Interpreting Intervention

Canadian Yearbook of International Law

Volumn 39, Issue , 2002, Pages 333-369

  Scott, Craig ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008154383     PISSN: 00690058     EISSN: 19250169     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0069005800007591     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Michael Reisman, "International Lawmaking: A Process of Communication" (1981) 75 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law 101.
2. Lloyd Axworthy, "Keynote Speech" ("Think Canada" Conference on Issues for the Twenty-First Century: Think Peace and Security, Tokyo, Japan, April 17, 2001) [unpublished].
3. See Lloyd Axworthy, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada, "Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention: Notes for an Address (2000/29)" (Washington, DC, June 16, 2000) [unpublished];
4. Jozias van Aartsen, Foreign Minister of the Netherlands, "Opening Remarks," in International Peace Academy, "Humanitarian Action: International Peace Academy Report," report of a Conference (New York: International Peace Academy, 2000), Annex II, at 12.
5. Michael Glennon, "American Hegemony in an Unplanned World Order" (2000) 5 Journal of Con- Xict and Security Law 3;
6. Christopher Hitchens, "Rogue Nation U.S.A.," Mother Jones, May/June 2001, at 32.
7. UN Security Council Resolution 678 (1990), November 29, 1990, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002).
8. UN Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), April 3, 1991, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002).
9. This is an argument by analogy with the provisions on material breach of treaties: see Article 60 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, January 27, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331.
10. United Nations - Iraq Memorandum of Understanding, February 23, 1998, (1998) 37 I.L.M. 501.
11. See, UN Security Council Resolution 1154 (1998), March 2, 1998, at para. 3, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002)
12. Note by the President of the Security Council, UN Doc. S/25091 (1993). In 1997
13. Statement of the President of the Security Council, UN Doc. S/PRST/1997/49, October 29, 1997, text can be accessed online at (last visited 28 March 2002).
14. See Christine Gray, "After the CeaseWre: Iraq, the Security Council and the Use of Force" (1994) 65 British Yearbook of International Law 135 at 154, 167.
15. John Goshko, "Three on Security Council Oppose 'Automatic Trigger' on Iraq," Washington Post, February 28, 1998, at A20
16. "Annan: U.S. Must Consult before Attacking Iraq," remarks of the Secretary- General, which can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002) [emphasis added].
17. The remarks of the Secretary-General were made on ABC News, This Week (ABC television broadcast, March 8, 1998).
18. Jules Lobel and Michael Ratner, "Bypassing the Security Council: Ambiguous Authorizations to Use Force, Cease-Fires and the Iraqi Inspection Regime" (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 124.
19. Military Activities in and against Nicaragua Case (Nicaragua v. United States of America), [1986] I.C.J. Rep. 14 at para. 181
20. Constantin Stavropoulos, "The Practice of Voluntary Abstentions by Permanent Members of the Security Council under Article 27, Paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations" (1967) 61 American Journal of International Law 737
21. Bruno Simma and Stefan Brunner, "Article 27," in Bruno Simma, ed., The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994) 433 at 453.
22. Myres McDougal and Richard N. Gardner, "The Veto and the Charter: An Interpretation for Survival?" (1951) 60 Yale Law Journal 258 at 259.
23. Declaration on Granting Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, UN GA Res. 1514 (XV), December 14, 1960 [colloquially known as the Colonial Declaration].
24. See, for example, W. Ofuatey-Kodjoe, "Chapter Seven: Self-Determination," in Oscar Schachter and Christopher Joyner, eds., United Nations Legal Order, vol. 2 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 349 at 350
25. UN Security Council Resoultion 788 (1992), November 19, 1992, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002)
26. Christine Gray in "Chapter Six: Regional Arrangements and the United Nations Collective Security System," in Hazel Fox, ed., The Changing Constitution of the United Nations (London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1997) 91 at 104-5
27. Christopher Greenwood, "International Law and the NATO Intervention in Kosovo" (2000) 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 926 at 929.
28. Craig Scott, "Grenada, Nicaragua and Panama: Tracking Force-for-Democracy Discourse in the 1980s," in Yves LeBouthillier, Donald McRae, and Donat Pharand, eds., Selected Papers in International Law: Contribution of the Canadian Council of International Law (The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999) 169 at 195-200.
29. Bruno Simma, "NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects" (1999) 10 European Journal of International Law 1;
30. Ian Brownlie and C.J. Apperley, "Kosovo Crisis Inquiry: Memorandum on the International Law Aspects" (2000) 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 878 and 910;
31. Christine Chinkin, "The Legality of NATO's Action in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) under International Law" (2000) 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 345;
32. Vaughan Lowe, "International Legal Issues Arising in the Kosovo Crisis" (2000) 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 358;
33. Ruth Wedgwood, "NATO's Campaign in Yugoslavia" (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 828;
34. Louis Henkin, "Kosovo and the Law of 'Humanitarian Intervention'" (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 389;
35. Richard Falk, "Kosovo, World Order, and the Future of International Law" (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 412;
36. and Michael Reisman, "Kosovo's Antimonies" (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 425;
37. Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Commons, United Kingdom, Fourth Report of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (June 7, 2000), Doc. HC28-I, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002).
38. UN Security Council Resolution 1203 (1998), October 24, 1998 at para. 1, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002)
39. It is important to note here that NATO states may have thought that they had Russia's quasi-consent to use force. Tim Judah in his book Kosovo, War and Revenge (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000) 183-85.
40. Abram Chayes, The Cuban Missile Crisis: International Crises and the Role of Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974);
41. Roger K. Smith, "The Legality of Coercive Arms Control" (1994) 19 Yale Journal of International Law 455 at 491-93.
42. Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999), June 10, 1999, text can be accessed online at (last visited March 28, 2002).
43. The International Court of Justice in Certain Expenses of the United Nations, [1962] I.C.J. Rep. 151.
44. Kay Hailbronner and Ekhart Klein, "Article 10," in Bruno Simma, ed., The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford, University Press, 1994) 227
45. Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, September 18, 1997, Conference on Disarmament CD/1478, text can be accessed online at (date accessed: September 2, 2002).
46. Statute of the International Criminal Court, July 17, 1998, UN Doc. A/Conf. 183/9, text can be accessed online at (date accessed: September 2, 2002).