Contemporary Right-Wing Radicalism in Europe

Contemporary European History

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 299-316

  Betz, Hans Georg ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85008566679     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777399002076     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. The success of these parties has not been confined to European democracies. Significant parties have appeared in North America, Australia and New Zealand, and in India. See Hans-Georg Betz and Stefan Immerfall (eds.), The New Politics of the Right (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).
2. For an overview see Diethelm Prowe, ‘“Classic'’ Fascism and the New Radical Right in Western Europe: Comparisons and Contrasts’, in Contemporary European History, 3, 3 (1994), 289-313.
3. Jeffrey Kaplan and Tore Björgo, Introduction’ in Kaplan and Björgo, Nation and Race, xii.
4. Michael Fischer, Die sektiererischen Grundlagen des rechtsextremen Denkens: Der Nationalsozialismus’, and Karin Liebhart, Esoterik, Okkultismus und rechtsextremes Denken’, in Reinalter, Petri and Kaufmann, Das Weltbild des Rechtsextremismus, 131-69. Introduction’ in Kaplan and Björgo. also James Webb, Occult Underground’.
5. Björgo, Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia, ch. 5.
6. Claus Leggewie, What's next? Oder: Neokapitalismus und neue Linke’, in Reinalter, Petri and Kaufmann, Das Weltbild des Rechtsextremismus, 20.
7. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia.
8. Leonard Weinberg, An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World: A Study of Convergence, Linkage, and Identity’, in Kaplan and Björgo, Nation and Race, 6.
9. Kitschelt, The Radical Right in Western Europe, 5.
10. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 9.
11. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 17, 257.
12. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 116.
13. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 248-9.
14. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 252.
15. Mike Cronin (ed.), The Failure of British Fascism.
16. Nigel Copsey, Contemporary Fascism in the Local Area: The British National Party and “Rights for Whites'’ ’ in Cronin, The Failure of British Fascism, 137.
17. Mike Cronin, Introduction: Tomorrow We Live'’-The Failure of British Fascism?’ in Cronin, 8.
18. Weinberg, An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World’, 9.
19. An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World’., 11.
20. An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World’., 7-8.
21. Piero Ignazi, The Extreme Right in Europe: A Survey’, in Merkl and Weinberg, 49.
22. An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World’., 52.
23. An Overview of Right-Wing Extremism in the Western World’., 52-53.
24. Kitschelt, The Radical Right in Western Europe, 19-42.
25. The Radical Right in Western Europe., 23.
26. Piero Ignazi, Postfascisti? (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1994).
27. See Gianfranco Fini, Porquoi nous avons rompu avec le FN’, Le Monde, 26 Jun. 1998, 1, 16.
28. See Jörg Haider, Befreite Zukunft jenseits von links und rechts (Vienna: Ibera & Molden, 1997).
29. Rolf-Josef Eibicht (ed.), Jörg Haider: Patriot im Zwielicht? (Stuttgart: DS-Verlag, 1997).
30. Jonathan Marcus, The National Front and French Politics (New York: New York University Press, 1995), 28.
31. Before the last election in Norway, Norwegian television reported that Le Pen had come out in support of the Fremskridtspartiet. The leader of the party, Carl Hagen, was apparently furious’ about this endorsement, fearing that this would hurt his party's chances. See Ketil Bjugan, The 1997 Norwegian Parliamentary Election: A Swing towards Parliamentary Power’, in The Political Quarterly, 69, 2 (1998), 180.
32. Thomas S. Szayna, The Extreme-Right Political Movements in Post-Communist Central Europe’, in Merkl and Weinberg, 113.
33. Mark Hunter, Les réseaux européens du Front national’, in Le Monde diplomatique, December 1998, 3.
34. Szayna, Extreme Right Political Movements’, 119-138; Henry F. Carey, Post-Communist Right Radicalism in Romania,’ in Merkl and Weinberg, 155-156.
35. Piero Ignazi, L'estrema destra in Europa (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1994), 184.
36. Michael Minkenberg, The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite, Neue Rechte, and the New Right Radical Parties’, in Merkl and Weinberg, 71.
37. The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite., 72.
38. The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite.
39. The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite.
40. The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite., 96-7.
41. Les Back, Michael Keith, and John Solomons, Racism on the Internet: Mapping Neo-Fascist Subcultures in Cyberspace’, in Kaplan and Björgo, Nation and Race, 77.
42. Altermatt and Kriesi, 59.
43. Walter Laqueur, Fascism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 138.
44. Tore Björgo, Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia, 182.
45. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 183.
46. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 155. Italics in the original.
47. A major Swiss extreme right website which, among other things, features essays by Jürgen Graf, the most prominent contemporary Swiss negationist, is called Wilhelm Tell’.
48. Back, Keith and Solomos, Racism on the Internet’, 90.
49. Björgo, Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia, 64, 154-61, 291-7. See also Heléne Lööw, White Power Rock'n Roll-A Growing Industry’, in Kaplan and Björgo, Nation and Race, 127-31.
50. Wolfgang Kühnel, Hitler's Grandchildren? The Reemergence of a Right-Wing Social Movement in Germany’, in Kaplan and Björgo, Nation and Race, 154-5.
51. Alexandra Föderl-Schmid, Die Typen einmal ordentlich vertrimmen,’ Der Standard, 28 Apr. 1998, 2.
52. Kühnel, Hitler's Grandchildren?’ 153.
53. Hitler's Grandchildren?’.
54. See, for example, Lise Togeby, Prejudice and Tolerance in a Period of Increasing Ethnic Diversity and Growing Unemployment: Denmark since 1970’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21, 6 (1998), 1137-54.
55. Hitler's Grandchildren?’., 214-19.
56. Björno, Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia, 101-1012.
57. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 106.
58. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 281, 291, 292.
59. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 297.
60. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 321.
61. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 249-55.
62. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 91.
63. Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia., 279.