Analytical modeling of wind farms: A new approach for power prediction

Energies

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2016, Pages

  Niayifar, Amin ^a   Porté Agel, Fernando ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Analytical model; Gaussian velocity deficit; Turbulence intensity; Velocity deficit superposition; Wake growth rate; Wind farm power production

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; FORECASTING; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; VELOCITY; WAKES; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINES;

GAUSSIAN VELOCITY; GAUSSIAN VELOCITY DEFICIT; POWER PRODUCTION; TURBULENCE INTENSITY; VELOCITY DEFICIT SUPERPOSITION; VELOCITY DEFICITS; WAKE GROWTH RATE; WIND FARM; WIND FARM POWER PRODUCTION;

ANALYTICAL MODELS;

EID: 85008702723     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19961073     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/en9090741     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Globalwind Energy Council. Globalwind Report: Annual Market Update 2012. Available online: Http://www. Gwec. Net/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/annualreport2012lowres.pdf (accessed on 30 June 2013).
2. Barthelmie, R.J. Pryor, S. Frandsen, S.T. Hansen, K.S. Schepers, J. Rados, K. Schlez, W. Neubert, A. Jensen, L. Neckelmann, S. Quantifying the impact of wind turbine wakes on power output at offshore wind farms. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2010, 27, 1302-1317.
3. Crespo, A.; Hernandez, J.; Frandsen, S. Survey of modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms. Wind Energy 1999, 2, 1-24.
4. Chowdhury, S.; Zhang, J.; Messac, A.; Castillo, L. Optimizing the arrangement and the selection of turbines for wind farms subject to varying wind conditions. Renew. Energy 2013, 52, 273-282.
5. Lissaman, P.B.S. Energy effectiveness of arbitrary arrays of wind turbines. J. Energy 1979, 3, 323-328.
6. Katic, I.; HØjstrup, J.; Jensen, N. A Simple Model for Cluster Efficiency. In Proceedings of the EuropeanWind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition, Rome, Italy, 1986, pp. 407-410.
7. Frandsen, S. On the wind speed reduction in the center of large clusters of wind turbines. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1992, 39, 251-265.
8. Calaf, M.; Meneveau, C.; Meyers, J. Large eddy simulation study of fully developed wind-turbine array boundary layers. Phys. Fluids 2010, 22, 015110.
9. Abkar, M.; Porté-Agel, F. The effect of free-atmosphere stratification on boundary-layer flow and power output from very large wind farms. Energies 2013, 6, 2338-2361.
10. Stevens, R.J.; Gayme, D.F.; Meneveau, C. Coupled wake boundary layer model of wind-farms. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2015, 7, 023115.
11. Stevens, R.J.; Gayme, D.F.; Meneveau, C. Generalized coupled wake boundary layer model: Applications and comparisons with field and les data for two wind farms. Wind Energy 2016.
12. Jensen, N.O. A Note on Wind Generator Interaction, Technical report Ris-M-2411, RisØ National Laboratory: Roskilde, Denmark, 1983.
13. Voutsinas, S.; Rados, K.; Zervos, A. On the analysis of wake effects in wind parks. Wind Eng. 1990, 14, 204-219.
14. Frandsen, S.; Barthelmie, R.; Pryor, S.; Rathmann, O.; Larsen, S.; HØjstrup, J.; ThØgersen, M. Analytical modelling of wind speed deficit in large offshore wind farms. Wind Energy 2006, 9, 39-53.
15. Bastankhah, M.; Porté-Agel, F. A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes. Renew. Energy 2014, 70, 116-123.
16. González, J.S.; Rodriguez, A.G.G.; Mora, J.C.; Santos, J.R.; Payan, M.B. Optimization of wind farm turbines layout using an evolutive algorithm. Renew. Energy 2010, 35, 1671-1681.
17. Barthelmie, R.; Larsen, G.; Frandsen, S.; Folkerts, L.; Rados, K.; Pryor, S.; Lange, B.; Schepers, G. Comparison of wake model simulations with offshore wind turbine wake profiles measured by sodar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2006, 23, 888-901.
18. Crasto, G.; Gravdahl, A.; Castellani, F.; Piccioni, E. Wake modeling with the actuator disc concept. Energy Procedia 2012, 24, 385-392.
19. Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd. GH Windfarmer Theory Manual, Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd.: Bristol, UK, 2009.
20. Openwind Theoretical Basis and Validation, AWS Truepower, LCC: Albany, NY, USA, 2010.
21. Thogersen, M.L.; Sorensen, T.; Nielsen, P.; Grotzner, A.; Chun, S. Introduction to Wind Turbine Wake Modelling and Wake Generated Turbulence, RisØ National Laboratory, EMD International A/S: Aalborg, Denmark, 2006.
22. Chamorro, L.P.; Porté-Agel, F. A wind-tunnel investigation of wind-turbine wakes: Boundary-layer turbulence effects. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2009, 132, 129-149.
23. Wu, Y.-T.; Porté-Agel, F. Atmospheric turbulence effects on wind-turbine wakes: An les study. Energies 2012, 5, 5340-5362.
24. Xie, S.; Archer, C. Self-similarity and turbulence characteristics of wind turbine wakes via large-eddy simulation. Wind Energy 2015, 18, 1815-1838.
25. Abkar, M.; Porté-Agel, F. Influence of atmospheric stability on wind-turbine wakes: A large-eddy simulation study. Phys. Fluids 2015, 27, 035104.
26. Porté-Agel, F.;Wu, Y.-T.; Chen, C.-H. A numerical study of the effects of wind direction on turbine wakes and power losses in a large wind farm. Energies 2013, 6, 5297-5313.
27. Abkar, M.; Porté-Agel, F. Mean and turbulent kinetic energy budgets inside and above very large wind farms under conventionally-neutral condition. Renew. Energy 2014, 70, 142-152.
28. Abkar, M.; Sharifi, A.; Porté-Agel, F. Wake flow in a wind farm during a diurnal cycle. J. Turbulence 2016, 17, 1-22.
29. Porté-Agel, F.; Wu, Y.-T.; Lu, H.; Conzemius, R.J. Large-eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flow through wind turbines and wind farms. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2011, 99, 154-168.
30. Quarton, D.; Ainslie, J. Turbulence in wind turbine wakes. Wind Eng. 1990, 14, 15-23.
31. Hassan, U.; Hassan, G. A Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Wake Structure within Small Wind Turbine Farms, Harwell Laboratory, Energy Technology Support Unit: Brighton, UK, 1993.
32. Crespo, A.; Hernandez, J. Turbulence characteristics in wind-turbine wakes. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1996, 61, 71-85.
33. Vermeulen, P. An Experimental Analysis of Wind Turbine Wakes. In Proceedings of the International Symposium onWind Energy Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark, 26-29 August 1980, pp. 431-450.
34. Abkar, M.; Porté-Agel, F. A new wind-farm parameterization for large-scale atmospheric models. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2015, 7, 013121.
35. Frandsen, S.; Thogersen, M.L. Integrated fatigue loading for wind turbines in wind farms by combining ambient turbulence and wakes. Wind Eng. 1999, 23, 327-340.
36. Wu, Y.-T.; Porté-Agel, F. Modeling turbine wakes and power losses within a wind farm using les: An application to the horns rev offshore wind farm. Renew. Energy 2015, 75, 945-955.
37. Barthelmie, R.J.; Hansen, K.; Frandsen, S.T.; Rathmann, O.; Schepers, J.; Schlez, W.; Phillips, J.; Rados, K.; Zervos, A.; Politis, E. Modelling and measuring flow and wind turbine wakes in large wind farms offshore. Wind Energy 2009, 12, 431-444.