Excavations at the Viking Barrow Cemetery at Heath Wood, Ingleby, Derbyshire

The Antiquaries Journal

Volumn 84, Issue , 2004, Pages 23-117

  Richards, Julian D ^a   Beswick, Pauline ^b   Bond, Julie ^c   Jecock, Marcus ^d   Mckinley, Jacqueline ^e   Rowland, Stephen ^a   Worley, Fay ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b University of Bradford ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d ENGLISH HERITAGE   (United Kingdom)

^e WESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85007980752     PISSN: 00035815     EISSN: 17585309     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003581500045819     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Abrams, L 2000. ‘Conversion and assimilation’, in Hadley and Richards (eds) 2000, 135-53
2. Abrams, L 2001. ‘The conversion of the Danelaw’, in Graham-Campbell et al (eds) 2001, 31-44
3. Arbman, H 1940-3. Birka I: Die Grdber, Stockholm
4. Arbman, H 1961. The Vikings, London
5. Ardwisson, G and Berg, G 1983. The Mdstermyr Find: A Viking Age Tool Chest from Gotland, Stockholm
6. Bateman, T 1861. Ten Years’ Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Grave Hills, in the Counties of Derby, Stafford, and York, from 1848 to 1858, London
7. Beek, G C van 1983. Dental Morphology: An Illustrated Guide, Bristol
8. Bersu, G and Wilson, D M 1966. Three Viking Graves in the Isle of Man, Soc Medieval Archaeol Monogr Ser 1, London
9. Biddle, M and Kjolbye-Biddle, B 1992. ‘Repton and the Vikings’, Antiquity, 66, 36-51
10. Biddle, M and Kjolbye-Biddle, B 2001. ‘Repton and the “great heathen army”, 873-4’, in Graham-Campbell et al (eds) 2001, 45-96
11. Bond, J M 1996. ‘Burnt offerings: animal bone in Anglo-Saxon cremations’, World Archaeol, 28, 76-88
12. Bornholdt, K forthcoming. ‘Viking-Age coin finds from the Isle of Man: a study of coin circulation, production and concepts of wealth’, unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge
13. Boe, J 1940. ‘Norse antiquities in Ireland’, Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland III (ed H Shetelig), Oslo
14. Bronk Ramsey, C 2002. OxCal Program 3.8, Oxford Bronsted, J 1936. ‘Danish inhumation graves of the Viking Age. A survey’, Ada Archaeologica, 7, 81-228
15. Brooks, N 1978. ‘Arms, status and warfare in late Saxon England’, in Ethelred the Unready: Papers to the Millennium Conference (ed D A Hill), BAR, Brit Ser 69, 81-103, Oxford
16. Brooks, N 1979. ‘England in the ninth century: the crucible of defeat’, Trans Roy Hist Soc, 5th ser, 29, 1-20
17. Brooks, S T and Suchey, J M 1990. ‘Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: a comparison of the Acsadi-Nemeskeri and Suchey-Brooks methods’, Human Evolution, 5, 227-38
18. Brown, M P and Farr, C A (eds) 2001. Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe, Studies in the Early History of Europe, Leicester
19. Bruce-Mitford, R L S 1956. ‘Late Saxon disc-brooches’, in Dark Age Britain (ed D B Harden), 171-201, London
20. Buikstra, J E and Ubelaker, D H 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains, Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 44
21. Bu'lock, J D 1972. Pre-Conquest Cheshire, 383-1066, Cheshire Community Council
22. Cameron, K 1959. The Place-Names of Derbyshire, Engl Place-Name Soc 27, Cambridge
23. Challis, K and Kinsley, G 1995. Early Anglo-Saxon Derbyshire: Interim Report on the First Two Seasons of Derbyshire Archaeological Advisory Committee Research, Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust, unpublished report
24. Chitty, G 1977. ‘Ancient Meols: finds from the Cheshire shore: the metalwork’, J Merseyside Archaeol Soc, 1, 23-33
25. Clarke, C and Fraser, W 1946. ‘Excavation of pagan burial mounds: Ingleby, Derbyshire’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 66, 1-23
26. Clarke, C, Fraser, W and Munslow, F W 1949. ‘Excavation of pagan burial mounds at Ingleby. Second report’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 69, 78-81
27. Clarke, H B, Ni Mhaonaigh, M and O Floinn, R (eds) 1998. Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age, Dublin
28. Clay, C 1869. Currency of the Isle of Man, Manx Society xvn, Douglas
29. Cowen, J D 1934. ‘A catalogue of objects of the Viking period in the Tullie House Museum, Carlisle’, Trans Cumberland Westmorland Antiq Archaeol Soc, 34, 166-87
30. Cowen, J D 1948. ‘Viking burials in Cumbria’, Trans Cumberland Westmorland Antiq Archaeol Soc, 48, 73-76.
31. Cowen, J D 1967. ‘Viking burials in Cumbria: a supplement’, Trans Cumberland Westmorland Antiq Archaeol Soc, 67, 31-34
32. Cox, M and Mays, S 2000. Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science, London
33. Craven, M and Stanley, M 1991. The Derbyshire Country House., Derby
34. Crumlin-Pedersen, O and Munch Thye, B (eds) 1995. The Ship as Symbol in Prehistoric and Medieval Scandinavia, Studies in Archaeology and History I, Copenhagen
35. Curie, A O, Olsen, M and Shetelig, H 1954. Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland, Part VI, Oslo
36. Dickinson, T and Harke, H 1992. Early Anglo-Saxon Shields, Archaeologia, n o
37. Dolley, M 1975. ‘Some preliminary observations on three Manx coin-hoards appearing to end with pennies of Edgar’, Spink's Numismatic Circular, 83, 146-7, 190-192
38. Edwards, B J N 1970. ‘The Claughton burial’, Trans Hist Soc Lancashire Cheshire, 121, 109-16
39. Edwards, B J N 1992. ‘The Vikings in north-west England: the archaeological evidence’, in Viking Treasure from the North West: The Cuerdale Hoard in its Context (ed J Graham-Campbell), National Museums and Galleries of Merseyside Occas Pap Liverpool Museum, No. 5, 43-62
40. Edwards, B J N 1998. Vikings in North-West England: The Artifacts, Lancaster
41. Elliott, L and Knight, D 1999. ‘An early Mesolithic site and first millennium BC settlement and pit alignments at Swarkestone Lowes, Derbyshire’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 119, 79-153
42. English Heritage 1987. County List of Scheduled Monuments: Derbyshire, London
43. Fanning, T 1994. Viking Age Ringed Pins from Dublin, National Museum of Ireland, Medieval Dublin Excavations 1962-81, Ser B, vol 4, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin
44. Fellows-Jensen, G 1978. Scandinavian Settlement Names in the East Midlands, Copenhagen Field Archaeology Specialists 1998. Geophysical Line Survey. Heath Wood, Ingleby, Derbyshire, unpublished report
45. Fraser, W 1941. ‘Location of the alleged Anglian cemetery at Foremark’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 62, 19-21
46. Fraser, W 1943. ‘Note: Anglian pagan cemetery at Ingleby, South Derbyshire’, Antiq J, 23, 159
47. Freke, D 2002. Excavations on St Patrick's Isle, Peel, Isle of Man, 1982-88: Prehistoric, Viking, Medieval and Later, Centre for Manx Studies Monogr 2, Liverpool
48. Geake, H 1997. The Use of Grave-goods in Conversion Period England, c 600-c 850, BAR, Brit Ser 261, Oxford
49. Gillam, J P 1939. ‘Romano-British Derbyshire ware’, Antiq J, 19, 429-37
50. Glover, C and Riden, P (eds) 1981. William Woolley's History of Derbyshire (down to 1712), Derbyshire Record Society VI, Chesterfield
51. Graham-Campbell, J 1980a. Viking Artefacts: A Select Catalogue, London
52. Graham-Campbell, J 1980b. ‘The Scandinavian Viking-Age burials of England: some problems of interpretation’, in Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries 1979 (eds P Rahtz, T Dickinson and L Watts), BAR, Brit Ser 82, 379-82, Oxford
53. Graham-Campbell, J 1983. ‘The Viking-Age silver hoards of the Isle of Man’, in The Viking Age in the Isle of Man (eds C Fell, P Foote, J Graham-Campbell and R Thomson), Viking Society for Northern Research, 53-80, London
54. Graham-Campbell, J 2001. ‘Pagan Scandinavian burial in the central and southern Danelaw’, in Graham-Campbell et al 2001, 105-23
55. Graham-Campbell, J and Batey, C 1998. Vikings in Scotland: An Archaeological Survey, Edinburgh
56. Graham-Campbell, J, Hall, R, Jesch, J and Parsons, D (eds) 2001. Vikings and the Danelaw. Select Papers from the Proceedings of the Thirteenth Viking Congress, Nottingham and York, 21-30 August 1997, Oxford
57. Grant, A 1982. ‘The use of toothwear as a guide to the age of domestic ungulates’, in Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites (eds B Wilson, C Grigson and S Payne), BAR, Brit Ser 109, 91-107, Oxford
58. Graslund, A-S 1980. Birka IV: The Burial Customs, Stockholm
59. Graslund, A-S 1999. ‘Is there any evidence of powerful women in Late Iron Age Svealand?’, in Volker an Nord-und Ostsee und die Franken (eds U von Freeden, U Koch and A Wieczorek), Kolloquien zur Vor-und Friihgeschichte, Band 3, 91-98, Bonn
60. Greenwell, W 1877. British Barrows: A Record of the Examination of Sepulchral Mounds in Various Parts of England, Oxford
61. Grieg, S 1927-8. ‘Kongsgaarden’, in Osebergfundet 2 (eds A W Brogger and H Shetelig), Oslo
62. Groves, M 1990. ‘Silver and copper alloy tacks’, in Object and Economy in Medieval Winchester (ed M Biddle), Winchester Studies 7, ii, 1102-14, Oxford
63. Hadley, D M 2000. ‘Burial practices in the northern Danelaw, c 650-1100’, Northern Hist, 36, 199-216
64. Hadley, D M 2002. ‘Burial practices in northern England in the later Anglo-Saxon period’, in Lucy and Reynolds (eds) 2002, 209-28
65. Hadley, D M and Richards, J D (eds) 2000. Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, Studies in the Early Middle Ages II, Turnhout
66. Hall, R A 1974. ‘The pre-conquest burgh of Derby’, Derbyshire ArchaeolJ, 94, 16-23
67. Hall, R A 1976. ‘Keyhole archaeology, Bootham Bar and All Saints Pavement’, Interim, 4, 17-19
68. Hall, R A 1989. ‘The Five Boroughs of the Danelaw: a review of present knowledge’, Anglo-Saxon England, 18, 149-206
69. Hall, R A 1998. ‘A silver applique from St Mary Bishophill Senior, York’, Yorkshire ArchaeolJ, 70, 61-66
70. Hall, R A 2000a. ‘Anglo-Scandinavian attitudes: archaeological ambiguities in late ninth-to mid-eleventh-century York’, in Hadley and Richards (eds) 2000, 311-24
71. Hall, R A 2000b. ‘Scandinavian settlement in England-the archaeological evidence’, in Vikings in the West (eds S S Hansen and K Randsborg), Acta Archaeologica, 71, 147-57
72. Halsall, G 2000. ‘The Viking presence in England? The burial evidence reconsidered’, in Hadley and Richards (eds) 2000, 259-76
73. Harke, H 1990. ‘The Anglo-Saxon weapon burial rite’, Past and Present, 126, 22-43
74. Harley, J B, Fowkes, D V and Harvey, J C (eds) 1975. Burden's Map of Derbyshire 1791, Derby
75. Harrison, S 2001. ‘Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland’, in The Vikings in Ireland (ed A-C Larsen), 61-75, Roskilde
76. Hoick, P 1996. Cremated Bones. A Medical-Anthropological Study of an Archaeological Material on Cremation Burials, Anthropologiske skrifter nr.ib, Anatomical Institute, University of Oslo
77. Holden, J L, Phakley, P P and Clement, J G 1995a. ‘Scanning electron microscope observations of incinerated human femoral bone: a case study’, Forensic Sci Int, 74, 17-28
78. Holden, J L, Phakley, P P and Clement, J G 1995b. ‘Scanning electron microscope observations of heat-treated human bone’, Forensic Sci Int, 74, 29-45
79. Hollander, L M (trans) 1964. Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, Austin, Texas
80. Horn, W (trans) 1985. Saxo Grammaticus, Copenhagen Howarth, E 1899. Catalogue of the Bateman Collection of Antiquities in the Sheffield Public Museum, London
81. Hoilund Nielsen, K nd. ‘The burial ground’, in Lindholm Haje: Burial Ground and Village (eds E Johansen and A Leriche Trolle), 27-38, Alborg
82. Hughes, G and Jones, L 1995. ‘The excavation of a ring-ditch at Foston in the Dove Valley, 1993’, Derbyshire ArchaeolJ, 115, 136-42
83. Hunter, R J and Dockrill, S J 1982. ‘Some Norse sites on Sanday, Orkney’, Proc Soc Antiq Scotl, 112, 570-576
84. Innes, M 2000. ‘Danelaw identities: ethnicity, regionalism and political allegiance’, in Hadley and Richards (eds) 2000, 65-88
85. Iscan, M Y, Loth, S R and Wright, R K 1985. ‘Age estimation from the ribs by phase analysis: white females’, J Forensic Sci, 30, 853-63
86. Kermode, P M C 1930. ‘A ship-burial on the Isle of Man’, Antiq J, 10, 126-33
87. Kershaw, P 2000. ‘The Alfred-Guthrum Treaty: scripting accommodation and interaction in Viking Age England’, in Hadley and Richards (eds) 2000, 43-64
88. Keynes, S 1997. ‘The Vikings in England, c 790-1016’, in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (ed P Sawyer), 48-82, Oxford
89. Kjelbye-Biddle, B 1995. ‘Iron-bound coffins and coffin-fittings from the pre-Norman cemetery’, in Excavations at York Minster. Volume I.-Roman to Norman (eds D Philips and B Hey wood), 489-521, London
90. Leary, R S 2003. ‘The Romano-British pottery from the kilns at Lumb Brook, Hazelwood, Derbyshire’, Derbyshire ArchaeolJ, 123, 71-110
91. Lucy, S and Reynolds, A (eds) 2002. Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales, Soc Medieval Archaeol Monogr Ser 17, London
92. Mattingley, H (trans) 1970. Tacitus: The Agricola and the Germania, Harmondsworth
93. McKinley, J I 1993. ‘Bone fragment size and weights of bone from modern British cremations and its implications for the interpretation of archaeological cremations’, Int J Osteoarchaeol, 3, 283-287
94. McKinley, J I 1994a. The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Spong Hill, North Elmham. Part VIII: The Cremations, E Anglian Archaeol Rep 69
95. McKinley, J I 1994b. ‘Bone fragment size in British cremation burials and its implications for pyre technology and ritual’, J Archaeol Sci, 21, 339-42
96. McKinley, J I 1997a. ‘The cremated human bone from burial and cremation-related contexts’, in Archaeological Excavations on the Route of the A27 Westhampnett Bypass, West Sussex, 1992, Volume 2 (ed A P Fitzpatrick), Wessex Archaeol Rep 12, 55-72, Salisbury
97. McKinley, J I 1997b. ‘Bronze Age “barrows” and the funerary rites and rituals of cremation’, Proc Prehist Soc, 63, 129-45
98. McKinley, J I 2000. ‘The analysis of cremated bone’, in Cox and Mays 2000, 403-21
99. McMinn, R M H and Hutchings, R T 1985. A Colour Atlas of Human Anatomy, London
100. Muller-Wille, M 1971. ‘Pferdegrab und Pferdeopfer im Friihen Mittelalter’, Berichten van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodermonderzoek, 20-1, 119-248
101. Nielsen-Marsh, C, Gernaey, A, Turner-Walker, G, Hedges, R, Pike, A and Collins, M 2000. ‘The chemical degradation of bone’, in Cox and Mays 2000, 439-54
102. Niles, J D 1991. ‘Pagan survivals and popular beliefs’, in The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature (eds M Godden and M Lapidge), 126-41, Cambridge
103. O'Brien, E 1998. ‘The location and context of Viking burials at Kilmainham and Islandbridge, Dublin’, in Clarke, Ni Mhaonaigh and 6 Floinn (eds) 1998, 203-21
104. O'Connor, T P 1988. Bones from the General Accident Site, Tanner Row, The Archaeology of York 15/2, London
105. Oestigaard, T 1999. ‘Cremations as transformations: when the dual cultural hypothesis was cremated and carried away in urns’, European J Archaeol, 2/3, 345-64
106. O'Sullivan, D 1996. ‘A group of pagan burials from Cumbria?’, Anglo-Saxon Stud Archaeol Hist, 9, 15-23
107. Ottaway, P 1992. Anglo-Scandinavian Ironwork from Coppergate, The Archaeology of York 17/6, London
108. Petersen, J 1928. Vikingtidens smykker, Stavanger Pevnser, N and Williamson, E 1978. The Buildings of England: Derbyshire, London
109. Posnansky, M 1955. ‘The pagan Danish barrow cemetery at Heath Wood, Ingleby: a preliminary excavation report’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 75, 140-144
110. Posnansky, M 1956. ‘The pagan Danish barrow cemetery at Heath Wood, Ingleby: 1955 excavations’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 76, 40-56
111. Ramskou, T 1950. ‘Viking Age cremation graves in Denmark. A survey’, Acta Archaeologica, 21, 137-82
112. RCHME 1994. Heath Wood, Ingleby, Derbyshire. Archaeological Survey Report, unpublished report
113. Richards, J D 2000. Viking Age England, Stroud
114. Richards, J D 2001. ‘Boundaries and cult centres: Viking burial in Derbyshire’, in Graham-Campbell et al (eds) 2001, 97-104
115. Richards, J D 2002. ‘The case of the missing Vikings: Scandinavian burial in the Danelaw’, in Lucy and Reynolds (eds) 2002, 156-70
116. Richards, J D 2003. ‘Pagans and Christians at a frontier: Viking burial in the Danelaw’, in The Cross Goes North. Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300 (ed M Carver), 383-95, Woodbridge
117. Richards, J D, Jecock, M, Richmond, L and Tuck, C 1995. ‘The Viking barrow cemetery at Heath Wood, Ingleby, Derbyshire’, Medieval Archaeol, 34, 51-69
118. Riley, D 1978. ‘An early system of land division in South Yorkshire and North Nottinghamshire’, in Early Land Allotment in the British Isles (eds H C Bowen and P J Fowler), BAR, Brit Ser 48, 103-8, Oxford
119. Roesdahl, E 1976. ‘Otte Vikingatidsgrave i Sdr. Onsild’, Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie, 22-51
120. Roesdahl, E 1977. Fyrkat, en Jysk Vikingeborg 2: Oldsagerne pg gravpladsen, Copenhagen
121. Roesdahl, E 1982. Viking Age Denmark, London
122. Rogers, N S H 1993. Anglian and Other Finds from Fishergate, The Archaeology of York 17/9, London
123. Sass, T (trans) 1995. ‘The funeral of the Ruschief from S87-92 of the work of Ibn Fadlan, in Crumlin-Pedersen and Munch Thye (eds) 1995, 136-137
124. Sawyer, P H 1968. Anglo-Saxon Charters: An Annotated List and Bibliography, London
125. Sawyer, P H 1971. The Age of the Vikings, 2nd edn, London
126. Shetelig, H 1940. ‘Grave finds’, in Shetelig and Bjorn (eds) 1940, 9-26
127. Shetelig, H 1954. ‘The Viking graves’, in Curie, Olsen and Shetelig 1954, 67-111
128. Shetelig, H (ed) 1940. Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland. Part V: British Antiquities of the Viking Period, found in Norway, Oslo
129. Shetelig, H and Bjorn, A (eds) 1940. Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland. Part IV: Viking Antiquities in England, Oslo
130. Siddorn, J K 2000. Viking Weapons and Warfare, Stroud
131. Sigvallius, B 1994. Funeral Pyres: Iron Age Cremations in North Spdnga, Osteological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University
132. Sjosvard, L, Vretemark, M and Gustavson, H 1983. ‘A Vendel warrior from Vallentuna’, in Vendel Period Studies 2 (eds J P Lamm and H-A Nordstrom), Stockholm
133. Smyth, A P 1977. Scandinavian Kings in the British Isles 850-880, Oxford
134. Stafford, P 1985. The East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages, Leicester
135. Stenton, F M 1943. Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford
136. Stuiver, M, Reimer, P J, Bard, E, Beck, J W, Burr, G S, Hughes, K A, Kromer, B, McCormac, F G, van der Plicht, J and Spurk, M 1998. ‘INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration 24,000-0 cal BP’, Radiocarbon, 40, 1041-83
137. Taylor, H M 1987. ‘St Wystan's church, Repton, Derbyshire. A reconstruction essay’, Archaeol J, 144, 205-45
138. Tweddle, D forthcoming. ‘The decorated metalwork’, in Excavations at Castle Green, Carlisle
139. Unwin, P T H 1982. ‘The Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian occupation of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire’, J English Place-Name Soc, 14, 1-31
140. Wainwright, F T 1947. ‘Early Scandinavian settlement in Derbyshire’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 67,96-119
141. Walsh, A 1998. ‘Viking Age swords in Ireland’, in Clarke, Ni Mhaonaigh and 6 Floinn (eds) 1998, 222-35
142. Walton, P 1989. Textiles, Cordage and Raw Fibre from 16-22 Coppergate, The Archaeology of York 17/5, London
143. Ward, J 1905. ‘Anglo-Saxon remains’, in VCH Derbyshire Vol 1 (ed W Page), 265-77, London
144. Warmind, M L 1995. ‘Ibn Fadlan in the context of his age’, in Crumlin-Pedersen and Munch Thye (eds) 1995, 131-135
145. Webster, L 2001. ‘Metalwork of the Mercian supremacy’, in Brown and Farr (eds) 2001, 263-77
146. Webster, L and Backhouse, J (eds) 1992. The Making of England, Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture, London
147. Welch, M 2001. ‘The archaeology of Mercia’, in Brown and Farr (eds) 2001, 147-59
148. Whitelock, D 1941. ‘The conversion of the eastern Danelaw’, Saga-Book, 12/3, 159-76
149. Williams, H 2000. ‘ “The burnt Germans of the age of iron”: early Anglo-Saxon mortuary practices and the study of cremation in past societies’, unpublished PhD thesis, Reading
150. Wilson, D M 1965. ‘Some neglected late Anglo-Saxon swords’, Medieval Archaeol, 9, 32-54
151. Wilson, D M 1967. ‘The Vikings’ relationship with Christianity in northern England’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 3rd ser, 30, 37-46
152. Worley, F L in prep. ‘Taken to the Grave. An archaeozoological approach assessing the role of animals as crematory offerings in first millennium AD Britain’, unpublished PhD thesis, Bradford