Management of pain

BMJ

Volumn 326, Issue 7390, 2003, Pages 635-

  Holdcroft, Anita ^a   Power, Ian ^b  

^a CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85007755467     PISSN: 09598138     EISSN: 14685833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.326.7390.635     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Dubner R, Gold M. The neurobiology of pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1999; 96: 7627–7630
2. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms 2nd ed. Seattle: International Association for the Study of Pain, 1994.
3. Fields HL. Pain: an unpleasant topic. Pain 1999; suppl 6: 61–9S
4. Petrovic P, Ingvar M. Imaging cognitive modulation of pain processing. Pain 2002; 95: 1–5
5. NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Acute and chronic low back pain. Effective Health Care 2000; 6(5).
6. Kolk AM, van Hoof R, Fieldeldij Dop MJC. Preparing children for venepuncture. The effects of an integrated intervention on distress before and during venepuncture. Child: Care, Health Dev 2000; 26: 251–260
7. Woolf CJ, Bennett GJ, Doherty M, Dubner R, Kidd B, Koltzenburg M, et al. Towards a mechanisms-based classification of pain? Pain 1998; 77: 227–229
8. Woolf CJ, Decosterd I. Implications of recent advances in the understanding of pain pathophysiology for the assessment of pain in patients. Pain 1999; 6: 141–17S
9. LeResche L. Epidemiological perspectives on sex differences in pain. In: Fillingim R,ed. Sex, gender and pain. Progress in pain research and management, Vol 17 Seattle: International Association for the Study of Pain Press, 2000.
10. Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ. Pain: neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms and management. Lancet 1999; 353: 1959–1964
11. Dickinson AH, Matthews EA, Suzuki R. Neurobiology of neuropathic pain: mode of action of anticonvulsants. Eur J Pain 2002; 6 (suppl A): 51–60
12. Watkins LR, Maier SF. Implications of immune-to-brain communication for sickness and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1999; 96: 7710–7713
13. DeLeo JA, Yezierski RP. The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmine activation in persistent pain. Pain 2001; 90: 1–6
14. Casey KL. Concepts of pain mechanisms: the contribution of functional imaging of the human brain. Prog Brain Res 2000; 129: 277–287
15. Hofbauer RK, Rainville P, Duncan GH, Bushnell MC. Cortical representation of the sensory dimension of pain. J Neurophysiol 2001; 86: 402–411
16. Morley S, Eccleston C, Williams A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache. Pain 1999; 80: 1–13
17. Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain 2000; 85: 317–332
18. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Evidence-based recommendations for medical management of chronic non-malignant pain. Reference guide for clinicians. Ontario: CPSO, 2000.
19. Gear RW, Miaskowski C, Gordon NC, Paul SM, Heller PH, Levine JD. The kappa opioid nalbuphine produces gender- and dose-dependent analgesia and antianalgesia in patients with postoperative pain. Pain 1999; 83: 339–345
20. Fillingim RB. Sex differences in analgesic responses: evidence from experimental pain models. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19 (suppl 26): 6–24
21. De Stoutz ND, Bruera E, Suarez-Almazor M. Opioid rotation for toxicity reduction in terminal cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995; 10: 378–384
22. Schmidt WK. Alvimopan(ADL 8–2698) is a novel peripheral opioid antagonist. Am J Surg 2001; 182: 27–38S