The preparticipation physical examination for athletics: A systematic review of current recommendations

BMJ

Volumn 327, Issue 7418, 2003, Pages E170-

  Carek, Peter J ^a   Mainous, Arch ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85007740424     PISSN: 09598138     EISSN: 14685833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjusa.02120003     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Runyan DK The pre-participation examination of the young athlete: defining the Clin Pediatrics (Phila) 1983; 22: 674–679
2. Rice SG Clearing an athlete for sports participation. J Musculoskel Med 1986; 3: 23–36
3. Rowland TW Preparticipation sports examination of the child and adolescent athlete: changing views of an old ritual. Pediatrician 1986; 13: 3–9
4. McKeag DB Preparticipation screening of the potential athlete. Clin Sports Med 1989; 8: 373–397
5. Garrick JG Orthopedic preparticipation screening examination. Pediatr Clin North Am 1990; 37: 1047–1056
6. Tanji JL The preparticipation physical examination for sports. Am Fam Physician 1990; 42: 397–402
7. Smith DM, Lombardo JA, Robinson JB The preparticipation evaluation. Prim Care 1991; 18: 777–807
8. Dyment PG The orthopedic component of the preparticipation examination. Pediatr Ann 1992; 21: 157, 160–162.
9. Henderson JM The preparticipation screening evaluation. J Med Assoc Ga 1992; 81: 277–282
10. Johnson MD Tailoring the preparticipation exam to female athletes. Phys Sportsmed 1992; 20: 61–72
11. Nelson MA Medical exclusion from participation in sports. Pediatr Ann 1992; 21: 149–155
12. American Medical Association Board of Trustees Group on Science and Technology Athletic participation examinations for adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 93–98
13. Tanner SM Preparticipation examination targeted for the female athlete. Clin Sports Med 1994; 13: 337–353
14. Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, McGrew CA, Strong WB, Douglas PS, et al Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. Circulation 1996; 94: 850–856
15. Sanders B, Nemeth WC Preparticipation physical examinations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1996; 23: 149–163
16. Bratton RL Preparticipation screening of children for sports: current recommendations. Sports Med 1997; 24: 300–307
17. Grafe MW, Paul GR, Foster TE The preparticipation sports examination for high school and college athletes. Clin Sports Med 1997; 16: 570–591
18. Hergenroeder AC The preparticipation sports examination. Ped Clin North Am 1997; 44: 1526–1540
19. Smith DM, Kovan JR, Rich BSE, Tanner SM Preparticipation Physical Evaluation, 2nd ed. Minneapolis: McGraw-Hill, 1997: 1–46
20. Myers A, Sickles T Preparticipation sports examination. Prim Care 1998; 25: 225–236
21. NFHS encourages pre-participation physical evaluations [press release]. Kansas City, Mo: National Federation of State High School Associations, November, 1998.
22. Kurowski K, Chandran S The preparticipation athletic evaluation. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 2696–2698
23. Lyznicki JM, Nielsen NH, Schneider JF Cardiovascular screening of student athletes. Am Fam Physician 2000; 62: 765–774
24. Metzl JD The adolescent preparticipation physical examination. Is it helpful? Clin Sports Med 2000; 19: 577–592
25. Metzl JD Preparticipation examination of the adolescent athlete: part 1. Pediatr Rev 2001; 22: 199–204
26. National Collegiate Athletic Association. Guideline 1b: Medical evaluations, immunizations, and records. 2001–2002 Sports Medicine Handbook. Available at: http://www.ncaa.org/ (accessed November 2001).
27. Glover DW, Maron BJ Profile of preparticipation cardiovascular screening for high school athletes. JAMA 1998; 279: 1817–1819
28. DeHaven KE The preparticipation physical evaluation of athletes [editorial]. J Musculoskel Med 1986; 3: 7
29. Hoekelman RA The preparticipation sports physical examination [editorial]. Pediatr Ann 1992; 21: 145–146
30. Strong WB Preparticipation physical examination. It should be required. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 99–100
31. Cantwell JD Preparticipation physical evaluation: getting to the heart of the matter. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: S341–S344
32. MacAuley D Does preseason screening for cardiac disease really work?: The British perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: S345–S350
33. Glover DW, Maron BJ, Matheson GO The preparticipation physical examination: steps toward consensus and uniformity [commentary]. Phys Sportsmed 1999; 27: 29–34
34. McKeag DB, Sallis RE Factors at play in the athletic preparticipation examination [editorial; comment]. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 2617–2618
35. Pfister GC, Puffer JC, Maron BJ Preparticipation cardiovascular screening for US collegiate student-athletes. JAMA 2000; 283: 1597–1599
36. Reich JD It won't be me next time: an opinion on preparticipation sports physicals [editorial]. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 2618, 2620, 2625, 2629.
37. Cromer BA, McLean SC, Heald FP Preparticipation sports evaluation. J Adolesc Health 1992; 13: 61S–65S
38. Smith J, Laskowski ER The preparticipation physical examination: Mayo Clinic experience with 2,739 examinations. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73: 419–429
39. United States Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. Alexandria: International Medical Publishing, 1996
40. Goldberg B, Saraniti A, Witman P, Gavin M, Nicholas JA Pre-participation sports assessment–an objective evaluation. Pediatrics 1980; 66: 736–745
41. Linder CW, DuRant RH, Seklecki RM, Strong WB Preparticipation health screening of young athletes. Results of 1268 examinations. Am J Sports Med 1981; 9: 187–193
42. Tennant FS Jr., Sorenson K, Day CM Benefits of preparticipation sports examinations. J Fam Pract 1981; 13: 287–288
43. Thompson TR, Andrish JT, Bergfield JA A prospective study of preparticipation sports examinations of 2,670 young athletes: Method and results. Cleve Clin Q 1982; 49: 225–233
44. DuRant R, Seymore C, Linder CW, Jay S The preparticipation examination of athletes. Comparison of single and multiple examiners. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 657–661
45. Risser WL, Hoffman HM, Bellah GG Jr Frequency of preparticipation sports examinations in secondary school athletes: are the University Interscholastic League guidelines appropriate? Tex Med 1985; 81: 35–39
46. Magnes SA, Henderson JM, Hunter SC What limits sports participation: experience with 10,540 athletes. Phys Sportsmed 1992; 20: 143–160
47. Briner WW, Farr C Athlete age and sports physical examination findings. J Fam Pract 1995; 40: 370–375
48. Rifat SF, Ruffin MT, Gorenflo DW Disqualifying criteria in preparticipation sports evaluation. J Fam Pract 1995; 41: 42–50
49. Lively MW Preparticipation physical examination: a collegiate experience. Clin J Sports Med 1999; 9: 38
50. Carek PJ, Futrell MA Athletes' view of the preparticipation physical examination. Attitudes toward certain health screening questions. Arch Fam Med 1999; 8: 307–312
51. American Academy of Pediatrics Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1206–1207.
52. DuRant RH, Pendergrast RA, Seymore C, Gaillard G, Donner J Findings from the preparticipation athletic examination and athletic injuries. Am J Dis Child 1992; 146: 85–91
53. Kibler WB, Chandler TJ, Uhl T, Maddux RE A musculoskeletal approach to the preparticipation physical examination Am J Sports Med 1989; 17: 525–531
54. Lysens R, Steverlynck A, van den Auweele Y The predictability of sports injuries. Sports Med 1984; 1: 6–10
55. Abbott HG, Kress JB Preconditioning in the prevention of knee injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1969; 50: 326–333
56. Goldberg B, Witman PA, Gleim GW, Nicholas JA Children's sports injuries: are they avoidable? Phys Sportsmed 1979; 7: 93–101
57. Goldfuss AJ, Morehouse CA, LeVeau BF Effect of muscular tension on knee stability. Med Sci Sports 1973; 5: 267–271
58. Jackson DW, Jarrett H, Bailey D, Kausek J, Swanson S, Powell SW Injury prediction in the young athlete: a preliminary report. Am J Sports Med 1978; 6: 6–14
59. Micheli LJ Overuse injuries in children's sports: the growth factor. Orthop Clin North Am 1983; 14: 337–360
60. Nicholas JA Injuries in knee ligaments: relationship to looseness and tightness in football players. JAMA 1970; 212: 2236–2239
61. Van Camp SP, Bloor CM, Mueller PO, Cantu RC, Olson HG Nontraumatic sports death in high school and college athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 641–647
62. Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, Mathenge R, Roberts WC, Mueller FO Sudden death in young competitive athletes. JAMA 1996; 276: 199–204
63. Maron BJ, Gohman TE, Aeppli D Prevalence of sudden cardiac death during competitive sports activities in Minnesota high school athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1881–1884
64. Van Mechelen W, Twisk J, Molendijk A, Blom B, Snel J, Kemper HC Subject-related risk factors for sports injuries: a 1-yr prospective study in young adults. Med Sci Sports 1996; 28: 1171–1179
65. Backous DD, Friedl KE, Smith NJ, Parr TJ, Carpine WD Jr Soccer injuries and their relation to physical maturity. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142: 839–842