The Political Culture of Fascist Italy

Contemporary European History

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 317-334

  Luzzatto, Sergio ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85008590767     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777399002088     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. P. G. Zunino, L'ideologia del fascismo. Miti, credenze e valori nella stabilizzazione del regime (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1985), 29 ff.
2. One of the most notable exceptions was L. Mangoni, L'interventismo della cultura. Intellecttuali e riviste del fascismo (Rome-Bari: Laterza 1974).
3. R. D. Felice, Mussolini (Turin: Einaudi, 1965-97), 7 vols.
4. Z. Sternhell, with M. Sznajder and M. Asheri, The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, trans. D. Maisel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
5. W. L. Adamson, Avant-Garde Florence. From Modernism to Fascism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993).
6. G. Turi, Giovanni Gentile: una biografia (Florence: Giunti, 1995).
7. L. Passerini, Mussolini immaginario. Storia di una biografia, 1915-1939 (Rome-Bari: Laterza, 1991).
8. For a review of the debate, see R. J. B. Bosworth, The Italian Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of Mussolini and Fascism (New York: Arnold, 1998).
9. S. Lupo, Moderati e radicali nel partito fascista’, Storica, 3, 9 (1997), 91-132.
10. A. De Grand, Bottai e la cultura fascista (Rome-Bari: Laterza, 1978).
11. R. Ben-Ghiat, Fascism, Writing, and Memory: The Realist Aesthetic in Italy, 1930-50’, Journal of Modern History, 67 (September 1995), 627-65; idem, Italian Fascism and the Aesthetics of the Third Way'’ ’, Journal of Contemporary History, 31, 2 (April 1996), 293-316. Ben-Ghiat has made known that she will shortly be publishing a book on these themes, Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1922-45.
12. M. Stone, The Patron State. Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998).
13. J. T. Schnapp, Staging Fascism. 18BL and the Theater of Masses for Masses (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996).
14. S. Cavazza, Piccole patrie. Feste popolari tra regione e nazione durante il fascismo (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1997).
15. E. J. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger (eds.), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
16. C. Fogu, Fascism and Historic'’ Representation: The 1932 Garibaldian Celebration’, Journal of Contemporary History, 31, 2 (April 1996), 317-45.
17. P. V. Cannistraro, La fabbrica del consenso. Fascismo e mass media (Rome-Bari: Laterza 1975).
18. V. De Grazia, The Culture of Consent: Mass Organization of Leisure in Fascist Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
19. Adolfo Scotto di Luzio, L'appropriazione imperfetta. Editori, biblioteche e libri per ragazzi durante il fascismo, 159.
20. For another lucid approach to the same question, see M. Salvati, L'inutile salotto. L'abitazione piccolo-borghese nell'Italia fascista (Turin: Bollati Boringhieri, 1993).
21. M. Isnenghi, Intellettuali militanti e intellettuali funzionari. Appunti sulla cultura fascista (Turin: Einaudi, 1979).
22. A. Mathiez, Les origines des cultes révolutionnaires, 1789-1792 (Paris: G. Bellais, 1904).
23. M. Ozouf, Festivals and the French Revolution, trans. A. Sheridan (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988).
24. G. L. Mosse, The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars to the Third Reich (New York: H. Fertig, 1975), and Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
25. E. Gentile, Le origini dell'ideologia fascista, 1918-1925 (Rome-Bari: Laterza 1975), and Storia del partito fascista, 1919-1922. Movimento e milizia (Rome-Bari: Laterza 1989).
26. The most explicit formulation of this theory is to be found in E. Gentile, Fascism as Political Religion’, Journal of Contemporary History, 25, 3 (July 1990), 229-51.
27. B. Baczko, Utopian Lights: The Evolution of the Idea of Social Progress, trans. J. L. Greenberg (New York: Paragon House, 1989), and Les imaginaires sociaux. Mémoires et espoirs collectifs (Paris: Payot, 1984).
28. Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist Spectacle. The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy, 12.
29. Fascist Spectacle., 161.
30. G. L. Mosse, The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
31. C. E. Gadda, Eros e Priapo (Da furore a cenere) (Milan: Garzanti, 1990 [1967]), 120.
32. Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist Spectacle, 146.
33. Gadda, Eros e Priapo, 22. The original Italian is as follows: La Italia la era padronescamente polluta dallo spiritato: lo spiritato l'era imperialmente grattato e tirato a prurigine dal plauso d'un poppolo di quarantaquattro milioni di miliardi di animalini a cavatappo.'
34. Mabel Berezin, Making the Fascist Self. The Political Culture of Interwar Italy, 7.
35. Some excellent points on this theme are made in M. Isnenghi, L'Italia in piazza. I luoghi della vita pubblica dal 1848 ai nostri giorni (Milan: Mondadori, 1994), 310 ff.
36. Berezin, Making the Fascist Self, 27.
37. Passerini, Mussolini immaginario; Luzzatto, Il corpo del duce.
38. A. Gibelli, L'officina della guerra. La Grande Guerra e le trasformazioni del mondo mentale (Turin: Bollati Boringhieri, 1991), and La Grande Guerra degli italiani, 1915-1918 (Florence: Sansoni, 1998).
39. Karen Pinkus, Bodily Regimes. Italian Advertising under Fascism, 50.
40. B. Spackman, Fascist Virilities. Rhetoric, Ideology, and Social Fantasy in Italy (Minneapolis-London: University of Minnesota Press, 1996): the definition of fascism as a discursive regime’ provides the title for ch. 5.
41. Fascist Virilities., 153-4.
42. D. G. Horn, Social Bodies. Science, Reproduction, and Italian Modernity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994); for the passage on abortion, see 81-8.
43. C. Ipsen, Dictating Demography. The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
44. See O. Bartov, Murder in Our Midst. The Holocaust, Industrial Killing, and Representation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
45. See R. De Felice, Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo (Turin: Einaudi, 1962; new enlarged edn, 1993).
46. Giorgio Israel and Pietro Nastasi, Scienza e razza nell'Italia fascista, 275.
47. Scienza e razza nell'Italia fascista., 280.