Generating Millimeter and Terahertz Waves

IEEE Microwave Magazine

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 64-74

  Nagatsuma, Tadao ^a  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008039508     PISSN: 15273342     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2009.932283     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. W. L. Chan, J. Deibel, and D. Mittleman, “Imaging with terahertz radiation,” Rep. Prog. Phys.,vol. 70, pp. 1325–1379, July 2007
2. H. B. Liu, H. Zhong, N. Karpowicz, Y. Chen, and X.-C. Zhang, “Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging for defence and security applications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 95, no. 8, pp. 1514–1527, Aug. 2007
3. J. Chen, Y. Chen, H. Zhao, G. J. Basiaans, and X.-C. Zhang, “Absorption coefficients of selected explosives and related compounds in the range of 0.1–2.8 THz,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 19. pp. 12060–12067, Sept. 2007
4. A. Hirata, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, R. Yamaguchi, F. Nakajima, T. Furuta, H. Ito, H. Sugahara, Y. Sato, and T. Nagatsuma, “120-GHzband millimeter-wave photonic wireless link for 10-Gb/s data transmission,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1937–1944, May 2006
5. R. Yamaguchi, A. Hirata, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, N. Kukutsu, T. Nagatsuma, Y. Kado, H. Ikegawa, H. Nishikawa, and T. Nakayama, “10-Gbit/s MMIC wireless link exceeding 800 meters,” in Proc. IEEE Radio and Wireless Symp., Florida, Jan. 2008, TH1C-3, pp. 695–698
6. R. Piesiewicz, T. Kleine-Ostmann, N. Krumbholz, D. Mittleman, M. Koch, J. Schoebel, and T. Kuerner, “Short-range ultra-broadband terahertz communications: Concept and perspectives,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 24–35, June 2007
7. C. Mann, “Practical challenges for the commercialization of terahertz electronics,” in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., Honolulu, June 2007, pp. 1705–1708
8. M. Tonouchi, “Cutting-edge terahertz technology,” Nature Photon., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 97–105, Feb. 2007
9. M. Ashida, R. Akai, H. Shimosato, I. Katayama, K. Miyamoto, and H. Ito, “Ultrabroadband THz wave detection using photoconductive antenna,” in Proc. IRMMW/THz 2008, Pasadena, T3B2, Sept. 2008
10. J. R. Demers, R. T. Logan Jr., and E. R. Brown, “An optically integrated coherent frequency-domain THz spectrometer with signal-to-noise ratio up to 80 dB,” in Tech. Dig. Microwave Photonics 2007, Victoria, British Columbia, Oct. 2007, pp. 92–95
11. H.-J. Song, N. Shimizu, T. Furuta, K. Suizu, H. Ito, and T. Nagatsuma, “Broadband-frequency-tunable sub-terahertz wave generation using an optical comb signal, AWGs, optical switches, and uni-travelling carrier photodiode for spectroscopic applications,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, no. 15, pp. 2521–2530, Aug. 2008
12. Z. F. Fan and N. Dagenais, “Optical generation of a megahertz-linewidth microwave signal using semiconductor lasers and a discriminator-aided phase-locked loop,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1296–1300, Aug. 1997
13. A. Hirata, M. Harada, K. Sato, and T. Nagatsuma, “Low-cost millimeter-wave photonic techniques for Gigabit/s wireless link,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E86-C, no. 7, pp. 1123–1128, July 2003
14. S. Fukushima, C. F. C. Silva, Y. Muramoto, and A. J. Seeds, “Optoelectronic millimeter-wave synthesis using an optical frequency comb generator, optically injection locked lasers, and a unitraveling-carrier photodiode,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 3043–3051, Dec. 2003
15. A. Hirata, H. Togo, N. Shimizu, H. Takahashi, K. Okamoto, and T. Nagatsuma, “Low-phase noise photonic millimeter-wave generator using an AWG integrated with a 3-dB combiner,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E88-C, no. 7, pp. 1458–1464, July 2005
16. H.-J. Song, N. Shimizu, and T. Nagatsuma, “Generation of two-mode optical signals with broadband frequency tunability and low spurious signal level,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 22, pp. 14901–14906, Oct. 2007
17. C. C. Renaud, C. F. C. Silva, M. Dueser, P. Bayvel, and A. J. Seeds, “Exact, agile, optical frequency synthesis using an optical comb generator and optical injection phase lock loop,” in Tech. Dig 2003 IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, Vancouver, July 2003, WC1.3, pp. 67–68
18. P. Shen, N. J. Gomes, P. A. Davies, P. G. Huggard, and B. N. Ellison, “Analysis and demonstration of a fast tunable fibre-ring-based optical frequency comb generator,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol, vol. 25, no. 100, pp. 3257–3264, Nov. 2007
19. N. N. Almoayed and M. N. Afsar, “High resolution absorption coefficient and refractive index spectra of carbon monoxide gas at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1033–1037, Aug. 2006
20. H.-J. Song, N. Shimizu, T. Furuta, A. Wakatsuki, and T. Nagatsuma, “Subterahertz noise signal generation using a photodetector and wavelength-sliced optical noise signals for spectroscopic measurement,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, p. 241113, Dec. 2008
21. T. Ishibashi, N. Shimizu, S. Kodama, H. Ito, T. Nagatsuma, and T. Furuta, “Uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes,” in Proc. OSA TOPS on Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1997, vol. 13, pp. 83–87
22. H. Ito, S. Kodama, Y. Muramoto, T. Furuta, T. Nagatsuma, and T. Ishibashi, “High-speed and high-output InP-InGaAs unitraveling-carrier photodiodes,” IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 709–727, July–Aug. 2004
23. H. Ito, T. Furuta, F. Nakajima, K. Yoshino, and T. Ishibashi, “Photonic generation of continuous THz wave using uni-traveling-carrier photodiode,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 4016–4021, Dec. 2005
24. H. Fukano, Y. Muramoto, K. Takahata, and Y. Matsuoka, “High efficiency edge illuminated uni-traveling-carrier structure refracting-facet photodiode,” Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 19, pp. 1664–1665, Sept. 1999
25. Y. Muramoto, K. Kato, M. Mitsuhara, O. Nakajima, Y. Matsuoka, N. Shimizu, and T. Ishibashi, “High-output-voltage, high speed, high efficiency uni-traveling-carrier waveguide photodiode,” Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 122–123, Jan. 1998
26. Y. Hirota, T. Ishibashi, and H. Ito, “1.55-μmwavelength periodic traveling-wave photodetector fabricated using uni-traveling-carrier photodiode structures,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1751–1758, Nov. 2001
27. M. Achouche, V. Magnin, J. Harari, F. Lelarge, E. Derouin, C. Jany, D. Carpentier, F. Blache, and D. Decoster, “High performance evanescent edge coupled waveguide unitraveling-carrier photodiodes for >40-Gb/s optical receivers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 584–587, Feb. 2004
28. C. C. Renaud, M. Robertson, D. Rogers, R. Firth, P. J. Cannard, R. Moore, and A. J. Seeds, “A high responsivity, broadband waveguide uni-travelling carrier photodiode,” Proc. SPIE (Photonics Europe 2006), vol. 6194, p. 61940C, Apr. 2006
29. A. Stoehr, M. Weiss, A. Malcoci, A.G. Steffan, D. Trommer, A. Umbach, and D. Jaeger, “Wideband photonic millimeter-wave synthesizer using a high-power pin waveguide photodiode,” in Proc. European Microwave Conf., EuMC 2007, Munich, Oct. 2007, pp. 588–591
30. A. Madjar, N. Koka, J. Bloch, M. Draa, and P. K. L. Yu, “A novel analytical model for the UTC-TW photodetector for generation of sub-mm wave signals,” in Proc. European Microwave Conf., EuMC 2007, Munich, Oct. 2007, pp. 618–621
31. K. J. Williams, D. A. Tulchinsky, and J. C. Campbell, “High-power photodiodes,” in Tech. Dig. Microwave Photonics 2007, Victoria, British Columbia, Oct. 2007, pp. 9–13
32. T. Nagatsuma, H. Ito, and T. Ishibashi, “Photonic THz sources using uni-traveling-carrier photodiode technologies,” in Tech. Dig. IEEE LEOS 2007 Annual Meeting, Florida, ThN3, pp. 792–793
33. K. J. Williams, “Comparison between dual-depletion-region and uni-travelling-carrier p-i-n photodetectors,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron., vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 131–137, Aug. 2002
34. A. Joshi and D. Becker, “GRIN lens-coupled top-illuminated photodetectors for high-power applications,” in Tech. Dig. Microwave Photonics 2007, Victoria, British Columbia, Oct. 2007, pp. 18–20
35. Y. Muramoto and T. Ishibashi, “InP/InGaAs pin photodiode structure maximizing bandwidth and efficiency,” Electron. Lett., vol. 39, no. 24, pp. 1749–1750, Nov. 2003
36. X. Li, N. Li, S. Demiguel, X. Zheng, J. C. Campbell, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, “A partially depleted absorber photodide with graded doping injection regions,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2326–2328, Oct. 2004
37. D.-H. Jun, J.-H. Jang, I. Adesida, and J.-I. Song, “Improved efficiency-bandwidth product of modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode structure using an undoped photo-absorption layer,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 45, no. 4B, pp. 3475–3478, Apr. 2006
38. J.-W. Shi, Y.-S. Wu, C.-Y. Wu, P.-H. Chiu, and C.-C. Hong, “High-speed, high-responsivity, and high-power performance of near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiode at 1.55-µm wavelength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1929–1931, Sept. 2005
39. Y.-S. Wu, J.-W. Shi, and P.-H. Chiu, “Analytical modeling of a high-performance near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiode at a 1.55-µm wavelength,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 938–940, Apr. 2006
40. N. Li, X. Li, S. Demiguel, X. Zheng, J. C. Campbell, D. A. Tulchinsky, K. J. Williams, T.D. Isshiki, G. S. Kinsey, and R. Sudharsansan, “High-saturation-current charge-compensated InGaAs/InP uni-traveling-carrier photodiode,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 864–866, Mar. 2004
41. H. Ito, T. Nagatsuma, A. Hirata, T. Minotani, A. Sasaki, Y. Hirota, and T. Ishibashi, “High-power photonic millimetre wave generation at 100 GHz using matching-circuit-integrated uni-travelling-carrier photodiodes,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron., vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 138–142, Apr. 2003
42. A. Hirata, T. Nagatsuma, R. Yano, H. Ito, T, Furuta, Y. Hirota, T. Ishibashi, H. Matsuo, A. Ueda, T. Noguchi, Y. Sekimoto, M. Ishiguro, and S. Matsuura, “Output power measurement of photonic millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave emitter at 100–800 GHz”, Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 15, pp. 798–800, July 2002
43. F. Nakajima, T. Furuta, and H. Ito, “High-power continuous-terahertz-wave generation using resonant-antenna-integrated uni-traveling-carrier photodiode”, Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 20, pp. 1297–1299, Sept. 2004
44. N. Shimizu and T. Nagatsuma, “Photodiode-integrated microstrip antenna array for subterahertz radiation”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. pp. 743–745, Mar. 2006
45. N. Li, H. Chen, N. Duan, M. Liu, S. Demiguel, R. Sidhu, A. L. Holmes Jr., and J. C. Campbell, “High power photodiode wafer bonded to Si using Au with improved responsivity and output power”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 2526–2528, Dec. 2006
46. HITRAN homepage (2009). [Online]. Available: http://cfa-www. harvard.edu/hitran/welcometop.html
47. S. Kohjiro, K. Kikuchi, M. Maezawa, T. Furuta, A. Wakatsuki, H. Ito, N. Shimizu, T. Nagatsuma, and Y. Kado, “A 0.2–0.5 THz singleband heterodyne receiver based on a photonic local oscillator and a superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, p. 093508, Sept. 2008
48. S. Takano, A. Ueda, T. Yamamoto, S. Asayama, Y. Sekimoto, T. Noguchi, M. Ishiguro, H. Takara, S. Kawanishi, H. Ito, A. Hirata, and T. Nagatsuma, “The first radioastronomical observation with photonic local oscillator”, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. L53–L56, Apr. 2003
49. H. Ito, T. Furuta, S. Kodama, K. Yoshino, T. Nagatsuma, and Z. Wang, “10-Gbit/s operation of a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode module at 2.6 K”, Electron. Lett.,vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 149–150, Jan. 2008