Solar cycle effects on near-earth plasmas and space systems

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 1989, Pages 428-438

  Gorney, D J ^a  

^a AEROSPACE CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85002601749     PISSN: 00224650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2514/3.26088     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Schwabe, M., Astronomische Nachr, Vol. 21, 1849, p. 234.
2. Schwabe, M., Bern Mitt, 1851, p. 41.
3. Wolf, A. R., A sir. Mitt. Eidg. Stern., Vol. 10, 1858, p. 6.
4. Galilei, G., “Letters on Sunspots, 1612,” Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo, Doubleday, 1957, pp. 106-119.
5. Maggs, W. W., “Biggest Solar Maximum Coming?,” EOS, Vol. 69, July 1988, p. 697.
6. Hirman, J. W., Heckman, G. R., Greer, M. S., and Smith, J. B., “Solar and Geomagnetic Activity During Cycle 21 and Implications for Cycle 22,” EOS, Vol. 69, Oct 1988, pp. 962-972.
7. Kane, R. P., “Prediction of the Maximum Annual Mean Sunspot Number in the Coming Solar Maximum Epoch,” Solar Physics, Vol. 108, Feb. 1987, p. 415.
8. Lantos, P. and Simon, P., “Prediction of the Next Solar Activity Cycle,” Proceedings of the 8th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research European Space Agency, ESA SP-270, 1987, pp. 451-453.
9. Schatten, K. H. and Sofia, S., “Forecast of an Exceptionally Large Even-Numbered Solar Cycle,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 14, June 1987, pp. 632-635.
10. Thompson, R. J., “The Rise of Solar Cycle 22,” IPS Radio and Space Service, IPS TR-88-01, 1988.
11. Akasofu, S.-I., “Energy Coupling Between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere,” Space Science Reviews, Vol. 28, Feb. 1981, pp. 121-190.
12. Crooker, N. U. and Siscoe, G. L., “The Effect of the Solar Wind on the Terrestrial Environment,” Physics of the Sun, Vol. 3, Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1986, pp. 193-249.
13. Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., and Basu, S., “Ionospheric Constraints on VHF/UHF Communications Links During Solar Maximum and Minimum Periods,” Radio Science, Vol. 23, May-June 1988, pp. 363-378.
14. Jasperse, J. R., “Sources and Characteristics of the Terrestrial Ionosphere,” Physics of Space Plasmas, SPI Conference Proceedings and Reprint Series, Vol. 4, Scientific Publishers, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1981, pp. 37-52.
15. Mendillo, M., Klobuchar, J. A., Fritz, R. B., da Rosa, A. V., Kersley, L., Yeh, K. C., Flaherty, B. J., Rangaswamy, S., Schmid, P. E., Evans, J. V., Schodel, P., Matoukas, D. A., Koster, J. R., Webster, A. R., and Chin, P., “Behavior of the Ionospheric FRegion During the Great Solar Flare of August 7, 1972,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Feb 1974, pp. 665-672.
16. Baker, D. N., Blake, J. B., Gorney, D. J., Higbie, P. R., Klebesadel, R. W., and King, J. H., “Highly Relativistic Magnetospheric Electrons: A Role in Coupling to the Middle Atmosphere?,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 14, Oct 1987, pp. 1027-1030.
17. Rosenbauer, H., Grunwaldt, H., Montgomery, M. D., Paschmann, G., and Sckopke, N., “Heos 2 Plasma Observations in the Distant Polar Magnetosphere: The Plasma Mantle,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, July 1975, pp. 2723-2737.
18. Hill, T. W., Magnetospheric Boundary Layers, European Space Agency, Paris, ESA-SP-148, 1979, p. 325.
19. DeForest, S. E., “Spacecraft Charging at Synchronous Orbits,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 77, Jan 1972, pp. 561-569.
20. Mizera, P. F. and Boyd, G., “A Summary of Spacecraft Charging Results,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 20, Sept.-Oct. 1983, pp. 438-443.
21. Vampola, A. L., “Thick Dielectric Charging on High-Altitude Spacecraft,” Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 20, Jan 1987, pp. 21-30.
22. Wenaas, E. P., “Spacecraft Charging Effects by the High- Energy Natural Environment,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-24, 1977, pp. 2281-2284.
23. Beers, B. L., “Radiation-Induced Signals in Cables,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-24, 1977, pp. 2429-2434.
24. Hundhausen, A. J., Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1972, p. 135.
25. Hundhausen, A. J., Coronal Holes and High Speed Streams, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, CO, 1977, p. 225.
26. Broussard, R. M., Sheeley, N. R., Jr., Tousey, R., and Underwood, J. H., “A Survey of Coronal Holes and Their Solar Wind Associations Throughout Sunspot Cycle 21,” Solar Physics, Vol. 56, Jan 1978, pp. 161-183.
27. Schulz, M., “Interplanetary Sector Structure and the Heliomagnetic Equator,” Astrophysical Space Science, Vol. 24, Oct 1973, pp. 371-384.
28. Gonzalez, W. D. and Tsurutani, B. T., “Criteria of Interplanetary Parameters Causing Intense Magnetic Storms,” Planetary Space Science, Vol. 35, Sept 1987, pp. 1101-1109.
29. Gosling, J. T., Ashbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., and Feldman, W. C., “Solar Wind Speed Variations: 1962-1974,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 81, Oct 1976, pp. 5061-5070.
30. Crooker, N. U., Feynman, J., and Gosling, J., “On the High Correlation Between Long-Term Averages of Solar Wind Speed and Geomagnetic Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, May 1977, pp. 1933-1937.
31. Russell, C. T., “On the Possibility of Deducing Interplanetary and Solar Parameters from Geomagnetic Records,” Solar Physics, Vol. 42, Jan 1975, pp. 259-268.
32. Feynman, J., and Silverman, S. M., “Auroral Changes During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and Their Implications for the Solar Wind and the Long-Term Variation of Sunspot Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, June 1980, pp. 2991-2997.
33. Schroder, W., “Aurorae During the Maunder Minimum,” Meteorological and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 38, Jan 1988, pp. 246-251.
34. Silverman, S. M., “The Visual Aurora as a Predictor of Solar Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 88, Oct 1983, pp. 8123-8128.
35. Baker, D. N., Bargatze, L. F., and Zwickl, R. D., “Magnetospheric Response to the IMF: Substorms,” Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, Vol. 38, Oct 1986, pp. 1047-1073.
36. Baker, D. N., Zwickl, R. D., Bame, S. J., Hones, E. W., Jr., Tsurutani, B. T., Smith, E. J., and Akasofu, S. -I., “An ISEE 3 High Time-Resolution Study of Interplanetary Parameter Correlations With Magnetospheric Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 88, Aug 1983, pp. 6230-6242.
37. Snyder, C. W., Neugebauer, M., and Rao, U. R., “The Solar Wind Velocity and Its Correlation with Cosmic-Ray Variations and Geomagnetic Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 68, Dec 1963, pp. 6361-6370.
38. Olbert, S., Physics of the Magnetosphere, Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1960, p. 641.
39. Garrett, H. B., Hassler, A. J., and Hill, T. W., “Influence of Solar Variability on Geomagnetic Activity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Nov 1974, pp. 4603-4610.
40. Murayama, T. and Hakamada, K., “Effects of Solar Wind Parameters on the Development of Magnetospheric Substorms,” Planetary Space Science, Vol. 23, Jan 1975, pp. 75-91.
41. Maezawa, K., Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1979, p. 436.
42. Murayama, T., Magnetospheric Study 1979, Japanese Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Sciences Committee, Tokyo, 1979, p. 296.
43. Feynman, J. and Crooker, N. U., “The Solar Wind at the Turn of the Century,” Nature, Vol. 275, Oct 1978, pp. 626-627.
44. Burton, R. K., McPherron, R. L., and Russell, C. T., “An Empirical Relationship Between Interplanetary Conditions and At,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, Oct 1975, pp. 4204-4214.
45. Hirshberg, J., “The Solar Wind Cycle, the Sunspot Cycle, and the Corona,” Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Vol. 20, Aug 1973, p. 473.
46. Mayaud, P. N., “Analysis of Storm Sudden Commencements for the Years 1868-1967,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, Jan 1975, pp. 111-122.
47. Feynmann, J., “Geomagnetic and Solar Wind Cycles: 1900-1975,” Journal Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Aug 1982, pp. 6153-6162.
48. Gosling, J. T., Ashbridge, J. R., and Bame, S. J., “An Unusual Aspect of Solar Wind Speed Variations During Solar Cycle 20,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, Aug 1977, pp. 3311-3314.
49. Newton, H. W., “Sudden Commencements in the Greenwich Magnetic Records (1879-1944) and Related Sunspot Data,” Monthly Notice Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 5, 1948, pp. 159-185.
50. Ohl, A. I., “Physics of the 11-year Variation of Magnetic Disturbances,” Geomagnetic Aeronomy, Vol. 11, Nov 1971, p. 549.
51. Neupert, W. M. and Pizzo, V., “Solar Coronal Holes as Sources of Recurrent Geomagnetic Disturbances,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Sept 1974, pp. 3701-3709.
52. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. and Harvey, J. W., “Coronal Holes, Solar Wind Streams, and Geomagnetic Disturbances during 1977 and 1978,” Solar Physics, Vol. 70, Feb 1981, pp. 237-247.
53. Feynman, J., “Implications of Solar Cycle 19 and 20 Geomagnetic Activity for Magnetospheric Processes” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 7, Nov 1980, pp. 971-973.0
54. Gleissberg, T., “The Eighty-Year Solar Cycle in Auroral Frequency Numbers,” Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol. 75, Jan 1965, p. 227.
55. Akasofu, S.-I., “A Note on Variations of the IMF Bz and the AE Index Between 1966 and 1984 in Terms of Monthly and Yearly Averages,” Journal of Geophysical Research (to be published).
56. King, J. H., “Solar Cycle Variations in IMF Intensity,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, Oct 1979, pp. 5938-5940.
57. Yau, A. W., Beckwith, P. H., Petersen, W. K., and Shelley, E. G., “Long-Term (Solar Cycle) and Seasonal Variations of Upflow- ing Ionospheric Ion Events at DE 1 Altitudes,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 90, July 1985, pp. 6395-6407.
58. Collin, H. L., Petersen, W. K., and Shelley, E. G., “Solar Cycle Variation of Some Mass-Dependent Characteristics of Upflowing Beams of Terrestrial Ions,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, June 1987, pp. 4757-4762.
59. Davies, K., “Ionospheric Radio Propagation,” National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, Monograph 80, 1965.
60. Tascione, T. F., Kroehl, H. W., Creiger, R., Freeman, J. W., Jr., Wolf, R. A., Spiro, R. W., Hilmer, R. V., Shade, J. W., and Hausman, B. A., “New Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Specification Models,” Radio Science, Vol. 23, May-June 1988, pp. 211-222.
61. Lloyd, J. L., Haydon, G. W., Lucas, D. L., and Teters, L. R., “Estimating the Performance of Telecommunications Systems Using the Ionospheric Channel,” Techniques for Analyzing Ionospheric Effects on HF Systems, Vol. 1, Institute for Telecommunication Services, Boulder, CO, 1978, pp. 120-125.
62. Elkins, T. J. and Rush, C. M., “A Statistical Predictive Model of the Polar Ionosphere,” Air Force Cambridge Research Lab., Bedford, MA, Rept. AFCRL TR-0331, 1973.
63. Wakai, N., “Quiet and Disturbed Structure and Variations of the Nighttime E Region,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72, Sept. 1967, pp. 4507-4517.
64. Gassman, G. J., “Analog Model 1972 of the Arctic Ionosphere,” Air Force Cambridge Research Lab., Bedford, MA, Rept. AFCRL TR-0305, 1973.
65. Vondrak, R. R., Smith, G., Hatfield, V. E., Tsunode, R. T., Frank, V. R., and Perreault, P. D., “Chatanika Model of the High- Latitude Ionosphere for Application to HF Propagation Prediction,” SRI Inc., Menlo Park, CA, Rept. 6056, RADC-TR-78-7, 1978.
66. Wagner, R. A., “Modeling the Auroral E Layer,” Air Force Cambridge Research Lab., Bedford, MA, Rept. AFCRL TR-0305, 1972.
67. Mayaud, P. N., “Derivation, Meaning, and Uses of Geomagnetic Indices,” Geophysical Monograph 22, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1980.