Early antiretroviral therapy initiation: access and equity of viral load testing for HIV treatment monitoring

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2017, Pages e26-e29

  Peter, Trevor ^a   Ellenberger, Dennis ^b   Kim, Andrea A ^b   Boeras, Debrah ^b   Messele, Tsehaynesh ^c   Roberts, Teri ^d   Stevens, Wendy ^e,f   Jani, Ilesh ^g   Abimiku, Alash'le ^h   Ford, Nathan ⁱ   Katz, Zachary ^a   Nkengasong, John N ^b  

^a CLINTON HEALTH ACCESS INITIATIVE   (United States)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^c African Society for Laboratory Medicine   (Ethiopia)

^d MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Switzerland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^f NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE   (South Africa)

^g INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SAÚDE   (Mozambique)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; DRIED BLOOD SPOT TESTING; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INVESTMENT; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCALE UP; VIRAL LOAD TESTING; VIRUS LOAD; BLOOD; DESICCATION; DRUG MONITORING; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV INFECTIONS; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; POINT OF CARE SYSTEM; PROCEDURES; SPECIMEN HANDLING; VIROLOGY;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BLOOD; DESICCATION; DRUG MONITORING; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH POLICY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS; SPECIMEN HANDLING; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 85006136373     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: 14744457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30212-2     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. 1 Joint UN on HIV/AIDS. 90-90-90: a transformative agenda to leave no one behind. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/unaidsspeeches/2014/20141025_SP_EXD_Vietnam_launch_of_909090_en.pdf, Oct 25, 2014 (accessed Sept 15, 2015).
2. 2 WHO. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. Recommendations for a public health approach, second edition, 2016, World Health Organization, Geneva http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/208825/1/9789241549684_eng.pdf?ua=1 (accessed Oct 4, 2016).
3. 3 TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 Study Group. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 808–822.
4. 4 The INSIGHT START Study Group. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 795–807.
5. 5 Cohen, M, Chen, Y, McCauley, M, et al. Final results of the HPTN 052 randomized controlled trial: antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV transmission. J Int AIDS Soc, 18(suppl 4), 2015, 20479.
6. 6 Boyer, S, March, L, Kouanfack, C, et al. Monitoring of HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, and clinical assessment versus clinical monitoring alone for antiretroviral therapy in low-resource settings (Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER): a cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 13 (2013), 577–586.
7. 7 Estill, J, Egger, M, Blaser, N, et al., IeDEA Southern Africa. Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care viral load monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: mathematical modelling study. AIDS 27 (2013), 1483–1492.
8. 8 Kahn, JG, Marseille, E, Moore, D, et al. CD4 cell count and viral load monitoring in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: cost effectiveness study. BMJ, 343, 2011, d6884.
9. 9 UNAIDS. Fact sheet 2016, 2016, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva http://www.un.am/up/library/Fact%20Sheet%20UNAIDS_eng.pdf (accessed Oct 4, 2016).
10. 10 Piot, P, Quinn, TC, Response to the AIDS pandemic—a global health model. N Engl J Med 368 (2013), 2210–2218.
11. 11 Gupta, RK, Jordan, MR, Sultan, BJ, et al. Global trends in antiretroviral resistance in treatment-naive individuals with HIV after rollout of antiretroviral treatment in resource-limited settings: a global collaborative study and meta-regression analysis. Lancet 380 (2012), 1250–1258.
12. 12 Ford, N, Roberts, T, Calmy, A, Viral load monitoring in resource-limited settings: a medical and public health priority. AIDS 26 (2012), 1719–1720.
13. 13 WHO. HIV diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global demand for 2014–2018. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/amds/diagnostic-forecast2014-2018/en/, July, 2015 (accessed Sept 14, 2015).
14. 14 Joint UN on HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS and partners launch initiative to improve HIV diagnostics. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2014/july/20140723dai, July 23, 2014 (accessed Sept 15, 2015).
15. 15 Haas, AD, Keiser, O, Balestre, E, et al. Monitoring and switching of first-line antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: collaborative analysis of adult treatment cohorts. Lancet HIV 2 (2015), e271–e278.
16. 16 President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. PEPFAR blueprint: creating an AIDS-free generation. http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/201386.pdf, November, 2012 (accessed Sept 12, 2015).
17. 17 Joint UN on HIV/AIDS. Treatment 2015. http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2013/JC2484_treatment-2015_en.pdf, July 13, 2013 (accessed Sept 12, 2015).
18. 18 Joint UN on HIV/AIDS. Ambitious treatment targets: writing the final chapter of the AIDS epidemic. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2670_UNAIDS_Treatment_Targets_en.pdf (accessed Sept 12, 2015).
19. 19 Churchyard, GJ, Stevens, WS, Mametja, LD, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF versus sputum microscopy as the initial diagnostic test for tuberculosis: a cluster-randomised trial embedded in South African roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF. Lancet Glob Health 3 (2015), e450–e457.
20. 20 WHO. Technical and operational considerations for implementing HIV viral load testing. Interim technical update. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/viral-load-testing-technical-update/en/, July, 2014 (accessed Sept 10, 2015).
21. 21 Roche. Roche launches global access program for HIV viral load testing. http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2014-09-26.htm, Sept 26, 2014 (accessed Jan 5, 2015).
22. 22 Amukele, TK, Sokoll, LJ, Pepper, D, Howard, DP, Street, J, Can unmanned aerial systems (drones) be used for the routine transport of chemistry, hematology, and coagulation laboratory specimens?. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0134020.
23. 23 WHO Regional Office for Africa. WHO guide for the stepwise laboratory improvement process towards accreditation in the African region (SLIPTA). http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=8642&Itemid=2593, 2015 (accessed Sept 11, 2015).
24. 24 Rottinghaus, EK, Ugbena, R, Diallo, K, et al. Dried blood spot specimens are a suitable alternative sample type for HIV-1 viral load measurement and drug resistance genotyping in patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 54 (2012), 1187–1195.
25. 25 WHO. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. Recommendations for a public health approach. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85321/1/9789241505727_eng.pdf, June, 2013 (accessed Sept 14, 2015).
26. 26 Joint UN on HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS HIV drug access initiative: providing wider access to HIV-related drugs in developing countries, pilot phase. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cohenaids/5571095.0368.003?rgn=main;view=fulltext, August, 1999 (accessed Sept 14, 2015).