Radzyavichyute, Uran Byl Ukraden S Ignalinskoy AES, Diena (Riga), June 13, 1997, 1-4, all in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database.
38. There are numerous abstracts on the German parliamentary investigation into the Munich affair in the NIS Nuclear Smuggling Database. For example, see BND, LKA Withheld Transcript In Plutonium Scandal, ARD Television Network (Munich), March 7, 1996.
39. Mark Hibbs, Opposition Asserts Pu Sting Got Out of Control, Schmidbauer Lied, Nucleonics Week, April 27, 1995, 5-6.
40. Mark Hibbs, Schmidbauer, Agencies To Be Probed On Bonn Plutonium Sting Operations, Nuclear Fuel, April 25, 1995, 2-3.
41. Gennadiy Evstafiev, Yademaya mafia v Rossii. Pravda I Mify, Vek, September 22-28, 1995, 4-10.
42. In the interview, Evstafiev, a department head in the Foreign Intelligence Service, declared that the Munich affair occurred only due to provocation. See also, No Information About Leakage of Nuclear Materials, ITAR-TASS News Agency, December 22, 1995.
43. U.S. government official involved in the investigation of the Munich case, interview with CNS staff member, Bonn, Germany, April 1996.
44. Uranium Bar Seized in N-Trafficking Gang Bust Made in US, broadcast on RAI Uno Television Network (Rome), March 20, 1998.
45. Uranium of US Origin, ANSA (Rome), March 20, 1998.