메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 434, Issue , 2017, Pages 91-101

Past tree cover of the Congo Basin recovered by phytoliths and δ13C along soil profiles

Author keywords

Congo Basin; Forest; Phytolith; Savanna; Soil profile; 13C

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE VARIATION; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOECOLOGY; PHYTOLITH; SAVANNA; SOIL CARBON; SOIL PROFILE; TROPICAL FOREST;

EID: 85006790635     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.150     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 57049135791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoecological significance of palms at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, based on phytolith remains
    • Albert, R.M., Bamford, M.K., Cabanes, D., Palaeoecological significance of palms at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, based on phytolith remains. Quaternary International 193 (2009), 41–48.
    • (2009) Quaternary International , vol.193 , pp. 41-48
    • Albert, R.M.1    Bamford, M.K.2    Cabanes, D.3
  • 5
    • 0030748174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant impact on the biogeochemical cycle of silicon and related weathering processes
    • Alexandre, A., Meunier, J.D., Colin, F., Koud, J.M., Plant impact on the biogeochemical cycle of silicon and related weathering processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 (1997), 677–682.
    • (1997) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.61 , pp. 677-682
    • Alexandre, A.1    Meunier, J.D.2    Colin, F.3    Koud, J.M.4
  • 6
    • 0033064011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene phytolith and carbon-isotope record from a latosol at Salitre, South-Central Brazil
    • Alexandre, A., Meunier, J.-D., Mariotti, A., Soubies, F., Late Holocene phytolith and carbon-isotope record from a latosol at Salitre, South-Central Brazil. Quaternary Research 51 (1999), 187–194.
    • (1999) Quaternary Research , vol.51 , pp. 187-194
    • Alexandre, A.1    Meunier, J.-D.2    Mariotti, A.3    Soubies, F.4
  • 7
    • 84873826836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioturbation and the upward movement of sediment particles and archaeological materials: comments on Bueno et al
    • Araujo, A.G.M., Bioturbation and the upward movement of sediment particles and archaeological materials: comments on Bueno et al. Journal of Archaeological Science 40 (2013), 2124–2127.
    • (2013) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.40 , pp. 2124-2127
    • Araujo, A.G.M.1
  • 8
    • 0002018409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of Soil Organic Matter Turnover Using 13C Natural Abundance. Mass spectrometry of soils
    • Balesdent, J., Mariotti, A., Boutton, T.W., Yamasaki, S.I., Measurement of Soil Organic Matter Turnover Using 13C Natural Abundance. Mass spectrometry of soils. 1996, 83–111.
    • (1996) , pp. 83-111
    • Balesdent, J.1    Mariotti, A.2    Boutton, T.W.3    Yamasaki, S.I.4
  • 10
    • 70449710849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoliths of East African grasses: an assessment of their environmental and taxonomic significance based on floristic data
    • Barboni, D., Bremond, L., Phytoliths of East African grasses: an assessment of their environmental and taxonomic significance based on floristic data. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 158 (2009), 29–41.
    • (2009) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.158 , pp. 29-41
    • Barboni, D.1    Bremond, L.2
  • 12
    • 82455219321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process
    • Blaauw, M., Christen, J.A., Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process. Bayesian Analysis 6 (2011), 457–474.
    • (2011) Bayesian Analysis , vol.6 , pp. 457-474
    • Blaauw, M.1    Christen, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 0002018409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Soil Organic Matter and Their Use as Indicators of Vegetation and Climate Change
    • T.W. Boutton S.I. Yamasaki
    • Boutton, T.W., Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Soil Organic Matter and Their Use as Indicators of Vegetation and Climate Change. Boutton, T.W., Yamasaki, S.I., (eds.) Mass spectrometry of soils, 1996, 47–82.
    • (1996) Mass spectrometry of soils , pp. 47-82
    • Boutton, T.W.1
  • 15
    • 14844298808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phytolith index as a proxy of tree cover density in tropical areas: calibration with Leaf Area Index along a forest-savanna transect in southeastern Cameroon
    • Bremond, L., Alexandre, A., Hély, C., Guiot, J., A phytolith index as a proxy of tree cover density in tropical areas: calibration with Leaf Area Index along a forest-savanna transect in southeastern Cameroon. Global and Planetary Change 45 (2005), 277–293.
    • (2005) Global and Planetary Change , vol.45 , pp. 277-293
    • Bremond, L.1    Alexandre, A.2    Hély, C.3    Guiot, J.4
  • 17
    • 68049126411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and climate change impacts on lowland forest composition in northern Congo during the last 2580 years from palaeoecological analyses of a seasonally flooded swamp
    • Brncic, T., Willis, K., Harris, D., Telfer, M., Bailey, R., Fire and climate change impacts on lowland forest composition in northern Congo during the last 2580 years from palaeoecological analyses of a seasonally flooded swamp. The Holocene 19 (2009), 79–89.
    • (2009) The Holocene , vol.19 , pp. 79-89
    • Brncic, T.1    Willis, K.2    Harris, D.3    Telfer, M.4    Bailey, R.5
  • 21
    • 85015403417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CoForChange, Project.,.
    • CoForChange, Project., http://www.coforchange.eu/fr/.
  • 22
    • 0034784542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent origin of a large part of the forest cover in the Gabon coastal area based on stable carbon isotope data
    • Delègue, M.-A., Fuhr, M., Schwartz, D., Mariotti, A., Nasi, R., Recent origin of a large part of the forest cover in the Gabon coastal area based on stable carbon isotope data. Oecologia 129 (2001), 106–113.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , pp. 106-113
    • Delègue, M.-A.1    Fuhr, M.2    Schwartz, D.3    Mariotti, A.4    Nasi, R.5
  • 27
    • 77958546102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of tree and grass roots in savannas in relation to soil nitrogen and water
    • February, E., Higgins, S., The distribution of tree and grass roots in savannas in relation to soil nitrogen and water. South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010), 517–523.
    • (2010) South African Journal of Botany , vol.76 , pp. 517-523
    • February, E.1    Higgins, S.2
  • 28
    • 0030726859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical control of soil organic matter dynamics in the tropics
    • Feller, C., Beare, M.H., Physical control of soil organic matter dynamics in the tropics. Geoderma 79 (1997), 69–116.
    • (1997) Geoderma , vol.79 , pp. 69-116
    • Feller, C.1    Beare, M.H.2
  • 29
    • 77953232820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytolith transport in soil: a field study using fluorescent labelling
    • Fishkis, O., Ingwersen, J., Lamers, M., Denysenko, D., Streck, T., Phytolith transport in soil: a field study using fluorescent labelling. Geoderma 157 (2010), 27–36.
    • (2010) Geoderma , vol.157 , pp. 27-36
    • Fishkis, O.1    Ingwersen, J.2    Lamers, M.3    Denysenko, D.4    Streck, T.5
  • 31
    • 84904266539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les forêts à Marantaceae au sein de la mosaïque forestière du Nord de la République du Congo: origines et modalités de gestion
    • Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (Ph.D. thesis)
    • Gillet, J.-F., Les forêts à Marantaceae au sein de la mosaïque forestière du Nord de la République du Congo: origines et modalités de gestion., 2013, Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 194 (Ph.D. thesis).
    • (2013) , pp. 194
    • Gillet, J.-F.1
  • 32
    • 0035668238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agreement between floristic and soil organic carbon isotope (C-13/C-12, C-14) indicators of forest invasion of savannas during the last century in Cameroon
    • Guillet, B., Achoundong, G., Happi, J.Y., Beyala, V.K.K., Bonvallot, J., Riera, B., Mariotti, A., Schwartz, D., Agreement between floristic and soil organic carbon isotope (C-13/C-12, C-14) indicators of forest invasion of savannas during the last century in Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17 (2001), 809–832.
    • (2001) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 809-832
    • Guillet, B.1    Achoundong, G.2    Happi, J.Y.3    Beyala, V.K.K.4    Bonvallot, J.5    Riera, B.6    Mariotti, A.7    Schwartz, D.8
  • 35
    • 80155157894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rioja: Analysis of Quaternary Science Data Version: 0.7–3
    • Juggins, S., Rioja: Analysis of Quaternary Science Data Version: 0.7–3. 2012.
    • (2012)
    • Juggins, S.1
  • 37
    • 0004095588 scopus 로고
    • Opal Phytoliths of New Zealand
    • Manaaki Whenua Press Lincoln
    • Kondo, R., Childs, C., Atkinson, I., Opal Phytoliths of New Zealand. 1994, Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
    • (1994)
    • Kondo, R.1    Childs, C.2    Atkinson, I.3
  • 38
    • 0001423005 scopus 로고
    • 9 Impact of Soil Fauna on the Properties of Soils in the Humid Tropics1
    • Lavelle, P., Blanchart, E., 9 Impact of Soil Fauna on the Properties of Soils in the Humid Tropics1. 1992.
    • (1992)
    • Lavelle, P.1    Blanchart, E.2
  • 39
    • 25144512506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International code for phytolith nomenclature 1.0
    • Madella, M., Alexandre, A., Ball, T., ICPN Working Group. International code for phytolith nomenclature 1.0. Annals of Botany 96 (2005), 253–260.
    • (2005) Annals of Botany , vol.96 , pp. 253-260
    • Madella, M.1    Alexandre, A.2    Ball, T.3
  • 40
    • 0031955088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28,000 years B.P
    • Maley, J., Brenac, P., Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28,000 years B.P. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 99 (1998), 157–187.
    • (1998) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.99 , pp. 157-187
    • Maley, J.1    Brenac, P.2
  • 41
    • 0002460096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A catastrophic destruction of African forests about 2,500 years ago still exerts a major influence on present vegetation formations
    • Maley, J., A catastrophic destruction of African forests about 2,500 years ago still exerts a major influence on present vegetation formations. IDS bulletin 33 (2002), 13–30.
    • (2002) IDS bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 13-30
    • Maley, J.1
  • 42
    • 84945567746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did a savanna corridor open up across the Central African forests 2500 years ago?
    • Maley, J., Willis, K., Did a savanna corridor open up across the Central African forests 2500 years ago?. CoForChange Newsletters(2), 2010 http://www.coforchange.eu/products/newsletters.
    • (2010) CoForChange Newsletters , Issue.2
    • Maley, J.1    Willis, K.2
  • 43
    • 84902237235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on “Geochronological arguments for a close relationship between surficial formation profiles and environmental crisis (c. 3000–2000 BP) in Gabon (Central Africa)”, by D. Thiéblemont et al., 2013 [C.R. Geoscience 345, 272–283]
    • Maley, J., Giresse, P., Favier, C., Doumenge, C., Comment on “Geochronological arguments for a close relationship between surficial formation profiles and environmental crisis (c. 3000–2000 BP) in Gabon (Central Africa)”, by D. Thiéblemont et al., 2013 [C.R. Geoscience 345, 272–283]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 346 (2014), 200–202.
    • (2014) Comptes Rendus Geoscience , vol.346 , pp. 200-202
    • Maley, J.1    Giresse, P.2    Favier, C.3    Doumenge, C.4
  • 44
    • 0028160020 scopus 로고
    • Forest savanna ecotone dynamics in India as revealed by carbon isotope ratios of soil organic matter
    • Mariotti, A., Peterschmitt, E., Forest savanna ecotone dynamics in India as revealed by carbon isotope ratios of soil organic matter. Oecologia 97 (1994), 475–480.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.97 , pp. 475-480
    • Mariotti, A.1    Peterschmitt, E.2
  • 51
    • 27644440831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes during the past 1300 years in western equatorial Africa: a highresolution pollen record from Lake Kamalete, Lope Reserve, Central Gabon
    • Ngomanda, A., Chepstow-Lusty, A., Makaya, M., Schevin, P., Maley, J., Fontugne, M., Oslisly, R., Rabenkogo, N., Jolly, D., Vegetation changes during the past 1300 years in western equatorial Africa: a highresolution pollen record from Lake Kamalete, Lope Reserve, Central Gabon. The Holocene 15 (2005), 1021–1031.
    • (2005) The Holocene , vol.15 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Ngomanda, A.1    Chepstow-Lusty, A.2    Makaya, M.3    Schevin, P.4    Maley, J.5    Fontugne, M.6    Oslisly, R.7    Rabenkogo, N.8    Jolly, D.9
  • 53
    • 63549130216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality change and the third millennium BP rainforest crisis in southern Cameroon (Central Africa)
    • Ngomanda, A., Neumann, K., Schweizer, A., Maley, J., Seasonality change and the third millennium BP rainforest crisis in southern Cameroon (Central Africa). Quaternary Research 71 (2009), 307–318.
    • (2009) Quaternary Research , vol.71 , pp. 307-318
    • Ngomanda, A.1    Neumann, K.2    Schweizer, A.3    Maley, J.4
  • 55
    • 85015420706 scopus 로고
    • A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses
    • III. Smithsonian Institution Washington
    • Palmer, P.G., Gerbeth-jones, S., Hutchison, S., A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses. 1985, III. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
    • (1985)
    • Palmer, P.G.1    Gerbeth-jones, S.2    Hutchison, S.3
  • 57
    • 84888590168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancient origin of a rainforest in Gabon as revealed by carbon isotope data of vegetation and soil
    • Pietsch, S.A., Gautam, S., Ancient origin of a rainforest in Gabon as revealed by carbon isotope data of vegetation and soil. The Holocene 23 (2013), 1778–1785.
    • (2013) The Holocene , vol.23 , pp. 1778-1785
    • Pietsch, S.A.1    Gautam, S.2
  • 59
    • 57349192173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in tropical forest tree species composition in the Central African Republic: an assessment based on inventories by forest companies
    • Réjou-Méchain, M., Pélissier, R., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Couteron, P., Nasi, R., Thompson, J.D., Regional variation in tropical forest tree species composition in the Central African Republic: an assessment based on inventories by forest companies. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24 (2008), 663–674.
    • (2008) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 663-674
    • Réjou-Méchain, M.1    Pélissier, R.2    Gourlet-Fleury, S.3    Couteron, P.4    Nasi, R.5    Thompson, J.D.6
  • 60
    • 0030469119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Végétation et climat dans les forêts du Sud-Ouest Cameroun depuis 4770 ans BP: analyse pollinique des sédiments du Lac Ossa
    • Reynaud-Farrera, I., Maley, J., Wirrmann, D., Végétation et climat dans les forêts du Sud-Ouest Cameroun depuis 4770 ans BP: analyse pollinique des sédiments du Lac Ossa. Compte rendu de l'académie des sciences, Paris 322ng (1996), 749–755.
    • (1996) Compte rendu de l'académie des sciences, Paris , vol.322ng , pp. 749-755
    • Reynaud-Farrera, I.1    Maley, J.2    Wirrmann, D.3
  • 61
    • 84923701498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of geomorphic dynamics in ancient quartzite landscape using phytolith and carbon isotopes, Espinhaço Mountain Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    • Ribeiro Rocha Augustin, C.H., Coe, H.H.G., Chueng, K.F., Gomes, J.G., Analysis of geomorphic dynamics in ancient quartzite landscape using phytolith and carbon isotopes, Espinhaço Mountain Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Géomorphologie 4 (2015), 355–376.
    • (2015) Géomorphologie , vol.4 , pp. 355-376
    • Ribeiro Rocha Augustin, C.H.1    Coe, H.H.G.2    Chueng, K.F.3    Gomes, J.G.4
  • 62
    • 78650308317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep soil organic matter—a key but poorly understood component of terrestrial C cycle
    • Rumpel, C., Kögel-Knabner, I., Deep soil organic matter—a key but poorly understood component of terrestrial C cycle. Plant and Soil 338 (2011), 143–158.
    • (2011) Plant and Soil , vol.338 , pp. 143-158
    • Rumpel, C.1    Kögel-Knabner, I.2
  • 63
    • 0032846194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opal phytolith inventory of soils in central Africa – quantities, shapes, classification, and spectra
    • Runge, F., The opal phytolith inventory of soils in central Africa – quantities, shapes, classification, and spectra. Review of palaeobotany and palynology 107 (1999), 23–53.
    • (1999) Review of palaeobotany and palynology , vol.107 , pp. 23-53
    • Runge, F.1
  • 64
    • 0022833130 scopus 로고
    • 12C Ratios of soil organic matter as indicators of vegetation changes in the Congo
    • 12C Ratios of soil organic matter as indicators of vegetation changes in the Congo. Geoderma 39 (1986), 97–103.
    • (1986) Geoderma , vol.39 , pp. 97-103
    • Schwartz, D.1    Mariotti, A.2    Lanfranchi, R.3    Guillet, B.4
  • 65
    • 0026456678 scopus 로고
    • Assèchement climatique vers 3000 BP et expansion Bantu en Afrique centrale atlantique: quelques réflexions
    • Schwartz, D., Assèchement climatique vers 3000 BP et expansion Bantu en Afrique centrale atlantique: quelques réflexions. Bulletin Societe géolgique France 163 (1992), 353–361.
    • (1992) Bulletin Societe géolgique France , vol.163 , pp. 353-361
    • Schwartz, D.1
  • 67
    • 85031141471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Le site de Lope 2: un indicateur de transition ecosystemique ca 10 000 BP dans la moyenne vallee de l'Ogooue (Gabon)
    • Schwartz, D., Le site de Lope 2: un indicateur de transition ecosystemique ca 10 000 BP dans la moyenne vallee de l'Ogooue (Gabon). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Series IIA Earth and Planetary Science 5 (1997), 389–391.
    • (1997) Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Series IIA Earth and Planetary Science , vol.5 , pp. 389-391
    • Schwartz, D.1
  • 69
    • 84886090818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronological arguments for a close relationship between surficial formation profiles and environmental crisis (c. 3000–2000 BP) in Gabon (Central Africa)
    • Thiéblemont, D., Flehoc, C., Ebang-Obiang, M., Rigollet, C., Prian, J.-P., Prognon, F., Geochronological arguments for a close relationship between surficial formation profiles and environmental crisis (c. 3000–2000 BP) in Gabon (Central Africa). Comptes Rendus Geoscience 345 (2013), 272–283.
    • (2013) Comptes Rendus Geoscience , vol.345 , pp. 272-283
    • Thiéblemont, D.1    Flehoc, C.2    Ebang-Obiang, M.3    Rigollet, C.4    Prian, J.-P.5    Prognon, F.6
  • 70
    • 34250266842 scopus 로고
    • 4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along a altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya
    • 4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along a altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya. Oecologia 37 (1979), 337–350.
    • (1979) Oecologia , vol.37 , pp. 337-350
    • Tieszen, L.L.1    Senyimba, M.M.2    Imbamba, S.K.3
  • 71
    • 84939259755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of 1100 years of burning on the central African rainforest
    • Tovar, C., Breman, E., Brncic, T., Harris, D.J., Bailey, R., Willis, K.J., Influence of 1100 years of burning on the central African rainforest. Ecography 37 (2014), 1139–1148.
    • (2014) Ecography , vol.37 , pp. 1139-1148
    • Tovar, C.1    Breman, E.2    Brncic, T.3    Harris, D.J.4    Bailey, R.5    Willis, K.J.6
  • 72
    • 0028181602 scopus 로고
    • Soil organic carbon dynamics under Eucalyptus and Pinus planted on savannas in the Congo
    • Trouve, C., Mariotti, A., Schwartz, D., Guillet, B., Soil organic carbon dynamics under Eucalyptus and Pinus planted on savannas in the Congo. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), 287–295.
    • (1994) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.26 , pp. 287-295
    • Trouve, C.1    Mariotti, A.2    Schwartz, D.3    Guillet, B.4
  • 75
    • 0032436956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene climatic changes in western equatorial Africa inferred from pollen from Lake Sinnda, southern Congo
    • Vincens, A., Schwartz, D., Bertaux, J., Elenga, H., de Namur, C., Late Holocene climatic changes in western equatorial Africa inferred from pollen from Lake Sinnda, southern Congo. Quaternary Research 50 (1998), 34–45.
    • (1998) Quaternary Research , vol.50 , pp. 34-45
    • Vincens, A.1    Schwartz, D.2    Bertaux, J.3    Elenga, H.4    de Namur, C.5
  • 78
    • 0003657903 scopus 로고
    • The Vegetation Map of Africa
    • UNESCO Paris
    • White, F., The Vegetation Map of Africa. 1983, UNESCO, Paris.
    • (1983)
    • White, F.1
  • 79
    • 0012120554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest-savanna Dynamics and the Origins of Marantaceae Forest in Central Gabon
    • African rain forest ecology and conservation: An interdisciplinary perspective
    • White, L.J.T., Forest-savanna Dynamics and the Origins of Marantaceae Forest in Central Gabon. 2001, 165–182 African rain forest ecology and conservation: An interdisciplinary perspective.
    • (2001) , pp. 165-182
    • White, L.J.T.1
  • 81
    • 17444402437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12C ratios of soil organic carbon from soils of disparate texture in Iron Range National Park, Far North Queensland, Australia
    • 12C ratios of soil organic carbon from soils of disparate texture in Iron Range National Park, Far North Queensland, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005), 1961–1973.
    • (2005) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.69 , pp. 1961-1973
    • Wynn, J.G.1    Bird, M.I.2    Wong, V.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.