X-ray scattering and X-ray spectroscopy studies of silicate melts

Structure, Dynamics, and Properties of Silicate Melts

Volumn 32, Issue , 2019, Pages 317-410

  Brown, Gordon E ^a   Farges, François ^b   Calas, Georges ^c  

^a SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ GUSTAVE EIFFEL   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SILICATES; X RAY SPECTROSCOPY;

SILICATE MELTS;

X RAY SCATTERING;

EID: 85008516375     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (286)

1. Andrault D, Itié J-P, Farges F (1995) High temperature structural study of germanates, perovskites and wollastonites. Eur J Mineral (submitted)
2. 2 glass. Phys Chem Glasses 27:124-127
3. Aur S, Egami T, Berkowitz AE, Walter JL (1982) Atomic structure of amorphous particles produced by spark erosion. Phys Rev B26:6355-6361
4. 2. Phys Rev B22:2767-2776
5. Balyuzi HHM (1975) Analytical approximations to incoherently scattered X-ray intensities. Acta Cryst A31:600-602
6. Bartenev GM (1970) The Structure and Properties of Inorganic Glasses. 246 p. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands
7. Bianconi A, Fritsch E, Calas G, Petiau J (1985a) X-ray absorption near-edge structure of 3-d transition elements in tetrahedral coordination. The effects of bond-length variation. Phys Rev B32:4292-4295
8. Bianconi A, Garcia J, Marcelli A, Benfatto M, Natoli CR, Davoli I (1985b) Probing higher order correlation functions in liquids by XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure). J Physique C9 46:101-106
9. Bienenstock A, Bagley BG (1966) Calculation of upper bounds to the small-angle scattering from crystallite models of amorphous materials. J Appl Phys 37:4840-4847
10. 6 (diopside). Contrib Mineral Petrol 89:103-109
11. Birle JD, Gibbs GV, Moore PB, Smith JV (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines. Am Mineral 53:807-824
12. Bobrovskii AB, Kartmazov N, Finkel VA (1973) (no title) Izvestia Akademia Nauk. SSSR (Neorganic Materials) 9:1075-1076
13. Boon JA, Fyfe WS (1972) The coordination number of ferrous ions in silicate glasses. Chem Geol 10:287-298
14. Bouhifd M-A (1995) Propriétés thermodynamiques de minéraux et liquides d'intérêt géophysique. Thèse de l'Université Denis Diderot, Paris (Ph.D. dissertation, in French)
15. Brese NE, O'Keeffe M (1991) Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Cryst B47: 192-197
16. Brown GE Jr, Calas G, Waychunas G, Petiau J (1988) X-ray absoiption spectroscopy and its applications in mineralogy and geochemistry. In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology, FC Hawthorne (ed) Rev Mineral, Vol. 18, p 431-512. Mineral Soc Am, Washington, DC
17. Brown GE Jr, Dikmen FD, Waychunas GA (1983) Total electron yield AT-XANES and EXAFS investigation of aluminum in amorphous and crystalline alumino-silicates. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab Report 83/01:148-149
18. Brown GE Jr, Gibbs GV (1969) Oxygen coordination and the Si-0 bond. Am Mineral 54:1528-1539
19. Brown GE Jr, Gibbs GV (1970) Stereochemistry and ordering in the tetrahedral portion of silicates. Am Mineral 55:1587-1607
20. Brown GE Jr, Gibbs GV, Ribbe PH (1969) The nature and variation in length of the Si-O and Al-O bonds in framework silicates. Am Mineral 54:1044-1061
21. Brown GE Jr, Keefer KD, Fenn PM (1978) Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study of iron-bearing silicate glasses. Prog Abstr Ann Mtg Geol Soc Am, p 373 (abstract)
22. Brown GE Jr, Sueno S, Prewitt CT (1973) A new single-crystal heater for the precession camera and fourcircle diffractometer. Am Mineral 58:698-704
23. Brown GE Jr, Waychunas GA, Ponader CW, Jackson WE, McKeown DA (1986) EXAFS and NEXAFS studies of cation environments in oxide glasses. J Physique C8 47:C8661-C8668
24. Brown ID (1981) The bond valence method: An empirical approach to chemical structure and bonding. In: Structure and Bonding in Crystals, Volume II, M O'Keeffe, A Navrotsky (eds) p 1-30. Academic Press, New York
25. Brown ED, Altermatt D (1985) Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the inorganic crystal structure database. Acta Cryst B41:244-247
26. Brown ID, Shannon RD (1973) Empirical bond-strength-bond-length curves for oxides. Acta Cryst A29:266-282
27. Bums RG (1993) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory, 2nd Edition, p 312-323, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
28. Burns RG, Fyfe WS (1964) Site preference energy and selective uptake of transition metal ions during magmatic crystallization. Science 144:1001-1003
29. Calas G (1979) Etude expérimentale du comportement de l'uranium dans les magmas: états d'oxydation et coordinance. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1521-1531
30. Calas G, Brown GE Jr, Farges F, Galoisy L, Itié J-P, Polian A (1995) Cations in glasses under ambient and non-ambient conditions. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B (in press)
31. Calas G, Brown GE Jr, Waychunas GA, Petiau J (1987) X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of silicate glasses and minerals. Phys Chem Minerals 15:19-29
32. Calas G, Petiau J (1983) Structure of oxide glasses. Spectroscopic studies of local order and crystallochemistry. Geochemical implications. Bull Minéral 106:33-55
33. Cartz L (1964) An X-ray diffraction study of the structure of silica glass. Zeit Krist 120:241-269
34. Combes J-M, Brown GE Jr, Waychunas GA (1991) X-ray absorption study of the local Ca environment in silicate glasses. In SS Hasnain (ed) XAFS VI, Sixth Int'l Conf on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, p 312-314, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK
35. 4. J Non-Crystal Solids 122:10-32
36. Cormier L, Galoisy L, Calas G, Gaskell PH (1995) Medium-range order studies of oxide glasses by EXAFS and neutron diffraction. Ber Deutsch Mineral Gesell 1:49 (abstr)
37. Corrias A, Magini M, de Moraes M, Sedda AF, Musinu A, Paschina G, Piccaluga G (1986) X-ray diffraction investigation of Co(lI) ions in borosilicate glasses. J Chem Phys 84:5769-5774
38. 2 glasses. J Non-Crystal Solids (in press)
39. Cromer DT, Mann JB (1968) X-ray scattering factors computed from numerical Hartree-Fock wave functions. Acta Cryst A2:321-324
40. Crozier ED (1995) Impact of the asymmetric pair distribution function in the analysis of XAFS. Physica B 208-209:330-333
41. Crozier ED, Rehr JJ, Ingalls R (1988) Amorphous and liquid systems. In: X-ray Absoiption. Principles, Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES, Chemical Analysis, Vol. 92, DC Koningsberger, R Prins (eds) p 373-442. John Wiley & Sons, New York
42. Daniel I, Gillet P, Poe BT, McMillan PF (1995) In situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopic studies of aluminosilicate liquids. Phys Chem Minerals 22:74-86
43. DaSilva JRG, Pinatti DG, Anderson CE, Rudee ML (1974) A refinement of the structure of vitreous silica. Phil Mag 31:713-717
44. Davoli I (1990) Principles and recent developments of XANES spectroscopy. In: Absorption Spectroscopy in Mineralogy, A Mottana, F Burragato (eds) p 206-226, Elsevier, Amsterdam
45. 2 glasses. In: The Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids, LD Pye, WC LaCourse, HJ Stevens (eds) p 484-488. Taylor & Francis, London
46. Davoli I, Paris E, Stizza S, Benfatto M, Fanfoni M, Gargano A, Bianconi A, Seifert F (1992b) Structure of densified vitreous silica: silicon and oxygen XANES spectra and multiple scattering calculations. Phys Chem Minerals 19:171-175
47. Debye P (1915) Zerstreuung von Röntgenstrahlen. Ann Physik 46:809-823
48. 2- Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:491-511
49. 2 in silicate melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:1627-1642
50. Dietzel A (1942) Die Kationenfeldstärken und ihre Beziehungen zu Entglasungs-vorgängen, zur Verbindungsbildung und zu den Schmelzpunkten von Silikaten. Zeit Electrochemie 48:9-23
51. Dingwell DB, Paris E, Seifert F, Mottana A, Romano C (1994) X-ray absorption study of Ti-bearing Silicate glasses. Phys Chem Minerals 21:501-509
52. Dumas T, Petiau J (1986) EXAFS study of titanium and zinc environments during nucleation in a cordierite glass. J Non-Crystal Solids 81:201-220
53. 3, MgO, ZnO) glass. Mat Sei Letters 4:129-132
54. Eckersley MC, Gaskell PH, Barnes AC, Chieux P (1988) Structural ordering in a calcium silicate glass. Nature 335:525-527
55. Eisenberger P, Brown GS (1979) The study of disordered systems by EXAFS: limitations. Solid State Comm 29:481-484
56. Farber DL, Williams Q (1992) Pressure-induced coordination changes in alkali-germanate melts: an in situ spectroscopic investigation. Science 256:1427-1430
57. 4+ elements. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3303-3319
58. Farges F (1994) Ordre local autour d'éléments fortements chargés dans des silicates amorphes: métamictes, vitreux et fondus. Habilitation à diriger les recherches, Université Marne-la-Vallée, Noisy le Grand, France (in French)
59. Farges F (1995) Does Zr-F complexation occur in magmas? Chem Geol (in press)
60. Farges F, Andrault D, Itié J-P (1995b) Crystal chemistry of Ni and Zn in molten phosphates and silicates using high temperature XAFS up to 2000 K. Ber Deutsch Mineral Gesell 1:62 (abstract)
61. Farges F, Brown GE Jr (1995a) Coordination chemistry of trace levels of Zr, Mo, Th, and U in synthetic silicate melts and natural glasses-An in situ, high-temperature XAFS spectroscopy study. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union (in press)
62. Farges F, Brown GE Jr (1995b) An empirical model for the anharmonic analysis of high-temperature XAFS spectra of oxide compounds with applications to the coordination environment of Ni in Niolivine and Ni-Na-disilicate glass and melt. Chem Geol (in press)
63. 5 glass and melt. Geophys Res Letters 21:1931-1934
64. 5 melt. Physica B 208-209:381-382
65. Farges F, Brown GE Jr, Navrotsky A, Gan H, Rehr JJ (1995e) Coordination chemistry of Ti(IV) in silicate glasses and melts. II. Glasses under ambient conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (submitted)
66. Farges F, Brown GE Jr, Navrotsky A, Gan H, Rehr JJ (1995f) Coordination chemistry of Ti(IV) in silicate glasses and melts. III. Glasses and melts between 293 and 1650 K. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (submitted)
67. Farges F, Brown GE Jr, Rehr JJ (1995d) Coordination chemistry of Ti(IV) in silicate glasses and melts. I. XAFS study of Ti coordination in oxide model compounds. Geochim Cosmochim Acta (submitted)
68. Farges F, Fiquet F, Andrault D, Itié J-P (1995g) In situ high temperature XAFS and anharmonicity. Physica B 208-209:269-272
69. Farges F, Itié J-P, Fiquet G, Andrault D (1995a) A new device for XAFS data collection up to 2000 K (or 3700 K under vacuum). Nuc Instr Meth Phys Res B 97:155-161
70. Farges F, Ponader CW, Brown GE Jr (1991a) Structural environments of incompatible elements in silicate glass/melt systems: I. Zr at trace levels. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:1563-1574
71. 4+ in silicate glass/melts systems. In SS Hasnain (ed) XAFS VI, Sixth Int' 1 Conf on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, p 309-311, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK
72. Farges F, Ponader CW, Calas G, Brown GE Jr (1992) Local environment around incompatible elements in silicate glass/melt systems. II: U(VI), U(V) and U(IV). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:4205-4220
73. Farnan I, Grandinetti PJ, Baltisberger JH, Stebbins JF, Wemer U, Eastman MA, Pines A (1992) Quantification of the disorder in network-modified silicate glasses. Nature 358:31-35
74. 29Si NMR investigation of solid and molten silicates. J Am Ceram Soc 112:32-39
75. Filipponi A, diCicco A (1994) Development of an oven for X-ray absorption measurements under extremely high temperature conditions. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B 93:302-310
76. Filipponi A, diCicco A, Tyson TA, Natoli CR (1991) Ab initio modeling of X-ray absorption spectra. Solid State Comm 78:265-275
77. 29Si NMR study. Am Mineral 79:848-861
78. Fleet ME, Herzberg CT, Henderson GS, Crozier ED, Osborne MD, Scarfe CM (1984) Coordination of Fe, Ga and Ge in high pressure glasses by Mössbauer, Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and geological implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1455-1466
79. Fox KE, Furukawa T, White WB (1982) Transition metal ions in silicate melts. Part 2. Iron in sodium silicate glasses. Phys Chem Glasses 23:169-178
80. Frankenheim ML (1835) Die Lehre von der Cohäsion, Breslau, p 389. (as quoted in Wright, 1994)
81. Frenkel AI, Rehr JJ (1993) Thermal expansion and X-ray absorption fine-structure cumulants. Phys Rev B48:585-588
82. Friebele EJ, Griscom DL, Stapelbroek M, Weeks RA (1979) Fundamental defect centers in glass: The peroxy radical in irradiated, high-purity, fused silica. Phys Rev Letters 42:1346-1349
83. Galeener FL (1982) Planar rings in glasses. Solid State Comm 44:1037-1040
84. 6 glass. Am Mineral 76:1777-1780
85. Galoisy L, Calas G (1992) Network-forming Ni in silicate glasses. Am Mineral 77:677-680
86. Galoisy L, Calas G (1993a). Structural environment of nickel in silicate glass/melt systems. Part I. Spectroscopic determination of coordination states. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3613-3626
87. Galoisy L, Calas G (1993b) Structural environment of Ni in silicate glass/melt systems: Part 2. Geochemical implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3627-3633
88. Gaskell PH (1991a) Models for the structure of amorphous solids. Glass Sei Tech 5:175-278
89. Gaskell PH (1991b) The structure of silicate glasses and crystals-towards a convergence of views. In: Trans Am Cryst Assoc 27:95-112, AC Wright (ed) Polycrystal Book Service, P.O. Box 3439, Dayton, OH
90. Gaskell PH, Eckersley MC, Barnes AC, Chieux P (1991) Medium range order in the cation distribution of a calcium silicate glass. Nature 350:675-677
91. Gaskell PH, Zhao J, Calas G, Galoisy L (1992) The structure of mixed cation oxide glasses. In: The Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids, LD Pye, WC LaCourse, HJ Stevens (eds) p 53-58, Taylor & Francis, London
92. Gibbs GV, Meagher EP, Newton MD, Swanson DK (1981) A comparison of experimental and theoretical bond length and angle variations for minerals, inorganic solids, and molecules. In: Structure and Bonding in Crystals I, M O'Keeffe, A Navrotsky (eds) p 195-225. Academic Press, New York
93. Goldman DS, Berg JI (1980) Spectral study of ferrous iron in Ca-Al-borosilicate glass at room temperature and melt temperatures. J Non-Crystal Solids 38/39:183-188
94. Goldschmidt VM (1926) Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps Akademy (Oslo), I. Math-naturwiss Kl. No. 8:7-156
95. Goodman CHL (1982) Constitutional diagrams and glass formation. In: The Structure of Non-Crystalline Materials, PH Gaskell, JM Parker, EA Davis (eds) p 151-163, Taylor & Francis, London
96. Greaves GN (1985) EXAFS and the structure of glass. J Non-Crystal Solids 71:203-217
97. Greaves GN (1992) Glass structure and ionic transport. In: The Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids, LD Pye, WC LaCourse, HJ Stevens (eds) p 453-459, Taylor & Francis, London
98. Greaves GN, Fontaine A, Lagarde P, Raoux D, Gurman SJ (1981) Local structure of silicate glasses. Nature 293:611-616
99. Greaves GN, Gurman SJ, Catlow CRA, Chadwick A., Houde-Walter S, Henderson CMB, Dobson BR (1991) A structural basis for ionic diffusion in oxide glasses. Phil Mag A64:1059-1072
100. Greegor R.B, Lytle FW, Ewing RC, Haaker RF (1984) Ti-site geometry in metamict-, annealed, and synthetic complex Ti-Nb-Ta oxides by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Nucí Instr Meth Phys Res B 1:587-591
101. 2 glasses by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Non-Crystal Solids 55:27-43
102. Gruñes LA (1983) Study of the K edges of 3d transition metals in pure and oxide form by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Rev B27:2111-2131
103. Hanson CD, Egami T (1986) Distribution of Cs* ions in single and mixed alkali glasses from energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. J Non-Crystal Solids 87:171-184
104. 77024. Mineral Mag 49:25-29
105. Hawthorne FC (ed) (1988) Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology, Rev Mineral 18, 698 p, Mineral Soc Am, Washington, DC
106. Hawthorne FC, Groat LA, Raudsepp M, Ball NA, Kimata M, Spike ED, Gaba R, Halden NM, Lumpkin GR, Ewing RC, Greegor RB, Lytle FW, Ercit TS, Rossman GR, Wicks FJ, Ramik RA Sherriff BL, Fleet ME, McCammon C (1991) Alpha-decay damage in titanite. Am Mineral 76:370-396
107. Hazen RM, Finger LW (1982) Comparative Crystal Chemistry. Temperature, Pressure, Composition and the Variation of Crystal Structure. 231 p. John Wiley & Sons, New York
108. Henderson CMB, Charnock JM, Helz GR, Kohn SC, Pattrick RAD, Vaughan DJ (1991) EXAFS in earch sciences research. In: SS Hasnain (ed) X-ray Absoiption Fine Structure, p. 573-578. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK
109. Henderson CMB, Chamock JM, van der Laan G, Schreyer W (1992) X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Mg in minerals and glasses. Synchrotron Radiation: Appendix to Daresbury Annual Report 1991/92,77
110. Henderson GS, Fleet ME (1995) The structure of Ti-silicate glasses by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Can Mineral 33:399-408
111. 2 using quasi-crystalline modelling. J Non-Crystal Solids 68:333-349
112. Hess PC (1991) The role of high field strength cations in silicate melts. In: Physical Chemistry of Magmas, LL Perchuk, I Kushiro (eds) p 152-191, Springer-Verlag, New York
113. Hochella MF Jr, Brown GE Jr (1984) The structures of albite and jadeite composition glasses quenched from high pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1137-1142
114. Hochella MF Jr, Brown GE Jr (1985) Structure and composition of rhyolitic composition melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48: 2631-2640
115. Hosemann R, Bagchi H (1962) Direct Analysis of Difffraction by Matter. 120 p. North-Holland Pub Co, Amsterdam
116. Imaoka M, Hasegawa H, Yasui, I. (1983) X-ray diffraction study of the structure of silicate glasses. Part 2. Alklai disilicate glasses. Phys Chem Glasses 24:72-78
117. Irvine TN, Kushiro I (1976) Partitioning of Ni and Mg between olivine and silicate liquids. Carnegie Inst Washington Yrbk 75:668-675
118. 3 at 2170 K. Acta Cryst B36:228-230
119. 2. Phys Rev Letters 63:398-401
120. Jackson WE (1991) Spectroscopic Studies of Ferrous Iron in Silicate Liquids, Glasses, and Crystals. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 162 p
121. 8 binary-structural implications for the mixedalkali effect. J Non-Ciystal Solids 93:311-322
122. 2 evidence for reduced coordination of ferrous iron in the liquid. Science 262:229-233
123. Jackson WE, Waychunas GA, Brown GE Jr, Mustre de Leon J, Conradson S, Combes J-M (1991) In situ high-temperature X-ray absorption study of ferrous iron in orthosilicate crystals and liquids. In: SS Hasnain (ed) X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, p 298-301. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK
124. Jackson WE, Yeager M, Mabrouk PA, Waychunas GA, Farges F, Solomon EI, Brown GE Jr (1995) Spectroscopic study of ferrous iron in amorphous silicates: implications for the structure of silicate melts of geochemical interest J Am Chem Soc (submitted)
125. Keen DA, McGreevy RL (1990) Structural modelling of glasses using reverse Monte Carlo simulation. Nature 344:423-425
126. Keppler H (1992) Crystal field spectra and geochemistry of transition metal ions in silicate melts and glasses. Am Mineral 77:62-75
127. Keppler H (1993) Influence of fluorine on the enrichment of high field strength trace elements in granitic rocks. Contrib Mineral Petrol 114:479-488
128. Keppler H, Rubie DC (1993) Pressure-induced coordination changes of transition-metal ions in silicate melts. Nature 364:54-56
129. 7. N Jahrb Mineral Monat:l-10
130. Klug HP, Alexander LE (1954) X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials. 716 p. John Wiley & Sons, New York
131. Kohn SC, Charnock JM, Henderson CMB, Greaves GN (1990) The structural environments of trace elements in dry and hydrous silicate glasses. A manganese and strontium AT-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic study. Contrib Mineral Petrol 105: 359-368
132. Koningsberger DC, Prins R, Eds. (1988) X-ray Absorption: Principles, Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES. 673 p. John Wiley & Sons, New York
133. Konnert JH, Karle J (1972) Tridymite-like structure in silica glass. Nature (Phys Sci) 236:92-93
134. Konnert JH, Karle J (1973) The computation of radial distribution functions for glassy materials. Acta Cryst A29:702-710
135. Konnert JH, D'Antonio P, Karle J (1982) Comparison of radial distribution functions for silica glass with those for various bonding topologies: use of correlation functions. J Non-Crystal Solids 53:135-141
136. Konnert JH, Karle J, Ferguson G (1973) Crystalline ordering in silica and germania glasses. Science 181:177-179
137. Krogh-Moe J (1956) A method for converting experimental X-ray intensities to an absolute scale. Acta Cryst 9:951-953
138. 4 melts and glasses. Phys Chem Minerals 17:661-673
139. Kutzler FW, Natoli CR, Misemer DK, Doniach S, Hodgson KO (1980) Use of one elecron theory for the interpretation of near edge structure in K-shell X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal complexes. J Chem Phys 73:3274-3288
140. Lager GA, Meagher EP (1978) High-temperature structural study of six olivines. Am Mineral 63:365-377
141. 2-bearing silicate liquids: evidence for anomalous changes in configurational entropy with temperature. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2931-2946
142. 2O: etude par spectrometrie d'absorption X. Bull Minéral 106:77-85
143. Leadbetter AJ (1994) The role of large facilities in understanding silicate glasses. J Non-Crystal Solids 179:116-124
144. Leadbetter AJ, Wright AC (1972) Diffraction studies of glass structure. I. Theory and quasi-crystalline models. J Non-Crystal Solids 7:23-36
145. Lebedev AA (1921) Trudy Gos, Otical Institute 2:1 (as quoted in Bartenev, 1970)
146. Levy HA, Danford MD, Narten AH (1966) Data collection and evaluation with an X-ray diffractometer designed for the study of liquid structure. ORNL-3960, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
147. 5. Am Mineral 79:785-788
148. Li D, Bancroft GM, Fleet ME, Feng XH (1995) Silicon X-edges XANES spectra of silicate minerals. Phys Chem Minerals 22:115-122
149. Lorch E (1969) Neutron diffraction by germania, silica and radiation-damaged silica glasses. J Phys C (Solid State Phys) 2:229-237
150. Lowenstein W (1954) The distribution of aluminum in the tetrahedra of silicates and aluminates. Am Mineral 39:92-96
151. Lytle FW (1989) Experimental X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In: Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, H Winick et al. (eds) p 135-223. Gordon and Breach, New York
152. Lytle FW, Greegor RB, Sandstrom DR, Marques DR, Wong J, Spiro CL, Huffman GP, Huggins FE (1984) Measurement of soft X-ray absorption spectra with a fluorescence ion chamber detector. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res 226:542-548
153. Marumo F, Morikawa H, Shimizugawa Y, Tokonami M, Miyake M, Ohsumi K, Sasaki S (1989) Diffractometer for synchrotron radiation structural studies of high temperature melts. Rev Sci Instr 60:2421-2424
154. Marumo F, Okuno M (1984) X-ray structural studies of molten silicates: anorthite and albite melts. In: Materials Science of the Earth's Interior, I Sunagawa (ed) p 25-38. Terra Scientific, Tokyo
155. Marumo F, Tabira Y, Mabuchi T, Morikawa H (1990) Coordinations of transition metals in amorphous silicates. In: Dynamic Processes of Material Transport and Transformation in the Earth's Interior, F Marumo (ed) p 53-65. Terra Scientific, Tokyo
156. 4 under low and high pressures. In: High Pressure Research in Geophysics, S Akimoto, M. Manghani (eds) p 511-524, Reidel, Tokyo
157. 3-S i 0 2 system. J Non-Crystal Solids 74:325-348
158. 2 system. J Non-Crystal Solids 74:349-371
159. McMillan PF, Wolf GH, Poe BT (1992) Vibrational spectroscopy of silicate liquids and glasses. Chem Geol 96:351-366
160. 2 glass. Phys Rev Letters 69:1387-1390
161. 2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperature. Can Mineral 17:77-85
162. Mitchell EWJ, Poncet PFJ, Stewart RJ (1976) The ion pair distribution functions in molten rubidium chloride. Phil Mag 31:721-732
163. Misawa M, Price DL, Suzuki K (1980) The short-range structure of alkali disilicate glasses by pulsed neutron totral scattering. J Non-Crystal Solids 37:85-97
164. Miyata T, Ishizawa N, Minato I, Iwai S. (1979) Gas-flame heating equipment providing temperatures up to 2.600K for the four-circle diffractometer. J Appl Cryst 12:303-305
165. 3 glasses. J Am Ceram Soc 65:78-81
166. Mozzi R, Warren BE (1969) The structure of vitreous silica. J Appl Cryst 2:164-172
167. Musinu A, Piccaluga G (1994) X-ray diffraction studies of multicomponent oxide glasses. J Non-Crystal Solids 177:81-90
168. Mustre de Leon J, Conradson SD, Bishop AR, Raistric ID, Batistic I, Jackson WE, Brown GE Jr, Waychunas GA (1991) XAFS analysis in the anharmonic limit: Applications to Hi-Tc superconductors and ferrosilicates. In: XAFS VI, Sixth International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, SS Hasnain (ed) p 54-57. Ellis Horwood Ltd. Publishers, Chichester, UK
169. Mysen BO (1988) Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts. 354 p. Elsevier, Amstedam
170. Navrotsky A, Geisinger KL, McMillan PF, Gibbs GV (1985) The tetrahedral framework in glasses and melts-Influences from molecular orbital calculations and implications for structure, thermodynamics, and physical properties. Phys Chem Minerals 11:284-298
171. Natoli CR, Benfatto M (1986) A unifying scheme of interpretation of X-ray absorption spectra based on multiple scattering theory. J Physique 47 C8:ll-23
172. Nelson C, Furukawa T, White WB (1983) Transition metal ions in glasses: network modifiers or quasimolecular complexes? Mat Res Soc Bull 18:959-966
173. Nelson C, White WB (1980) Transition metal ions in silicate melts: I. Manganese in sodium silicate melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:887-893
174. Nelson C, White WB (1986) Transition metal ions in silicate melts: IV. Cobalt in sodium silicate and related glasses. J Mat Sci 1:130-138
175. Norman N (1957) A Fourier transform method for normalizing intensities. Acta Cryst 10:370-373
176. Nukui A, Iwai S, Tagai H (1972) Gas flame heating equipment providing up to 2300°C for an X-ray diffractometer. Rev Sci Instr 42:1299-1301
177. 2 glass employing partial RDFs obtained by anomalous scattering. J Non-Crystal Solids 150:376-379
178. Nukui A, Tagai H, Morikawa H, Iwai S (1976) Structural conformation and solidification of molten alumina J Am Ceram Soc 59:534-536
179. Nukui A, Tagai H, Morikawa H, Iwai S (1978) Structural study of molten silica by an X-ray radial distribution analysis. J Am Ceram Soc 61:174-176
180. Okuno M, Marumo F (1982) The structures of anorthite and albite melts. Mineral J 11:180-196
181. 2) glasses by X-ray diffraction method. Mineral J 16:407-415
182. 8 glasses by X-ray diffraction and EXAFS measurements. Rept Res Lab Engin Materials, Tokyo Inst Technol 11:1-9
183. Okuno M, Marumo F, Morikawa H, Nakashima S, Iiyama JT (1987) Structures of hydrated glasses in the albite-anorthite-quartz system. Mineral J 13:434-442
184. 8 and NaGaGejOj glasses by X-ray diffraction and EXAFS measurements. Mineral J (Japan) 12:101-121
185. 2 glass. J Non-Crystal Solids 87:312-320
186. 2 system by the EXAFS method. J Non-Crystal Solids 176:116-126
187. Paris E, Dingwell DB, Romano C, Seifert FA (1993) X-ray absorption study of Ti in silicate melts. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 74:347 (abstract)
188. Paris E, Dingwell DB, Seifert FA, Mottana A, Romano C (1994) Pressure-induced coordination change of Ti in silicate glass: a XANES study. Phys Chem Minerals 21: 510-515
189. Paris E, Romano C, Wu Z (1995) Application of multiple scattering calculations to the study of local geometry of titanium in silicate glasses of geological interest. Physica B 208-209:351-353
190. Pauling L (1929) The principles determining the structure of complex ionic crystals. J Am Chem Soc 51:1010-1026
191. Petiau J, Calas G (1985) EXAFS and edge structures: application to nucleation in oxide glasses. J Physique 47 C8:949-953
192. Petiau J, Calas G, Dumas T, Heron AM (1984) EXAFS and edge studies of transition elements in silicate glasses. In: EXAFS and Near Edge Structure III, KO Hodgson, B Hedman, JE Penner-Hahn (eds) p 291-296, Springer-Verlag, New York
193. Petit-Maire D, Petiau J, Calas G, Jacquet-Francillon N (1986) Local structure around actinides in borosilicate glasses. J Physique 47 C8:849-852
194. Philips JC (1982) Spectroscopic and morphological structure of tetrahedral oxide glasses. Solid State Phys 37:93-171
195. 3 glasses and liquids; a study by NMR and IR spectroscopy and MD simulations. Chem Geol 96:333-349
196. 3 liquids: In situ study by hightemperature 27AI NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. J Phys Chem 96:8220-8224
197. Ponader CW, Brown GE Jr (1989) Rare earth elements in silicate glass/melt systems: I. Effects of composition on the coordination environments of La, Gd, and Yb. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2893-2903
198. Porai-Koshits EA (1958) The Structure of Glass, p 25, Consultants Bureau, New York
199. Poulsen HF, Neuefeind J, Neumann H-B, Schneider JR, Zeidler MD (1995) Amorphous silica studied by high energy X-ray diffraction. J Non-Crystal Solids 188:63-74
200. Prober JM, Schultz JM (1975) Liquid-structure analysis by energy-scanning X-ray diffraction: mercury. J Appi Cryst 8:405-414
201. Randall JT, Rooksby HP, Cooper BS (1930) X-ray diffraction and the structure of vitreous solids-I. Zeit Krist 75:196-214
202. Rawson H (1967) Inorganic Glass-Forming Systems. 267 p. Academic Press, New York
203. Rehr JJ, Zabinsky ZI, Albers RC (1992) High-order multiple scattering calculations of X-ray-absorption fine structure. Phys Rev Letters 69:3397-4000
204. 2. J Non-Crystal Solids 16:325-327
205. Richet P, Bottinga Y (1985) Heat capacity of aluminium-free liquid silicates. Geochim Cosmocbim Acta 49:471-486
206. Richet P, Gillet P, Pierre A, Bouhifd A, Daniel I, Fiquet G (1993) Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and phase relationship determinations with a versatile heating cell for measurements up to 3600 K (or 2700 K in air). J Appl Phys 74:5451-5456
207. 3 glasses. J Am Ceram Soc 70:C10-C12
208. Roeder PL (1974) Activity of iron and olivine solubility in basaltic liquids. Earth Planet Sci Letters 23:397-410
209. 3 glasses. J Phys Chem 95:4483-4489
210. Scamehorn CA, Angell CA (1991) Viscosity-temperature relations and structure in fully polymerized aluminosilicate melts from ion dynamics simulations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:721-730
211. Seifert F, Paris E, Dingwell DB, Davoli I, Mottana A (1993) In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy to 1500 °C: cell design, operation, and first results. Terra Abstracts l:366
212. Shannon RD (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst A32:751-767
213. Shannon RD, Prewitt CT (1969) Effective ionic radii in oxides and fluorides. Acta Cryst B25:925-945
214. 5 glass system. J Non-Crystal Solids 176:76-84
215. 2 system. Trans Japan Inst Metals 19:264-274
216. Smith JV (1974) Feldspar Minerals 1. Crystal Structure and Physical Properties. 627 p. Springer-Verlag, New York
217. 29Si NMR. Nature 330:465-467
218. Stebbins JF, Farnan I (1989) Nuclear magnetic resonance specroscopy in the earth sciences: structure and dynamics. Science 245:257-263
219. Stebbins JF, Farnan I (1992) Effects of high temperature on silicate liquid structure: a multinuclear NMR study. Science 255: 856-589
220. Stebbins JF, Farnan I, Xue X (1992) The structure and dynamics of alkali silicate liquids: A view from NMR spectroscopy. Chem Geol 96:371-385
221. 409 glass quenched from 1.9 GPa and 1200 °C. Am Mineral 74:965-968
222. Stebbins JF, McMillan PF (1993) Compositional and temperature effects on five-coordinated silicon in ambient pressure silicate glasses. J Non-Crystal Solids 160: 116-125
223. 2: methodology and melt structures. Am Mineral 80:417-431
224. Stern EA, Heald SM (1983) Basic principles and applications of EXAFS. In: Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation lb955-1014. EE Koch (ed) North Holland, New York
225. Stem EA, Livins P, Zhang Z (1991) Thermal vibration and melting from a local perspective. Phys Rev B43:8850-8860
226. 2+ between olivine and silicate melts: compositional dependence of partition coefficient. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:1829-1844
227. Takeda S, Petkov VG, Sugiyama K, Waseda Y (1993a) Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) facility for determining structure of high temperature melts with a stationary specimen goniometer. Mat Trans, Japan Inst Metal 34:410-414
228. Takeda S, Sugiyama K, Waseda Y (1993b) Structural analysis of molten bismuth germanate compounds. Japan J Appl Phys Part 1 32:5633-5336
229. Taylor M (1979) A quasi-crystalline model for interpretation of radial distribution functions: theory and experimental confirmation. J Appl Cryst 12:442-449
230. 8. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:61-75
231. 4 join. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1467-1473
232. Taylor M, Brown GE Jr, Fenn PM (1980) Structure of mineral glasses III: NaAISijOs supercooled liquid at 805°C and the effects of thermal history. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:109-117
233. Teo B (1986) EXAFS: Basic Principles and Data Analysis. Inorg Chem Concepts 9, 349 p. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
234. Thompson VS, Whittemore OJ (1968) Structural changes on reheating plasma-sprayed alumina. Am Ceram Soc Bull 47:637-641
235. 2 molecules. Phys Rev B46:5997-6019
236. 2. Europhys Letters 18:85-90
237. Valenkov N, Porai-Koshits E (1936) X-ray investigation of the glassy state. Zeit Krist 95:195-229
238. Veal BW, Mundy JN, Lam DJ (1987) Actinides in silicate glasses. In: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides, AJ Freeman, GH Lander (eds) p 271-312. Elsevier, Amsterdam
239. Vessal B, Greaves GN, Marten PT, Chadwick AV, Mole R, Houde-Walter S (1992) Cation microsegregation and ionic mobility in mixed alkali glasses. Nature 356:504-506
240. Vogel W (1971) Structure and Crystallization of Glasses (Ed. Leipzig). 246 p. Pergamon Press, New York
241. Waff HS (1975) Pressure-induced coordination changes in magmatic liquids. Geophys Res Letters 2:193-196
242. Wagner CNJ (1978) Direct methods for the determination of atomic-scale structure of amorphous solids (X-ray, electrons, and neutron scattering). J Non-Crystal Solids 31:1-40
243. Warburton WK, Ludwig KF Jr, Wilson L, Bienenstock A (1987) Differential anomalous X-ray scattering technique for determination of liquid and amorphous structures. In: Phase Transitions in Condensed Systems-Experiments and Theory. GS Cargill III, F Spaepen, NT King (eds) p 211-225. Mat Res Soc, Pittsburg, PA
244. Warren BE (1933) X-ray diffraction of vitreous silica. Zeit Krist 86:349-358
245. Warren BE (1969) X-ray Diffraction. 381 p. Addison-Wesley, New York
246. Warren BE, Biscoe J (1938) The structure of silica glass by X-ray diffraction studies. J Am Ceram Soc 21:49-54
247. Warren BE, Krutter H, Morningstar O (1936) Fourier analysis of X-ray patterns of vitreous S i 0 2 and B2 0 3 J Am Ceram Soc 19:202-206
248. Waseda Y (1980) The Structure of Non-Crystalline Materials. 326 p. McGraw-Hill, New York
249. Waseda Y, Hirata K, Ohtani M (1975) High-temperature thermal expansion of platinum, tantalum, molydenum, and tungsten measured by X-ray diffraction. High Temp-High Press 7:221-226
250. 3-S i 0 2 system by X-ray diffraction. Trans Japan Inst Metals 21:51-62
251. Waseda Y, Suito H (1977) The structure of molten alkali metal silicates. Trans Iron Steel Inst Japan 17:82-91
252. 2-Metal Trans B 8B:563-568
253. Waseda Y, Toguri JM (1978) The structure of the molten F e 0-S i 0 2 system. Metal Trans B 9B:595-601
254. Waseda Y, Toguri JM (1990) Structure of silicate melts determined by X-ray diffraction. In: Dynamic Processes of Material Transport and Transformation in the Earth's Interior, F Marumo (ed) p 37-51. Terra Scientific, Tokyo
255. Watson EB (1979) Zircon saturation in felsic liquids: experimental results and applications to trace element geochemistry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 70:407-419
256. Waychunas GA (1987) Synchrotron radiation XANES spectroscopy of Ti in minerals. Effects of Ti bonding distances, Ti valence, and site geometry on absorption edge structure. Am Mineral 72:89-101
257. Waychunas GA, Apted MJ, Brown GE Jr (1983) X-ray A'-edge absorption spectra of Fe minerals and model compounds: I. near-edge structure. Phys Chem Minerals 10:1-9
258. Waychunas GA, Brown GE Jr, Apted MJ (1986) X-ray K-edge absorption spectra of Fe minerals and model compounds: n. EXAFS. Phys Chem Minerals 13:31-47
259. Waychunas GA, Brown GE Jr, Jackson WE, Ponader CW (1989) In situ high temperature X-ray absorption study of iron in alkalisilicte melts and glasses. Physica B 158:67-68
260. Waychunas GA, Brown GE Jr, Ponader CW, Jackson WE (1987) High temperature X-ray absorption study of iron sites in crystalline, glassy and molten silicates and oxides. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab Report 87/01:139-141
261. Waychunas GA, Brown GE Jr, Ponader CW, Jackson WE (1988). Evidence from X-ray absorption for network forming Fe2 + in molten silicates. Nature 332:251-253
262. Weinberg DL (1962) Surface effects in small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Phys 33: 1012-1013
263. Williams RJP (1959) Deposition of trace elements in basic magmas. Nature 184:44
264. Winter JK, Okamura FP, Ghose S (1979) A high-temperature structural study of high albite, monalbite, and the analbite- > monalbite phase transition. Am Mineral 64:409-423
265. Wong J, Lytle FW, Messmer RP, Maylotte DH (1984) A'-edge absorption spectra of selected vanadium compounds. Phys Rev B30:5596-5610
266. Wright AC (1974) The structure of amorphous solids by X-ray and neutron diffraction. In: Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods 5:1-84. W Hoppe, R Mason (eds) Pergamon Press, New York
267. Wright AC (1988) Neutron and X-ray amoiphography. J Non-Crystal Solids 106:1-16
268. Wright AC (1993a) The comparison of molecular dynamics simulations with diffraction experiments. J Non-Crystal Solids 159:264-268
269. Wright AC (1993b) Neutron and X-ray amorphography. In: Experimental Techniques of Glass Science, Ceram Trans, CJ Simmons, OH El-Bayoumi (eds) p 205-314. Am Ceram Soc, Westerville, OH
270. Wright AC (1994) Neutron scattering from vitreous silica V. The structure of vitreous silica: What have we learned from 60 years of diffraction studies? J Non-Crystal Solids 179:84-115
271. Wright AC, Clare AG, Bachra B, Sinclair RN, Hannon AC, Vessal, B (1991) Neutron diffraction studies of silicate glasses. In: Trans Am Cryst Assoc 27, AC Wright (ed) p 239-254, Polycrystal Book Service, P.O. Box 3439, Dayton, OH
272. Wright AC, Etherington G, Desa JAE, Sinclair RN, Connell GAN, Mikkelsen JC Jr (1982) Neutron amorphography. J Non-Crystal Solids 49:63-102
273. Wright AC, Leadbetter AJ (1976) Diffraction studies of glass structure. Phys Chem Glasses 17:122-145
274. Xue X, Stebbins JF, Kanzaki, M, McMillan PF, Poe B (1991) Pressure-induced silicon coordination and tetrahedral structural changes in alkali oxide-silica melts up to 12 GPa: NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. Am Mineral 76:8-26
275. Xue X, Stebbins JF, Kanzaki M, Tronnes RG (1989) Silicon coordination and speciation changes in a silicate liquid at high pressures. Science 245:962-964
276. 2-J Non-Crystal Solids 79:117-136
277. Yasui I, Akasaka Y, Inoue H (1994) Re-examination of detailed structure of alkali silicate glasses based on two types of diffraction data. J Non-Crystal Solids 177: 91-96
278. Yasui I, Hasegawa H, Imaoka M (1983) X-ray diffraction study of the structure of silicate glasses. Part 1. Alkali metasilicate glasses. Phys Chem Glasses 24:65-71
279. Yin CD, Okuno M, Morikawa H, Marumo F (1983) Structure analysis of MgSiOj glass. J Non-Crystal Solids 55:131-141
280. Yin CD, Okuno M, Morikawa H, Marumo F, Yamanaka T (1986) Structural analysis of CaSiOj glass by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. J Non-Crystal Solids 80:167-184
281. Zabinsky SI, Rehr JJ, Ankudinov A, Albers RC, Eller MJ (1995) Multiple scattering calculations of X-ray absorption spectra. Phys Rev B52:2995-3006
282. Zachariasen WH (1932) The atomic arrangement in glass. J Am Chem Soc 54:3841-3851
283. Zachariasen WH (1933) The vitreous state. J Chem Phys 3:162-163
284. Zarzycki, J (1957) Bond angle of Si-O-Si in vitreous silica and Ge-O-Ge in vitreous or liquid germanium oxide. Verres Refract 11:3-8
285. Zemike F, Prins JA (1927) The bending of X-rays in liquids as an effect of molecular arrangement. Zeit Physik 41:184-194
286. Zhou R-S, Snyder RL (1991) Structures and transformation mechanisms of the η,γ and β transition aluminas. Acta Cryst B47:617-630