Acts of vagrancy: The C version “autobiography” and the statute of 1388

Written Work: Langland, Labor, and Authorship

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 208-317

  Middkton, Anne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

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EID: 85008146441     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (124)

1. see my essay, “The Audience and Public of Piers Plowman," in Middle English Alliterative Poetry, ed. David Lawton (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1982), 114-115.
2. Lawrence M. Clopper, “Need Men and Women Labor? Langland’s Wanderer and the Labor Ordinances," in Chaucer’s England: Literature in Historical Context, ed. Barbara A. Hanawalt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992), 110-129.
3. Anna P. Baldwin, The Theme of Government in Piers Plowman (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1981), 59, 101.
4. Nicholas Watson, “The Composition of Julian of Norwich’s Revelation of Love” Speculum 68 (1993): 637-683.
5. David Aers, Community, Gender, and Individual Identity: English Writing, 1360-1430 (London: Routledge, 1988), 20-72.
6. Allen J. Frantzen, “Documents and Monuments: Difference and Interdisciplinarity in the Study of Medieval Culture," in Speaking Two Languages: Traditional Disciplines and Contemporary Theory in Medieval Studies, ed. Allen J. Frantzen (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991), 1-24, 225-32.
7. See my essay, “Making a Good End: John But as a Reader of Piers Plowman” in Medieval English Studies Presented to George Kane, ed. Edward Donald Kennedy, Ronald Waldron, and Joseph S. Wittig (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988), 243-266.
8. Caroline M. Barron, “William Langland: A London Poet," in Chaucer’s England: Literature in Historical Context, ed. Barbara A. Hanawalt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992).
9. Ralph Hanna III, William Langland (Aldershot: Variorum, 1993), 8-9, 28-29.
10. E. Talbot Donaldson, Piers Plowman: The C-Text and Its Poet (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1949), 26-28.
11. Ralph Hanna, “On the Versions of Piers Plowman” in Pursuing History: Middle English Manuscripts and Their Texts (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1996), 203-243, offers a conspectus and new hypothesis about the production and dissemination of the poem.
12. Robert Adams, “Editing Piers Plowman B: The Imperative of an Intermittently Critical Edition," Studies in Bibliography 45 (1992): 62-63.
13. Ralph Hanna III, “Studies in the Manuscripts of Piers Plowman” Yearbook ofLanglandStudies 7 (1993): 12.
14. Helen M. Cam, “The Legislators of Medieval England," in Law-Finders and Law-Makers in Medieval England: Collected Studies in Legal and Constitutional History (London: Merlin Press, 1962), 156.
15. J. A. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," English Historical Review 84 (1969): 225-243;
16. L. C. Hector and Barbara Harvey, eds., The Westminster Chronicle, 1381-1394 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966), 355-369.
17. Hanna, William Langland, from the text in Statutes of the Realm 2. 56-59;
18. A. E. Bland, P. A. Brown, and R. H. Tawney, eds., English Economic History: Sekcted Documents, 2d ed. (London:G. Bell, 1915), 171-176.
19. T. R Tout, Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England:The Wardrobe, the Chamber, and the Small Seals, Vol. 3 (Manchester: Mancester University Press, 1928), 440
20. A. L. Beier, “Vagrants and the Social Order in Elizabethan England," Past and Present 64 (1974): 3-29.
21. May McKisack, The Fourteenth Century, 1307-1399 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959), 339
22. Cam, “The Legislators of Medieval England," 135,142, on the role of the justices on framing legislation; on preambles to statutes, see 143.
23. Paul Strohm, Hochon’s Arrow: The Social Imagination of Fourteenth-Century Texts (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992), 57-74.
24. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," 236, 240;
25. R. L. Storey, “Liveries and Commissions of the Peace, 1388-90," in The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack, ed. F. R. H. DuBoulay and Caroline M. Barron (London: Athlone Press, 1971), 140.
26. Caroline M. Barron, “The Quarrel of Richard II with London, 1392-7," in The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack, ed. R R. H. DuBoulay and Caroline M. Barron (London:Athlone Press, 1971), 173-201.
27. Kenneth Bruce McFarlane, Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972), 76-77.
28. L. R. Poos, “The Social Context of Statute of Labourers Enforcement," Law and History Review i (1983): 37-42.
29. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," 225-243.
30. The Monk of Westminster’s account trenchantly records the conflicting rhetorics of class and prerogative at work in the dispute; see 354-59.
31. Hector and Harvey, The Westminster Chronicle, 1381-1394, 358-359.
32. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," 234-235.
33. Strohm, Hochon’s Arrow, 57-74, 179-185.
34. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," 237-238.
35. Caroline M. Barron, “The London Middle English Guild Certificates of 1388-9," Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 108-118, discusses the shared language and the sociopolitical position of those who made returns in London.
36. Statutes of the Realm (London: HMSO, 1810), i. 307.
37. Bland, Brown, and Tawney, English Economic History: Selected Documents, 164-167.
38. Bertha Haven Putnam, The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers during the First Decade after the Black Death, 1349-59 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1908).
39. Odd Langholm, Economics in the Medieval Schools (Leiden: Brill, 1992), passim.
40. Nora Kenyon, “Labor Conditions in Essex in the Reign of Richard II," Economic History Review 4 (1932): 429-460.
41. E. F. Jacob, “Sir John Fortescue and the Law of Nature," Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 18 (1934): 359-376.
42. Christopher Dyer, Standards of Living in the Later Middk Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
43. Eileen Power and M. M. Postan, eds., Studies in English Trade in the Fifteenth Century (London: Routledge, 1933), 102-103;
44. Arthur B. Ferguson, The Articulate Citizen in the English Renaissance (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1965).
45. Bertha Haven Putnam, “Maximum-Wage Laws for Priests After the Black Death, 1348-1381," American Historical Review 21 (1915): 12-32.
46. Dyer, Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages, 144.
47. Brian Tierney, Medieval Poor Law: A Sketch of Canonical Theory and Its Application in England (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959) 5.
48. Brian Tierney, “The Decretists and the Deserving Poor," Comparative Studies in Society and History i (1959): 360-373
49. Tierney, Medieval Poor Law: A Sketch of Canonical Theory and its Application in England, 129.
50. William Lyndwood Provinciate (1443).
51. Putnam, “Maximum-Wage Laws for Priests After the Black Death, 1348-1381," 18-27.
52. Putnam, The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers During the First Decade After the Black Death, 1349-59, 155-156.
53. Howard Kaminsky, “Estate, Nobility, and the Exhibition of Estate in the Later Middle Ages” Speculum 68 (1993)-684-709.
54. Stephanie Trigg, ed., Wynnere and Wastoure, EETS 297 (Oxford, 1990), 37, n. 317;
55. Juliet Vale, Edward III and Chivalry (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1982), 73-74.
56. Jill Mann’s analysis, in Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).
57. Liber albus in Munimenta GildhallaeLondoniensis, ed. Thomas Riley, Rolls Series, vol. i (London: Longman, Brown 1859), 453;
58. R. B. Dobson, The Peasants* Revolt of 1381, 26. ed. (London: Macmillan, 1983), 345.
59. Walter W. Skeat, ed., The Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman., in Three Parallel Texts (London: Oxford University Press, 1886), 2.
60. Christopher Dyer, “Piers Plowman and Plowmen: A Historical Perspective," Yearbook ofLangland Studies 8 (1994): 155-176.
61. Rotuli parliamentorum, 2:340-341;
62. Dobson, The Peasants’Revolt of 1381, 72-74.
63. Clopper, “Need Men and Women Labor? Langland’s Wanderer and the Labor Ordinances” notes (119).
64. see my essay, “Making a Good End: John But as a Reader of Piers Plowman”, William Langland.
65. C. J. Ribton-Turner, Vagrants and Vagrancy (London, 1887).
66. Beier, “Vagrants and the Social Order in Elizabethan England," 3-29.
67. George Holmes, The Good Parliament (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), 63,161.
68. Rotuliparliamentarism, 3:21-22;
69. Dobson, Tke Peasants’Revolt of 1381, 76-78.
70. Rodney Hilton, Bond Men Made Free: Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising 0/1381 (London: Temple Smith, 1973), J58
71. Margaret Aston, “Lollardy and Sedition," Past and Present 17 (1960): 1-44.
72. Richard W. Kaeuper, “Law and Order in Fourteenth Century England:The Evidence of Special Commissions of Oyer and Terminer," Speculum 54 (1988): 736-737;
73. Kaeuper, War, Justice, and Public Order: England and France in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).
74. Simon A. C. Perm and Christopher Dyer, “Wages and Earnings in Late Medieval England: Evidence from the Enforcement of the Labour Laws," Economic History Review 2d ser. 43 (1990): 365.
75. Steven Justice, Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994).
76. Justice, Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381, ch. 4.
77. The interdependence of these perceptions of social fracture and permutable social identity is discussed in more detail in my essay, “William Langland’s ‘Kynde Name’: Authorial Signature and Social Identity in Late Fourteenth-Century England," in Literary Practice and Social Change in Britain, 1380-1530, ed. Lee Patterson (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990), 15-82.
78. Henry Thomas Riley, ed., Memorials of London and London Life in the XHIth, XWth, and XVth Centuries, 1276-1419 (London: Longmans, Green, 1885), 445-456.
79. Anne Middleton, “Langland’s Lives: Reflections on Late-Medieval Religious and Literary Vocabulary," in The Idea of Medieval Literature: New Essays on Chaucer and Medieval Culture in Honor of Donald R. Howard, ed. James M. Dean and Christian K. Zacher (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992), 227-242.
80. Dyer, Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages, 101-3, 238-39.
81. see my essay, “William Langland’s ‘Kydne Name’:Authorial Signature and Social Identity in Late Fourteenth-Century England," 15-82.
82. Nicholas of Lyra, Postilla super Epistolas et Evangelia quadragesimalia (Venice, 1494).
83. A. G. Rigg and Charlotte Brewer, eds., Piers Plowman: The Z Version (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1983).
84. Ralph Hanna III, “Robert the Ruyflare and His Companions," in Literature and Religion in the Later Middle Ages: Philological Essays in Honor of Siegfried Wenzel, ed. Richard G. Newhauser and John A. Alford (Binghamton, N.Y.:Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1995), 81-96.
85. Thomas Wimbledon, Wimbledon** Sermon Redde rationem villicationis tue: A Middle English Sermon of the Fourteenth Century, ed. lone Kemp Knight (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1967).
86. Hector and Harvey, Westminster Chronicle, 294, 306, 342
87. Tuck, “The Cambridge Parliament, 1388," 231
88. Hector and Harvey, Westminster Chronicle, 334, 354
89. Wimbledon, Wimbledon’s Sermon Redde rationem villicationis tue: A Middle English Sermon of the Fourteenth Century, 70.
90. Jill Mann, “Satiric Subject and Satiric Object in Goliardic Literature," Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 15 (1980): 63-86
91. Putnam, “Maximum-Wage Laws for Priests After the Black Death, 1348-1381," 25-26.
92. David Wilkins, ed., Concilia Magnae Brittaniae etHiberniae (London, 1737), 3:215-217;
93. Joseph Dahmus, William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury 1381-1396 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1966), 214-17, 261-65.
94. Ralph Hanna III, "‘Meddling with Makings’ and Will’s Work," in Late-Medieval Religious Texts and Their Transmission: Essays in Honour of A. I. Doyle, ed. A. J. Minnis (Woodbridge:D. S. Brewer, 1994), 85-94.
95. Putnam, The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers during the First Decade after the Black Death, 1349-59, 71.
96. G. O Sayles, ed., Select Cases in the Court of ‘King’s Bench, vols. 6, 7, Pubications of the Selden Society (London:Quaritch, 1965,1971), 108-11.
97. Hanna, “On the Versions of Piers Plowman” 203-243.
98. Putnam, The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers during the First Decade after the Black Death, 1349-59, 27-29.
99. Wendy Scase, Piers Plowman and the New Anticlericalism (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1989), 149-160.
100. John A. Alford, Piers Plowman: A Guide to the Quotations (Binghamton:State University of New York Press, 1992), 80, and references.
101. Mann, “Satiric Subject and Satiric Object in Goliardic Literature," 63-86.
102. Putnam, “Maximum-Wage Laws for Priests after the Black Death, 1348-1381," 13.
103. Daniel Embree, “Richard the Redeless and Mum and the Sothsegger: A Case of Mistaken Identity," Notes & Queries n.s. 22 (1975): 4-12;
104. Daniel Embree, The Sothsegger at Court (Ph.D. diss., University of California, 1981).
105. Richard Firth Green, “John Ball’s Letters: Literary History and Historical Literature," in Chaucer’s England: Literature in Historical Context, ed. Barbara A. Hanawalt (Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1992), 189,193.
106. Scase, Piers Plowman and the New Anticlericalism, 144-49, 161-73.
107. Lollard critique, and Kathryn Kerby-Fulton, Reformist Apocalypticism and Piers Plowman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 172-186.
108. Lee Patterson, “Writing Amorous Wrongs: Chaucer and the Order of Complaint," in The Idea of Medieval Literature: New Essays on Chaucer and Medieval Culture in Honor of Donald R. Howard, ed. James M. Dean and Christian K. Zacher (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992), 55-71;
109. Lee Patterson, “Court Politics and the Invention of Literature," in Culture and History, 1350-1600, ed. David Aers (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992), 7-41.
110. Justice, Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381, 102-39, especially, on bastardy, 106-17.
111. Burrow, Langland’s Fictions (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), 104.
112. Kathryn Kerby-Fulton, "‘Who has Written this Book’: Visionary Autobiography in Langland’s C-Text," in The Medieval Mystical Tradition in England, ed. Marion Glasscoe, Exeter Symposium, vol. 5 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1992), 101-116.
113. Putnam, “Maximum-Wage Laws for Priests after the Black Death, 1348-1381," 29.
114. Middleton, “William Langland’s ‘Kydne Name’: Authorial Signature and Social Identity in Late Fourteenth-Century England," 15-82.
115. Adams, “Editing Piers Plowman B: The Imperative of an Intermittently Critical Edition," 31-68.
116. Anne Middleton, “Narration and the Invention of Experience: Episodic Form in Piers Plowman” in The Wisdom of Poetry: Essays in Early English Literature in Honor of Morton W. Bloomfield, ed. Larry D. Benson and Siegfried Wenzel (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, 1982), 91-122.
117. Larry D. Benson, Art and Tradition in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1965).
118. Ralph Hanna discussion, “On the Versions of Piers Plowman” in Pursuing History is especially valuable.
119. Wendy Scase, “Two Piers Plowman C-text Interpolations: Evidence for a Second Textual Tradition," Notes & Queries 232 (1987): 456-463.
120. Hanna, “Studies in the Manuscripts of Piers Plowman” 12.
121. Putnam, The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers during the First Decade after the Black Death, 1340-59, Appendix, 432-433.
122. G. O. Sayles, ed., Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench, vol. 7, xi.
123. Bernard of Clairvaux, Works, ed. Killian Walsh and Irene Edmonds (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1981), 149.
124. Dahmus, William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury 1381-1306, 83.