Chemical analysis of polyoxyalkylene block copolymers

Nonionic Surfactants: Polyoxyalkylene Block Copolymers

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 31-66

  Kalinoski, Henry T ^a  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOCK COPOLYMERS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; MIXTURES;

BULK PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; COMPLEX MIXTURE; COPOLYMER SURFACTANTS; MIXTURE COMPOSITIONS; POLYMER CHAINS; STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION; SURFACTANT MIXTURE;

SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS;

EID: 85006560387     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203745656     Document Type: Chapter

References (194)

1. M. J. Schick (Ed.), Nonionic Surfacants, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1966.
2. J. Cross (Ed.), Nonionic Surfacants: Chemical Analysis, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 19, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
3. M. J. Schick (Ed.), Nonionic Surfacants: Physical Chemistry, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 23, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
4. T. M. Schmitt, (Ed.), Analysis of Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 40, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992.
5. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants, D2024-65. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
6. R. M. Ianniello, Anal. Lett. 27:87 (1988).
7. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products, D482-87. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
8. J. G. W. Chlebicki, Tenside Surf. Deterg. 15:187 (1978).
9. J. G. W. Chlebicki, Tenside Surf. Deterg. 17:13 (1980).
10. M. J. Rosen, Anal. Chem. 55:2074 (1963).
11. J. J. Hejna and D. Daly, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chem. 27:107 (1970).
12. M. Zgoda and S. Petri, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 31:511 (1986).
13. M. E. Leon-Gonzalez, M. J. Santos-Delgado, and L. M. Polo-Diez, Analyst 115:609 (1990).
14. G. Fleischer, P. Bloss, and W-D. Hergeth, Coll. Polym. Sci. 271:217 (1993).
15. J. Rassing, W. P. McKenna, S. Bandyopadhyay, and E. M. Eyring, J. Mol. Liq. 27:165 (1984).
16. K. Nakamura, R. Endo, and M. Takeda, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 75:2095 (1977).
17. J. Juhasz, V. Lenaerts, P. V. Minh Tan, and H. Ong, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 756:168 (1990).
18. P. Bahadur, K. Pandya, M. Almgren, P. Li, and P. Stilbs, Coll. Polym. Sci. 277:657 (1993).
19. Z. Zukang and B. Chu, Macromolecules 20:3089 (1987).
20. G. Wanka, H. Hoffman, and W. Ulbricht, Coll. Polym Sci. 268:101 (1990).
21. K. Schillen, W. Brown, and C. Konak, Macromolecules 26:3611 (1993).
22. K. Schillen, O. Glatter, and W. Brown, Prog. Coll. Polym. Sci. 93:66 (1993).
23. O. Glatter, K. Schillen, and G. Scherf, Prog. Coll. Polym. Sci. 93:251 (1993).
24. L. Yang, A. D. Bedelis, D. Attwood, and C. Booth, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 88:1441 (1992).
25. M. M. Amiji and K. Park, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 52:539 (1994).
26. N. Funasaki, S. Hada, and S. Neya, J. Phys. Chem. 92:7112 (1988).
27. W-B. Sun, J-F. Ding, R. H. Mobbs, D. Attwood, and C. Booth, Colloids Surfaces 54:103 (1991).
28. Q. Wang, C. Price, and C. Booth, J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. 88:1437 (1992).
29. Q. Wang, G-E. Yu, Y. Deng, C. Price, and C. Booth, Eur. Polym. J. 29:665 (1993).
30. I. Alig, R. U. Eben, W. D. Hergeth, and S. Wartewig, Polym. Comm. 57:314 (1990).
31. N. M. Mitchard, A. E. Beezer, J. C. Mitchell, J. K. Armstrong, B. Z. Chowdhry, S. Leharne, and G. Buckton, J. Phys. Chem. 96:9507 (1992).
32. Y. Deng, G-E. Yu, C. Price, and C. Booth, J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. 88:1441 (1992).
33. M. W. Edens, V. M. Nace, and J. C. Knoell, Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 69, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993, p. 551.
34. H. Koenig, Fresenius’ Z. Anal. Chem. 251:225 (1970).
35. H. Koenig, Tenside Surf. Deterg. 8:63 (1971).
36. G. Carminati, L. Cavalli, and F. Buosi, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65:669 (1988).
37. A. J. Montana, in Nonionic Surfactants: Chemical Analysis (J. Cross, Ed.), Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 19, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
38. W. Gronski, G. Hellmann, and A. Wilsch-Irrgang, Makromol. Chem. 792:591 (1991).
39. C. L. LeBas and P. A. Turley, J. Cell Plast. 20:194 (1984).
40. M. M. Zgoda, Acta Pol. Pharm. 45:63 (1988).
41. D. M. Gabriel, J. Soc Cosmet. Chem. 25:33 (1974).
42. C. G. Naylor, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc 65:1201 (1986).
43. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Methods for Testing Polyurethane Raw Materials, D4273-83. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
44. Society of the Plastics Industry, Standard Method for Testing Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of the Polymerized Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyether Polyols, PURMAC-5.
45. F. Heatley, Y-Z. Luo, J-F. Ding, R. H. Mobbs, and C. Booth, Macromolecules 27:2713 (1988).
46. E. B. Whipple and P. J. Green, Macromolecules 6:38 (1973).
47. X-C. Chen, Bopoxue Zazhi 1:409 (1984).
48. F. Halmo, L. Malik, and T. Liptaj, Chem. Prum. 36:203 (1986).
49. D. L. Rubenstein and T. T. Nakashima, Anal. Chem. 51:1465A (1979).
50. C. Lecocq and J-Y. Lallemand, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 4:150 (1981).
51. A. G. Ferrige and J. C. Lindon, J. Magn. Reson. 31:337 (1978).
52. S. L. Patt and J. N. Shoolery, J. Magn. Reson. 46:535 (1982).
53. J. L. Carrion and M. De la Guardia, Quirn. Anal. (Barcelona) 6:76 (1987).
54. G. Rauscher, in Nonionic Surfactants: Chemical Analysis (J. Cross, Ed.), Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 19, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
55. M. P. Fuller, G. L. Ritter, and C. S. Draper, App. Spectrosc. 88:228 (1988).
56. M. P. Fuller and M. E. Meyers, Mikrochem. Acta 7:31 (1988).
57. N. A. Puttman, S. Lee, and B. H. Baxter, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem. 76:607 (1965).
58. P. A. Turley and A. Pietroantonio, J. Cell. Plast. 20:274 (1984).
59. C. V. London and K. S. Krishnan, Nature 727:501 (1928).
60. P. R. Carey, Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies, Academic Press, Boston, 1982.
61. R. J. H. Clark and R. E. Hester, Advances in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Hayden and Son, London, 1980.
62. D. A. Long, Chem. Brit. 25:589 (1989).
63. W. H. Washburn, Amer. Lab. Nov.:48 (1978).
64. S. M. Mason, N. Conroy, N. M. Dixon, and K. P. J. Williams, Spectrochim. Acta 49A:633 (1993).
65. T. Hirschfeld and B. Chase, Appl. Spectrosc. 40:133 (1986).
66. P. Hendra, C. Jones, and G. Warnes, Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1991.
67. J. L. Koenig, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 4:233 (1971).
68. J. J. Gagel and K. Biemann, Anal. Chem. 59:1266 (1987).
69. R. P. Markovich, L. G. Hazlitt, and L. Smith-Courtney, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
70. L. M. Wheeler and J. N. Willis, Appl. Spectrosc. 47:1128 (1993).
71. A. H. Dekmezian and T. Morioka, Anal. Chem. 67:458 (1989).
72. G. Weiss, Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm. 70:355 (1968).
73. N. V. Chukanov, I. V. Kumpanenko, K. S. Kazanskii, and S. G. Entelis, Polym. Sci. USSR 18:3105 (1976).
74. R. Janik and J. Plucinski, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 26:29 (1981).
75. E. A. Burns and R. F. Muraca, Anal. Chem. 31:397 (1959).
76. C. L. Hilton, Anal. Chem. 31:1610 (1959).
77. C. S. Y. Kim, A. L. Dodge, S. Lau, and A. Kawasaki, Anal. Chem. 54: 232 (1982).
78. R. E. Schirmer and A. G. Gargus, Am. Lab. Nov.:37 (1988).
79. H. T. Kalinoski, in Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation (J. Cross and E. J. Singer, Eds.), Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 53, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994.
80. A. K. Lee and R. D. Sedgwick, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 16:685 (1978).
81. A. Zeman, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 31:1 (1973).
82. S. A. Liebman and E. J. Levy, Eds., Pyrolysis and GC in Polymer Analysis: Chromatographic Science Series, Vol. 29, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985.
83. J. C. Tou, D. Zakett, and V. J. Caldecourt, in Tandem Mass Spectrometry (F. W. McLafferty, Ed.), J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983.
84. R. P. Lattimer, H. Münster, and H. Budzikiewicz, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 90:119 (1989).
85. H. T. Kalinoski and L. O. Hargiss, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3:150 (1992).
86. R. P. Lattimer, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3:225 (1992).
87. R. P. Lattimer, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3:1072 (1994).
88. T. S. Selby, C. Wesdemiotis, and R. P. Lattimer, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 5:1081 (1994).
89. M. Yamashita and J. B. Fenn, J. Phys. Chem. 55:4451 (1984).
90. R. D. Smith, J. A. Olivares, N. T. Nguyen, and H. R. Udseth, Anal. Chem. 60:436 (1988).
91. M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp, Anal. Chem. 60:2299 (1988).
92. J. B. Fenn, M. Mann, C. K. Meng, S. F. Wong, and C. M. Whitehouse, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 9:37 (1990).
93. E. C. Huang, T. Wachs, J. J. Conboy, and J. D. Henion, Anal. Chem. 62:713A (1990).
94. M. Karas, U. Bahr, and U. Giessmann, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 70:335 (1991).
95. M. Karas and U. Bahr, Trends Anal. Chem. 9:321 (1990).
96. F. Hillenkamp, M. Karas, R. C. Beavis, and B. T. Chait, Anal. Chem. 65:1193 (1991).
97. C. N. McEwen, B. S. Larsen, and W. J. Simonsick, Jr., Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, 1994, p. 317.
98. L. Prokai and W. J. Simonsick, Jr., Rapid Commun. in Mass Spectrom. 7:853 (1993).
99. W. J. Simonsick, Jr. and L. Prokai, Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, 1994, p. 318.
100. F. W. McLafferty, Acc. Chem. Res. 27:379 (1994).
101. P. B. O’Conner, J. P. Speir, M. W. Senko, D. P. Little, and F. W. McLafferty, J. Mass Spectrom. 50:88-93 (1995).
102. W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26:1150 (1955).
103. R. J. Cotter, Anal. Chem. 64:1027A (1992).
104. J. Claereboudt, M. Claeys, H. Geise, R. Gijbels, and A. Vertes, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 4:798 (1993).
105. U. Bahr, M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, and U. Giessmann, Anal. Chem. 64:2866 (1992).
106. M. Karas, A. Deppe, F. Hillenkamp, and U. Giessmann, Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 291.
107. J. A. Castro, C. Koester, and C. Wilkins, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 6:239 (1992).
108. L-S. Sheng, S. Shew, J. Covey, B. Winger, and J. Campana, Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, 1994, p. 320.
109. G. B. Kenion, R. A. Ludicky, J. C. Via, and D. E. Doster, Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, 1994, p. 319.
110. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 2270, Geneva, Switzerland (1989).
111. S. Siggia, A. C. Starke, Jr., J. Garis, Jr., and C. R. Stahl, Anal. Chem. 30:115 (1958).
112. T. Provder, Ed., Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF, ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
113. Y. Deng, C. Price, and C. Booth, Eur. Polym. J. 50:103 (1994).
114. H. Benoit, P. Rempp, and Z. Grubisic, J. Polym. Sci., Phys. Ed. 5:753 (1967).
115. W. Bahary and M. Jilani, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 48:1531 (1993).
116. W. W. Yau, J. Kirkland, and D. D. Bly, Modem Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979.
117. J. V. Dawkins, N. P. Gabbott, A. Montenegro, L. Loyd, and F. Warner, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 45:103 (1990).
118. R. A. Sanayei, K. F. O’Driscoll, and A. Rudin, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
119. F. Gores and P. Kilz, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
120. T. H. Mourey and S. T. Balke, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
121. B. G. Belenkii and E. S. Gankina, J. Chromatogr. 747:13 (1977).
122. P. P. Nefedov and T. P. Zhmakina, Vysokomol. soedin., A23:276 (1981).
123. D. Hunkeler, T. Macko, and D. Berek, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
124. T. M. Zimina, E. E. Kever, E. Y. Melenevskaya, V. N. Egonnik, and B. G. Belenkii, Vysokomol. soedin. A33:1349 (1991).
125. A. V. Gorshkov, V. V. Evreinov, and S. G. Entelis, Zh.fiz. khim. 62:490 (1988).
126. N. N. Filatova and A. V. Gorshkov, Vysokomol. soedin. A30:953 (1980).
127. M. N. Myers, P. Chen, and J. C. Giddings, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
128. M. E. Schimpf, L. M. Wheeler, and P. F. Romeo, in Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (T. Provder, Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 521, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993.
129. P. Voogt, Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm. 65:964 (1963).
130. A. Mathias and N. Mellor, Anal. Chem. 38:472 (1966).
131. J. B. Stead and A. H. Hindley, J. Chromatogr. 42:470 (1969).
132. P. W. Morgan, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 18:500 (1946).
133. F. W. Cheng, Microchem. J. 9:270 (1965).
134. K. Obruba, E. Kucerova, and M. Juracek, Mikrochim. Ichnoanal. Acta, 44 (1964).
135. K. L. Hodges, W. E. Kester, D. L. Wiederrich, and J. A. Grover, Anal. Chem. 57:2172 (1979).
136. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants, D2959-76. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
137. J. Szymanowski, P. Kusz, and E. Dziwinski, J. Chromatogr. 455:131 (1988).
138. P. Waszeciak and H. G. Nadeau, Anal. Chem. 36:764 (1964).
139. P. Kusz, J. Szymanowski, K. Pyzalski, and E. Dziwinski, LC-GC 8:48 (1990).
140. K. Tsuji and K. Konishi, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 52:106 (1975).
141. K. Tsuji and K. Konishi, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 51:55 (1974).
142. K. Tsuji and K. Konishi, Analyst 96:457 (1971).
143. I. Zeman, L. Novak, L. Mitter, J. Stekla, and O. Holendova, J. Chromatogr. 779:581 (1976).
144. S. T. Hirozawa, in Treatise on Analytical Chemisty, Part II (I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving, Eds.), J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1971.
145. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Total Bromine Number of Unsaturated Aliphatic Chemicals, E234-78. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
146. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Vinyl Unsaturation in Organic Compounds with Mercuric Acetate, E441-74. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
147. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Iodine Value of Drying Oils and Fatty Acids, D1959-85. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
148. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks of Chemicals to Humans, Suppl. 7: 201 (1987).
149. National Cancer Institute, Carcinogenicity Technical Report No. NCI-C G-TR-80, Bethesda, MD (1978).
150. L. Fishbein, in Potential Industrial Carcinogens and Mutagens, Studies in Environmental Science, Vol. 4., Elsevier, New York 1979.
151. I. Lundberg, J. Hogberg, T. Kronevi, and B. Holmberg, Cancer Lett. 36:29 (1987).
152. G. D. Clayton and F. E. Clayton, Eds., Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 2C, J. Wiley and Sons, New York 1982.
153. A. Fairly, E. C. Clinton, A. H. Ford-Moore, J. Hyg. (London) 34:486 (1934).
154. United States Pharmacopeia, 22nd Revision/National Formulary, 17th Ed., U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, MD, 1989.
155. T. J. Birkel, C. R. Warner, and T. Fazio, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 62:931 (1979).
156. S. C. Rastogi, Chromatographia 29:441 (1990).
157. J. Rümenapp and J. Hild, Lebensmittelchem. Gerichte. Chem. 41:59 (1987).
158. J. R. Dahlgran and C. R. Shingleton, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70:796 (1987).
159. S. Scalia, M. Guarneri, and E. Menegatti, Analyst 115:929 (1990).
160. D. B. Black, R. C. Lawrence, E. G. Lovering, and J. R. Watson, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 66:180 (1983).
161. J. R. Dahlgran and M. N. Jameson, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 71:560 (1988).
162. R. D. Mair and R. T. Hall, in Treatise on Analytical Chemisty, Part II (I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving, Eds.), J. Wiley and Sons, New York, (1971).
163. R. M. Johnson and I. W. Siddiqi, Determination of Organic Peroxides, Pergamon Press, New York, 1970.
164. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Methods for Assay of Organic Peroxides E298-84. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
165. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Trace Amounts of Peroxides in Organic Solvents, E299-84. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
166. E. Azaz, M. Donbrow, and R. Hamburger, Analyst 98:663 (1973).
167. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydraz-ine, E411-70. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
168. G. R. Lappin and L. C. Clark, Anal. Chem. 23:541 (1951).
169. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbonyls in C4 Hydrocarbons, D4423-84. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
170. T. L. Chester, J. D. Pinkston, and D. E. Raynie, Anal. Chem. 66:106R (1994).
171. S. A. Westwood, Ed., Supercritical Fluid Extraction and its Use in Chromatographic Sample Preparation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
172. J. H. Braybrook and G. A. MacKay, Polym. Int. 27:157 (1992).
173. B. E. Richter, D. E. Knowles, J. L. Ezzell, and N. L. Porter, Natl. Meet. Am. Chem. Soc, Div. Environ. Chem. 55:347 (1993).
174. F. Hoefler, Labor Praxis 16:506 (1992).
175. J. M. Levy, A. C. Rosselli, E. Storozynsky, R. Ravey, L. A. Dolata, and M. Ashraf-Khorassani, LC-GC 10:386 (1992).
176. S. B. Hawthorne, in Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography (B. Wenclawiak, Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
177. M. T. G. Hierro and G. Santa-Maria, Food Chem. 45:189 (1992).
178. M. H. Liu, S. Kapila, K. S. Nam, and A. A. Elseewi, J. Chromatogr. 639:151 (1993).
179. J. M. Levy and M. Ashraf-Khorassani, J. Chromatogr. Libr. 53:197 (1992).
180. G. A. MacKay and R. M. Smith, Anal. Proc. 29: 463 (1992).
181. L. Baner, T. Buecherl, J. Ewender, and R. Franz, J. Supercrit. Fluids 5:213 (1992).
182. H. Daimon and Y. Hirata, Chromatographia 32:549 (1991).
183. M. Ashraf-Khorassani, D. S. Boyer, and J. M. Levy, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 29:517 (1991).
184. T. P. Hunt, C. J. Dowle, and G. Greenway, Analyst (Lond.) 116:1299 (1991).
185. T. P. Hunt, C. J. Dowle, and G. Greenway, Analyst (Cambridge, UK) 118:17 (1993).
186. H. T. Kalinoski and A. Jensen, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 66:1171 (1989).
187. B. Weibull, Vortaege Originalfassung Intern. Kongr. Grenzflaechenaktive Stoffe, 3, Cologne, 1960, p. 121.
188. K. Buerger, Fresenius’ Z. Anal. Chem. 796:22 (1963).
189. M. Coupkova, K. Janes, J. Sanitrak, and J. Coupek, J. Chromatogr. 760:73 (1978).
190. H. Szewczyk and J. Szmanowski, Tenside Surf. Deterg. 79:357 (1982).
191. I. Zeman and M. Paulovic, in Proceedings of the 2nd World Surfactants Congress, Paris, 1988, p. 384.
192. W. Winkle, Chromatographia 29:530 (1990).
193. C. A. Eckert, M. P. Ekart, B. L. Knutson, K. P. Payne, D. L. Tomasko, C. L. Liotta, and N. R. Foster, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31:1105 (1992).
194. M. Daneshvar and E. Gulari, J. Supercrit. Fluids 5:143 (1992).