Viking and Laval: An Introduction

Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies

Volumn 10, Issue , 2008, Pages 463-492

  Barnard, Catherine ^a,b  

^a European Union   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008156893     PISSN: 15288870     EISSN: 20497636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1528887000001403     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Case C-341/05, Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet [2007] ECR I-11767
2. R Eklund, 'The Laval Case' (2006) 35 ILJ 202.
3. Case C-438/05, Viking Line ABP v The International transport Workers' Federation, the Finnish Seaman's Union, judgment of 11 December 2007 (hereinafter, 'Viking');
4. judgments in the High Court, [2005] EWHC 1222, [2005] 3 CMLR 29 (QB)
5. Court of Appeal, [2005] EWCA Civ 1299, [2006] 1 CMLR 27.
6. C Woolfson and J Sommers, 'Labour Mobility in Construction: European Implications of the Laval un Partneri Dispute with Swedish Labour' (2006) 12 EJIR 49.
7. 'EU Court: Swedish union breached Latvian company's rights', International Herald Tribune, 18 December 2007.
8. Case C-438/05, Viking, Opinion of 23 May 2007, para 23.
9. Case C-341/05, Laval, Opinion of 23 May 2007, para 50.
10. See eg Case C-158/96, Kohll v Union des caisses de maladie [1998] ECR I-1931, paras 17-19.
11. Case C-112/00, Schmidberger [2003] ECR I-5659, para 77.
12. Case C-36/02, Omega [2004] ECR I-9609, para 36.
13. K Ewing, 'The Implications of Wilson and Palmer' (2003) 32 ILJ 1.
14. A Davies, 'One Step Forward, Twp Steps Back? The Viking and Laval cases in the ECJ' (2008) 37 ILJ 126, 139.
15. For discussion, see T Novitz, International and European Protection of the Right to Strike (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002) 163-7.
16. Case C-67/96, Albany [1999] ECR I-5751.
17. Case C-519/04 P, Meca-Medina and Majcen v Commission [2006] ECR I-6991.
18. Case C-15/96, Schöning-Kougebetopoulou [1998] ECR I-47;
19. Case C-35/97, Commission v France [1998] ECR I-5325;
20. Case C-400/02, Merida [2004] ECR I-8471
21. Joined Cases C-193 & 194/87, Maurissen and European Public Service Union v Court of Auditors [1990] ECR I-95, para 35
22. Case C-415/93, Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football Association ASBL v Bosman [1995] ECR I-4921.
23. Case C-281/98, [2000] ECR I-4139.
24. P Syrpis and T Novitz, 'Economic and Social Rights in Conflict: Political and Judicial Approaches to their Reconciliation' (2008) 33 EL Rev 411.
25. Case C-76/90, Säger [1991] ECR I-4221, para 12;
26. Case C-55/94, Gebhard [1995] ECR I-4165.
27. Case C-319/06 Commission v Luxembourg, judgment of 19 June 2008, paras. 30-31 and 49-50.
28. Case C-346/06, Dirk Rüffert v Land Niedersachsen, Opinion of 20 September 2006, paras 82-3.
29. Case C-346/06, Dirk Rüffert v Land Niedersachsen, judgment of 3 April 2008, para 33 (hereinafter, 'Rüffert').
30. See, by analogy, the Court's interpretation of the Equal Pay Directive 75/117 and its relationship with Art 141 EC. In Case 96/80, Jenkins v Kingsgate [1981] ECR 911
31. Case C-319/06 Commission v Luxembourg, judgment of 19 June 2008, para. 33.
32. See also the earlier decision in Joined Cases C-270 & 271/97, Deutsche Post AG v Elisabeth Sievers and Brunhilde Schrage [2000] ECR I-929.
33. For a discussion of this term, see C Joerges and F Rödl, '"Social Market Economy" as Europe's Social Model?', EUI Working Paper LAW No 2004/8, 19
34. C Joerges 'Democracy and European Integration: A Legacy of Tensions, a Reconceptualisation and Recent True Conflicts', EUI Working Paper LAW No 2007/25.
35. Working Group XI on Social Europe (CONV 516/1/03 REV 1), para 17.
36. Para. 86, citing Syndicat national de la police belge v Belgium (App no 4464/70) (1975) Series A no 19;
37. Wilson, National Union of Journalists v United Kingdom (App nos 30668/96, 30671/96 and 30678/96) ECHR 2002-V, § 44.
38. accessed 26 August 2008.
39. Case C-513/99, Concordia Bus Finland v Helsingin jaupunki [2002] ECR I-7213, paras 62-7
40. N Reich, 'Free Movement v. Social Rights in an Enlarged Union: The Viking and Laval cases before the European Court of Justice' (2008) 9 German Law Journal 125.
41. Case C-338/04, [2007] ECR I-1891.
42. C Barnard, 'Justifications, Proportionality and the Four Freedoms: Do they Really Protect State Interest?' in C Barnard and O Odudu, The Outer Limits of EU Law (Oxford, Hart Publishing, forthcoming).
43. C Barnard, 'The 'Opt-Out' for the UK and Poland from the Charter of Fundamental Rights: Triumph of Rhetoric over Reality?' in S Griller and J Ziller (eds), The Treaty of Lisbon: EU Constitutionalism without a Constitutional Treaty (Vienna, Springer, 2008).
44. See, eg Joined Cases 56 & 58/64, Consten and Grundig [1966] ECR 299, 345.
45. Case C-250/06, United Pan-Europe Communications Belgium SA v Etat Belge, judgment of 13 December 2007;
46. Case C-244/06, Dynamic Medien, judgment of 14 February 2008, para 44.
47. Case C-411/05, Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios [2007] ECR I-8531.
48. J Sweeney, 'A "Margin of Appreciation" in the Internal Market: Lessons from the European Court of Human Rights' (2007) 34 LIEI 27.
49. See, eg N Tait, G Parker and R Anderson, 'First blood to unions in key EU pay case', Financial Times, 24 May 2007;
50. H Mahoney, 'EU Court upholds trade unions' rights', eu.observer, 23 May 2007;
51. 'Viking and Laval: a Curate's Egg and a Bad Egg', press release of 9 January 2008, available at accessed 26 August 2008.
52. 'Dumping social: les syndicates européens "déçus" par la Cour de Justice', Le Monde.fr, 18 December 2007.
53. accessed 26 August 2008.
54. H Mahoney, 'EU court judgements affecting Irish treaty campaign', euobserver.com, 6 May 2008.
55. See also L Kirk, 'Copenhagen asked to check workers; rights before EU Treaty ratified', euobserver.com, 12 February 2008.
56. 'Laval case: disappointment of the ETUC', accessed 26 August 2008.
57. Case C-212/06, Government of the French Community and Walloon Government v Flemish Government, judgment of 1 April 2008.
58. BALPA is the British Airlines Pilot's Association.
59. accessed 26 August 2008.
60. accessed 26 August 2008.
61. Joined Cases C-46 & 48/93 Brasserie du Pêcheur SA v Germany; and R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex p Factortame (Factortame III) [1996] ECR I-1029.
62. A Davies, 'The Right to Strike versus freedom of establishment in EC Law: The Battle Commences' (2006) 35 ILJ 75.
63. See, eg Case 7/61, Commission v Italy [1961] ECR 317, 329
64. Case C-324/93, R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Evans Medical Ltd (Generics (UK) Ltd intervening) [1995] ECR I-563.
65. B Bercusson, 'The Trade Union Movement and the European Union: Judgment Day' (2007) 13 ELJ 279.
66. A report in the FT (S Wagstyl, J Cienski, K Eddy and T Escritt, 'Gone west: why Eastern Europe is labouring under an abundance of jobs', FT, 16 January 2008)
67. 'Nokia finds Romania's labour force, closes German plants', accessed 26 August 2008.