Overlapping HIV and sex-work stigma among female sex workers recruited to 14 respondent-driven sampling surveys across Zimbabwe, 2013

AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2017, Pages 675-685

  Hargreaves, J R ^a   Busza, J ^a   Mushati, P ^b   Fearon, E ^a   Cowan, F M ^b,c  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTRE FOR SEXUAL HEALTH AND HIV AIDS RESEARCH   (Zimbabwe)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

HIV; sex work; stigma; Zimbabwe

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTITUTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SEX WORKER; SHAME; SOCIAL STIGMA; VERBAL HOSTILITY; ZIMBABWE; HIV INFECTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; SAMPLING STUDIES; SEX WORK; SEX WORKERS; SOCIAL STIGMA; YOUNG ADULT; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 85006847087     PISSN: 09540121     EISSN: 13600451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1268673     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Abel, G., (2014). Sex workers’ utilisation of health services in a decriminalised environment. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1390), 30–37.
2. Begum, S., Hocking, J. S., Groves, J., Fairley, C. K., & Keogh, L. A., (2013). Sex workers talk about sex work:Six contradictory characteristics of legalised sex work in Melbourne, Australia. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(1), 85–100. doi:10.1080/13691058.2012.743187
3. Biradavolu, M. R., Blankenship, K. M., Jena, A., & Dhungana, N., (2012). Structural stigma, sex work and HIV:Contradictions and lessons learnt from a community-led structural intervention in southern India. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(Suppl. 2), ii95–ii99. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200508
4. Bodkin, K., Delahunty-Pike, A., & O’shea, T., (2015). Reducing stigma in healthcare and law enforcement:A novel approach to service provision for street level sex workers. International Journal for Equity in Health, 14(1), 322. doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0156-0
5. Campbell, C., Skovdal, M., Madanhire, C., Mugurungi, O., Gregson, S., & Nyamukapa, C., (2011). “We, the AIDS people … ”:How antiretroviral therapy enables Zimbabweans living With HIV/AIDS to cope with stigma. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1004–1010. doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.202838
6. Chakrapani, V., Newman, P. A., Shunmugam, M., Kurian, A. K., & Dubrow, R., (2009). Barriers to free antiretroviral treatment access for female sex workers in Chennai, India. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(11), 973–980. doi:10.1089/apc.2009.0035
7. Chan, B. T., Tsai, A. C., & Siedner, M. J., (2015). HIV treatment scale-up and HIV-related stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa:A longitudinal cross-country analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 105(8), 1581–1587. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302716
8. Chan, B. T., Weiser, S. D., Boum, Y., Siedner, M. J., Mocello, A. R., Haberer, J. E., … Tsai, A. C., (2015). Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion. AIDS, 29(1), 83–90. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000495
9. Cowan, F. M., Davey, C., Fearon, E., Mushati, P., Dirawo, J., Cambiano, V., … Hargreaves, J. R., (2016). The HIV care cascade among female sex workers in Zimbabwe:Results of a population-based survey from the Sisters Antiretroviral therapy Programme for Prevention of HIV, an Integrated Response (SAPPH-IRe) trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Accepted.
10. Deering, K. N., Bhattacharjee, P., Bradley, J., Moses, S. S., Shannon, K., Shaw, S. Y., … Alary, M., (2011). Condom use within non-commercial partnerships of female sex workers in southern India. BMC Public Health, 11(Suppl. 6), S11. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-S6-S11
11. Folch, C., Lazar, C., Ferrer, L., Sanclemente, C., & Casabona, J., (2013). Female sex workers and access to social and health services in Catalonia:Influence of region of origin and place of work. AIDS Care, 25(8), 1033–1038. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.748872
12. Grubb, I. R., Beckham, S. W., Kazatchkine, M., Thomas, R. M., Albers, E. R., Cabral, M., … IAS Treatment for Key Affected Populations Working Group. (2014). Maximizing the benefits of antiretroviral therapy for key affected populations. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 17, 19320. doi:10.7448/IAS.17.1.19320
13. Hargreaves, J. R., Fearon, E., Davey, C., Phillips, A., Cambiano, V., & Cowan, F. M., (2016). Statistical design and analysis plan for an impact evaluation of an HIV treatment and prevention intervention for female sex workers in Zimbabwe:A study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 538. doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1095-1
14. Jeffreys, E., Matthews, K., & Thomas, A., (2010). HIV criminalisation and sex work in Australia. Reproductive Health Matters, 18(35), 129–136. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(10)35496-6
15. Karandikar, S., & Prospero, M., (2010). From client to pimp:Male violence against female sex workers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(2), 257–273. doi:10.1177/0886260509334393
16. Katz, I. T., Ryu, A. E., Onuegbu, A. G., Psaros, C., Weiser, S. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Tsai, A. C., (2013). Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence:Systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl. 2), 18640. doi:10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640
17. Kelly, J. D., Weiser, S. D., & Tsai, A. C., (2016). Proximate context of HIV stigma and its association with HIV testing in Sierra Leone:A population-based study. AIDS and Behavior, 20(1), 65–70. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1035-9
18. Lazarus, L., Deering, K. N., Nabess, R., Gibson, K., Tyndall, M. W., & Shannon, K., (2012). Occupational stigma as a primary barrier to health care for street-based sex workers in Canada. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 14(2), 139–150. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.628411
19. Liu, S.-H., Srikrishnan, A. K., Zelaya, C. E., Solomon, S., Celentano, D. D., & Sherman, S. G., (2011). Measuring perceived stigma in female sex workers in Chennai, India. AIDS Care, 23(5), 619–627. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.525606
20. Logie, C. H., James, L., Tharao, W., & Loutfy, M. R., (2011). HIV, gender, race, sexual orientation, and sex work:A qualitative study of intersectional stigma experienced by HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. PLoS Medicine, 8(11), e1001124. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001124
21. Mirzazadeh, A., Haghdoost, A. A., Nedjat, S., Navadeh, S., McFarland, W., & Mohammad, K., (2013). Accuracy of HIV-related risk behaviors reported by female sex workers, Iran:A method to quantify measurement bias in marginalized populations. AIDS and Behavior, 17(2), 623–631. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0285-z
22. Mtetwa, S., Busza, J., Chidiya, S., Mungofa, S., & Cowan, F., (2013). “You are wasting our drugs”:Health service barriers to HIV treatment for sex workers in Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health, 13, 538. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-698
23. Nam, S. L., Fielding, K., Avalos, A., Dickinson, D., Gaolathe, T., & Geissler, P. W., (2008). The relationship of acceptance or denial of HIV-status to antiretroviral adherence among adult HIV patients in urban Botswana. Social Science & Medicine, 67(2), 301–310. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.042
24. Pando, M. A., Coloccini, R. S., Reynaga, E., Rodriguez Fermepin, M., Gallo Vaulet, L., Kochel, T. J., … Avila, M. M., (2013). Violence as a barrier for HIV prevention among female sex workers in Argentina. PLoS One, 8(1), e54147. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054147
25. Parker, R., & Aggleton, P., (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination:A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science and Medicine, 57(1), 13–24. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00304-0
26. Peitzmeier, S. M., Grosso, A., Bowes, A., Ceesay, N., & Baral, S. D., (2015). Associations of stigma with negative health outcomes for people living with HIV in the Gambia:Implications for key populations. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 68(Suppl. 2), S146–S153. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000453
27. Robillard, C., (2010). Honourable senoras, liminal campesinas and the shameful other:Re-defining feminities in Bolivia. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(5), 529–542. doi:10.1080/13691051003668308
28. Roche, K., & Keith, C., (2014). How stigma affects healthcare access for transgender sex workers. British Journal of Nursing, 23(21), 1147–1152. doi:10.12968/bjon.2014.23.21.1147
29. Rogers, S. J., Tureski, K., Cushnie, A., Brown, A., Bailey, A., & Palmer, Q., (2014). Layered stigma among health-care and social service providers toward key affected populations in Jamaica and The Bahamas. AIDS Care, 26(5), 538–546. doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.844762
30. Roura, M., Wringe, A., Busza, J., Nhandi, B., Mbata, D., Zaba, B., & Urassa, M., (2009). “Just like fever”:A qualitative study on the impact of antiretroviral provision on the normalisation of HIV in rural Tanzania and its implications for prevention. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 9(1), 759. doi:10.1186/1472-698X-9-22
31. Scorgie, F., Vasey, K., Harper, E., Richter, M., Nare, P., Maseko, S., & Chersich, M. F., (2013). Human rights abuses and collective resilience among sex workers in four African countries:A qualitative study. Global Health, 9(1), 33. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-9-33
32. Stahlman, S., Grosso, A., Ketende, S., Sweitzer, S., Mothopeng, T., Taruberekera, N., & Baral, S., (2015). Depression and social stigma among MSM in Lesotho:Implications for HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention. AIDS and Behavior, 19(8), 1460–1469. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1094-y
33. Stangl, A. L., Brady, L., & Fritz, K., (2012). Measuring HIV stigma and discrimination. STRIVE Technical Brief.
34. Stangl, A. L., Lloyd, J. K., Brady, L. M., Holland, C. E., & Baral, S., (2013). A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013:How far have we come? Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl. 2), 18734. doi:10.7448/IAS.16.3.18734
35. Talam, N. C., Gatongi, P., Rotich, J., & Kimaiyo, S., (2008). Factors affecting antiretroviral drug adherence among HIV/AIDS adult patients attending HIV/AIDS clinic at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. East African Journal of Public Health, 5(2), 74–78.
36. Tsai, A. C., Bangsberg, D. R., Kegeles, S. M., Katz, I. T., Haberer, J. E., Muzoora, C., … Weiser, S. D., (2013). Internalized stigma, social distance, and disclosure of HIV seropositivity in rural Uganda. Annals of Behavioral Medicine:A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 46(3), 285–294. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9514-6
37. Tsai, A. C., Hatcher, A. M., Bukusi, E. A., Weke, E., Lemus Hufstedler, L., Dworkin, S. L., … Weiser, S. D., (2016). A livelihood intervention to reduce the stigma of HIV in rural Kenya:Longitudinal qualitative study. AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1285-6
38. Visser, M. J., Kershaw, T., Makin, J. D., & Forsyth, B. W., (2008). Development of parallel scales to measure HIV-related stigma. AIDS and Behavior, 12(5), 759–771. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9363-7
39. Volz, E., & Heckathorn, D. D., (2008). Probability based estimation theory for respondent driven sampling. Journal of Official Statistics, 24, 79–97.
40. WHO. (2015). Sexual health, human rights and the law. Geneva:Author.