Parkinson’s: a syndrome rather than a disease?

Journal of Neural Transmission

Volumn 124, Issue 8, 2017, Pages 907-914

  Titova, Nataliya ^a   Padmakumar, C ^b   Lewis, Simon J G ^c   Chaudhuri, K Ray ^d,e  

^a PIROGOV RUSSIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^b JOHN HUNTER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d KING S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Individualized medicine; Neurotransmitter; Non motor subtypes; Non motor symptoms; Parkinson s disease; Parkinson s syndrome

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; DOPAMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER;

CLINICAL FEATURE; DIFFUSE LEWY BODY DISEASE; DOPAMINERGIC NERVE CELL; HUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PARKINSONISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHY DRAGER SYNDROME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; SYNDROME;

HUMANS; PARKINSON DISEASE; SYNDROME;

EID: 85007417737     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1667-6     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Adler CH, Dugger BN, Hentz JG, Hinni ML, Lott DG, Driver-Dunckley E, Mehta S, Serrano G, Sue LI, Duffy A, Intorcia A, Filon J, Pullen J, Walker DG, Beach TG (2016) Peripheral synucleinopathy in early parkinson’s disease: submandibular gland needle biopsy findings. Mov Disord 31(2):250–256. doi:10.1002/mds.26476
2. Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rüb U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24(2):197–211
3. Chaudhuri KR, Fung VSC (2016) Fast facts: Parkinson’s disease, 4th edn. Health Press Limited, Oxford
4. Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AH, National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2006) Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 5(3):235–245
5. Erro R, Vitale C, Amboni M, Picillo M, Moccia M, Longo K, Santangelo G, De Rosa A, Allocca R, Giordano F, Orefice G, De Michele G, Santoro L, Pellecchia MT, Barone P (2013) The heterogeneity of early Parkinson’s disease: a cluster analysis on newly diagnosed untreated patients. PLoS One 8(8):e70244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070244
6. Erro R, Picillo M, Amboni M, Moccia M, Vitale C, Longo K, Pellecchia MT, Santangelo G, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR, Barone P (2015) Nonmotor predictors for levodopa requirement in de novo patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 30(3):373–378. doi:10.1002/mds.26076
7. Espay AJ, LeWitt PA, Kaufmann H (2014) Norepinephrine deficiency in Parkinson’s disease: the case for noradrenergic enhancement. Mov Disord 29(14):1710–1719. doi:10.1002/mds.26048
8. Gibbons CH, Garcia J, Wang N, Shih LC, Freeman R (2016) The diagnostic discrimination of cutaneous α-synuclein deposition in Parkinson disease. Neurology 87(5):505–512. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002919
9. Gjerløff T, Fedorova T, Knudsen K, Munk OL, Nahimi A, Jacobsen S, Danielsen EH, Terkelsen AJ, Hansen J, Pavese N, Brooks DJ, Borghammer P (2015) Imaging acetylcholinesterase density in peripheral organs in Parkinson’s disease with 11C-donepezil PET. Brain 138(Pt 3):653–663. doi:10.1093/brain/awu369
10. Halliday GM, Blumbergs PC, Cotton RG, Blessing WW, Geffen LB (1990) Loss of brainstem serotonin-and substance P-containing neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 510(1):104–107
11. Halliday G, Lees A, Stern M (2011) Milestones in Parkinson’s disease—clinical and pathologic features. Mov Disord 26(6):1015–1021. doi:10.1002/mds.23669
12. Hirsch EC, Graybiel AM, Duyckaerts C, Javoy-Agid F (1987) Neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84(16):5976–5980
13. Iwanaga K, Wakabayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Tomita I, Satoh H, Takashima H, Satoh A, Seto M, Tsujihata M, Takahashi H (1999) Lewy body-type degeneration in cardiac plexus in Parkinson’s and incidental Lewy body diseases. Neurology 52(6):1269–1271
14. Jellinger K (1987) Overview of morphological changes in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 45:1–18
15. Jellinger KA (2012) Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson’s disease: evaluation and changes of concepts. Mov Disord 27(1):8–30. doi:10.1002/mds.23795
16. Jellinger KA (2015) Neuropathobiology of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease. J Neural Transm 122:1429–1440. doi:10.1007/s00702-015-1405-5
17. Klingelhoefer L, Reichmann H (2015) Pathogenesis of Parkinson disease—the gut-brain axis and environmental factors. Nat Rev Neurol 11(11):625–636. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.197
18. Langston JW (2006) The Parkinson’s complex: parkinsonism is just the tip of the iceberg. Ann Neurol 59(4):591–596
19. Lewis SJ, Foltynie T, Blackwell AD, Robbins TW, Owen AM, Barker RA (2005) Heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease in the early clinical stages using a data driven approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76(3):343–348
20. Marras C, Chaudhuri KR (2016) Nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease subtypes. Mov Disord 31(8):1095–1102. doi:10.1002/mds.26510
21. Martinez-Martin P, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Kurtis MM, Chaudhuri KR, NMSS Validation Group (2011) The impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 26(3):399–406. doi:10.1002/mds.23462
22. Moore SF, Barker RA (2014) Predictors of Parkinson’s disease dementia: towards targeted therapies for a heterogeneous disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(1):104–107. doi:10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70026-9
23. Parkinson J (1817) An essay on the shaking palsy. Sherwood, Neely and Jones, London
24. Pavese N, Metta V, Bose SK, Chaudhuri KR, Brooks DJ (2010) Fatigue in Parkinson’s disease is linked to striatal and limbic serotonergic dysfunction. Brain 133(11):3434–3443. doi:10.1093/brain/awq268
25. 11C]DASB PET study in Parkinson’s disease. Neuroimage 59(2):1080–1084. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.034
26. Politis M, Wu K, Loane C, Kiferle L, Molloy S, Brooks DJ, Piccini P (2010) Staging of serotonergic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: an in vivo 11C-DASB PET study. Neurobiol Dis 40(1):216–221. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.028
27. Pont-Sunyer C, Hotter A, Gaig C, Seppi K, Compta Y, Katzenschlager R, Mas N, Hofeneder D, Brücke T, Bayés A, Wenzel K, Infante J, Zach H, Pirker W, Posada IJ, Álvarez R, Ispierto L, De Fàbregues O, Callén A, Palasí A, Aguilar M, Martí MJ, Valldeoriola F, Salamero M, Poewe W, Tolosa E (2015) The onset of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (the ONSET PD study). Mov Disord 30(2):229–237. doi:10.1002/mds.26077
28. Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W, Obeso J, Marek K, Litvan I, Lang AE, Halliday G, Goetz CG, Gasser T, Dubois B, Chan P, Bloem BR, Adler CH, Deuschl G (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 30(12):1591–1601. doi:10.1002/mds.26424
29. Reijnders JS, Ehrt U, Lousberg R, Aarsland D, Leentjens AF (2009) The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(5):379–382. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.09.003
30. Sauerbier A, Jenner P, Todorova A, Chaudhuri KR (2016) Non motor subtypes and Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 22(1):41–46. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.027
31. Schrag A, Horsfall L, Walters K, Noyce A, Petersen I (2015a) Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson’s disease in primary care: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol 14(1):57–64. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70287-X
32. Schrag A, Sauerbier A, Chaudhuri KR (2015b) New clinical trials for nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 30(11):1490–1504. doi:10.1002/mds.26415
33. Selikhova M, Williams DR, Kempster PA, Holton JL, Revesz T, Lees AJ (2009) A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 132(Pt 11):2947–2957. doi:10.1093/brain/awp234
34. Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Mutlu E, Dodiya HB, Daian D, Jaglin JA, Kordower JH (2012) Alpha-synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 27(6):709–715. doi:10.1002/mds.23838
35. Shimada H, Hirano S, Shinotoh H, Aotsuka A, Sato K, Tanaka N, Ota T, Asahina M, Fukushi K, Kuwabara S, Hattori T, Suhara T, Irie T (2009) Mapping of brain acetylcholinesterase alterations in Lewy body disease by PET. Neurology 73(4):273–278. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ab2b58
36. Szeto JYY, O’Callaghan C, Shine JM, Walton CC, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL, Halliday GM, Lewis SJG (2015) The relationships between mild cognitive impairment and phenotype in Parkinson’s disease. Npj Parkinson’s Dis 1:15015. doi:10.1038/npjparkd.2015.15
37. Todorova A, Jenner P, Ray Chaudhuri K (2014) Non-motor Parkinson’s: integral to motor Parkinson’s, yet often neglected. Pract Neurol 14(5):310–322. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2013-000741
38. van Rooden SM, Heiser WJ, Kok JN, Verbaan D, van Hilten JJ, Marinus J (2010) The identification of Parkinson’s disease subtypes using cluster analysis: a systematic review. Mov Disord 25(8):969–978. doi:10.1002/mds.23116
39. Weintraub D, Simuni T, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Lasch S, Siderowf A, Aarsland D, Barone P, Burn D, Chahine LM, Eberling J, Espay AJ, Foster ED, Leverenz JB, Litvan I, Richard I, Troyer MD, Hawkins KA, Initiative Parkinson’s Progression Markers (2015) Cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in early, untreated Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 30(7):919–927. doi:10.1002/mds.26170
40. Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, Foltynie T, Ban M, Robbins TW, Brayne C, Kolachana BS, Weinberger DR, Sawcer SJ, Barker RA (2009) The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson’s disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain 132(Pt 11):2958–2969. doi:10.1093/brain/awp245
41. Ylikoski A, Martikainen K, Sarkanen T, Partinen M (2015) Parkinson’s disease and narcolepsy-like symptoms. Sleep Med 16(4):540–544. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.010
42. Zis P, Erro R, Walton CC, Sauerbier A, Chaudhuri KR (2015) The range and nature of non-motor symptoms in drug-naive Parkinson’s disease patients: a state-of-the-art systematic review. Npj Parkinson’s Disease 1:15013