메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2016, Pages

Leveraging ongoing research to evaluate the health impacts of South Africa's salt reduction strategy: A prospective nested cohort within the WHO-SAGE multicountry, longitudinal study

Author keywords

Salt reduction; Sub Saharan Africa

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBENZOIC ACID; BIOMATERIAL; CREATININE; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; IODINE; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; THYMOL;

EID: 85001889671     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013316     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 85049491557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
    • Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;386:2287-323.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.386 , pp. 2287-2323
    • Forouzanfar, M.H.1    Alexander, L.2    Anderson, H.R.3
  • 2
    • 84907320446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries
    • Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, et al. Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. N Engl J Med 2014;371:818-27.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , pp. 818-827
    • Yusuf, S.1    Rangarajan, S.2    Teo, K.3
  • 3
    • 84896876554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension among older adults in low-and middle-income countries: Prevalence, awareness and control
    • Lloyd-Sherlock P, Beard J, Minicuci N, et al. Hypertension among older adults in low-and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control. Int J Epidemiol 2014;43:116-28.
    • (2014) Int J Epidemiol , vol.43 , pp. 116-128
    • Lloyd-Sherlock, P.1    Beard, J.2    Minicuci, N.3
  • 4
    • 84925581520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension in South Africa: Challenges for the post-2015 global development agenda
    • Day C, Groenewald P, Laubscher R, et al. Monitoring of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension in South Africa: challenges for the post-2015 global development agenda. S Afr Med J 2014;104:680-7.
    • (2014) S Afr Med J , vol.104 , pp. 680-687
    • Day, C.1    Groenewald, P.2    Laubscher, R.3
  • 5
    • 79955584240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt reduction initiatives around the world
    • Webster JL, Dunford EK, Hawkes C, et al. Salt reduction initiatives around the world. J Hypertens 2011;29:1043-50.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 1043-1050
    • Webster, J.L.1    Dunford, E.K.2    Hawkes, C.3
  • 6
    • 84941787452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt reduction initiatives around the world: A systematic review of progress towards the global target
    • Trieu K, Neal B, Hawkes C, et al. Salt reduction initiatives around the world: a systematic review of progress towards the global target. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0130247.
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10
    • Trieu, K.1    Neal, B.2    Hawkes, C.3
  • 7
    • 12344315842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and blood pressure in South Africa: Intake of foods containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in three ethnic groups
    • Charlton KE, Steyn K, Levitt NS, et al. Diet and blood pressure in South Africa: intake of foods containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in three ethnic groups. Nutrition 2005;21:39-50.
    • (2005) Nutrition , vol.21 , pp. 39-50
    • Charlton, K.E.1    Steyn, K.2    Levitt, N.S.3
  • 8
    • 84907215673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To legislate or not to legislate? A comparison of the UK and South African approaches to the development and implementation of salt reduction programs
    • Charlton K, Webster J, Kowal P. To legislate or not to legislate? A comparison of the UK and South African approaches to the development and implementation of salt reduction programs. Nutrients 2014;6:3672-95.
    • (2014) Nutrients , vol.6 , pp. 3672-3695
    • Charlton, K.1    Webster, J.2    Kowal, P.3
  • 9
    • 23944508565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in intake and excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in South Africans
    • Charlton KE, Steyn K, Levitt NS, et al. Ethnic differences in intake and excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in South Africans. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:355-62.
    • (2005) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.12 , pp. 355-362
    • Charlton, K.E.1    Steyn, K.2    Levitt, N.S.3
  • 10
    • 56049125483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A food-based dietary strategy lowers blood pressure in a low socio-economic setting: A randomised study in South Africa
    • Charlton KE, Steyn K, Levitt NS, et al. A food-based dietary strategy lowers blood pressure in a low socio-economic setting: a randomised study in South Africa. Public Health Nutrition 2008;11:1397-406.
    • (2008) Public Health Nutrition , vol.11 , pp. 1397-1406
    • Charlton, K.E.1    Steyn, K.2    Levitt, N.S.3
  • 11
    • 85002296390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulations relating to the reduction of sodium in certain foodstuffs and related matters
    • Foodstuffs, cosmetics and disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act 54 of 1972). (accessed March 2016)
    • Foodstuffs, cosmetics and disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act 54 of 1972). Regulations relating to the reduction of sodium in certain foodstuffs and related matters. South African Department of Health, 2013. http://www.heartfoundation.co.za/sites/default/files/articles/South% 20Africa%20salt%20legislation.pdf (accessed March 2016).
    • (2013) South African Department of Health
  • 12
    • 84867450554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the sodium content of high-salt foods: Effect on cardiovascular disease in South Africa
    • Bertram Y, Steyn K, Wentze-Viljoen E, et al. Reducing the sodium content of high-salt foods: Effect on cardiovascular disease in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2012;102:743-5.
    • (2012) S Afr Med J , vol.102 , pp. 743-745
    • Bertram, Y.1    Steyn, K.2    Wentze-Viljoen, E.3
  • 13
    • 84966335431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease and impoverishment averted due to a salt reduction policy in South Africa: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis
    • Watkins DA, Olson ZD, Verguet S, et al. Cardiovascular disease and impoverishment averted due to a salt reduction policy in South Africa: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Policy Plan 2016;31:75-82.
    • (2016) Health Policy Plan , vol.31 , pp. 75-82
    • Watkins, D.A.1    Olson, Z.D.2    Verguet, S.3
  • 14
    • 78650002236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of salt: Will iodine intake remain adequate in the Netherlands?
    • Verkaik-Kloosterman J, van 't Veer P, Ocké MC. Reduction of salt: will iodine intake remain adequate in the Netherlands? Br J Nutr 2010;104:1712-18.
    • (2010) Br J Nutr , vol.104 , pp. 1712-1718
    • Verkaik-Kloosterman, J.1    Van 'T Veer, P.2    Ocké, M.C.3
  • 15
    • 79960957502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium and potassium intake and mortality among us adults: Prospective data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey
    • Yang Q, Liu T, Kuklina EV, et al. Sodium and potassium intake and mortality among us adults: prospective data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1183-91.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Med , vol.171 , pp. 1183-1191
    • Yang, Q.1    Liu, T.2    Kuklina, E.V.3
  • 16
    • 84962281574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facts, issues and controversies in salt reduction for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
    • Cappuccio F, Capewell S. Facts, issues and controversies in salt reduction for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Funct Food Rev 2015;7:41-61.
    • (2015) Funct Food Rev , vol.7 , pp. 41-61
    • Cappuccio, F.1    Capewell, S.2
  • 17
    • 84900005700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt reduction in the United Kingdom: A successful experiment in public health
    • He FJ, Brinsden HC, MacGregor GA. Salt reduction in the United Kingdom: a successful experiment in public health. J Hum Hypertens 2014;28:345-52.
    • (2014) J Hum Hypertens , vol.28 , pp. 345-352
    • He, F.J.1    Brinsden, H.C.2    MacGregor, G.A.3
  • 18
    • 84925504232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target salt 2025: A global overview of national programs to encourage the food industry to reduce salt in foods
    • Webster J, Trieu K, Dunford E, et al. Target salt 2025: a global overview of national programs to encourage the food industry to reduce salt in foods. Nutrients 2014;6:3274-87.
    • (2014) Nutrients , vol.6 , pp. 3274-3287
    • Webster, J.1    Trieu, K.2    Dunford, E.3
  • 20
    • 84948784068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional trade and the nutrition transition: Opportunities to strengthen NCD prevention policy in the Southern African development community
    • Thow AM, Sanders D, Drury E, et al. Regional trade and the nutrition transition: opportunities to strengthen NCD prevention policy in the Southern African development community. Global Health Action 2015;8:28338.
    • (2015) Global Health Action , vol.8 , pp. 28338
    • Thow, A.M.1    Sanders, D.2    Drury, E.3
  • 21
    • 78649732870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of South African supermarkets on agricultural development in the SADC: A case study in Zambia, Namibia and Botswana
    • Emongor R, Kirsten J. The impact of South African supermarkets on agricultural development in the SADC: a case study in Zambia, Namibia and Botswana. Agrekon 2009;48:60-84.
    • (2009) Agrekon , vol.48 , pp. 60-84
    • Emongor, R.1    Kirsten, J.2
  • 22
    • 85002260054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed Sep 2016). Department of research and information. Sandton, South Africa
    • Trade report: export opportunities for South Africa in selected African countries. Department of research and information. Sandton, South Africa: 2014. http://www.idc.co.za/images/2014/pdfs/IDC%20R&I% 20publication%20-%20Export%20opportunities%20for%20SA%20in %20select%20African%20countries.pdf (accessed Sep 2016).
    • (2014) Trade Report: Export Opportunities for South Africa in Selected African Countries
  • 23
    • 77954488191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review
    • Bosu WK. Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2010;10:418.
    • (2010) BMC Public Health , vol.10 , pp. 418
    • Bosu, W.K.1
  • 25
    • 84880350618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghana's salt industry: A neglected sector for economic development?
    • Mensah JT, Botchway E. Ghana's salt industry: a neglected sector for economic development? Resour Policy 2013;38:288-94.
    • (2013) Resour Policy , vol.38 , pp. 288-294
    • Mensah, J.T.1    Botchway, E.2
  • 26
    • 84880364121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic potential of salt mining in Ghana towards the oil find
    • Affam M, Asamoah D. Economic potential of salt mining in Ghana towards the oil find. Res J Environ Earth Sci 2011;3:448-56.
    • (2011) Res J Environ Earth Sci , vol.3 , pp. 448-456
    • Affam, M.1    Asamoah, D.2
  • 27
    • 84953861417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-regression
    • Oyebode O, Oti S, Chen YF, et al. Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression. Popul Health Metr 2016;14:1-14.
    • (2016) Popul Health Metr , vol.14 , pp. 1-14
    • Oyebode, O.1    Oti, S.2    Chen, Y.F.3
  • 28
    • 33644607761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A community programme to reduce salt intake and blood pressure in Ghana [ISRCTN88789643]
    • Cappuccio FP, Kerry SM, Micah FB, et al. A community programme to reduce salt intake and blood pressure in Ghana [ISRCTN88789643]. BMC Public Health 2006;6:1.
    • (2006) BMC Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 1
    • Cappuccio, F.P.1    Kerry, S.M.2    Micah, F.B.3
  • 29
    • 84872130111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data resource profile: The World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
    • Kowal P, Chatterji S, Naidoo N, et al. Data resource profile: the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). Int J Epidemiol 2012;41:1639-49.
    • (2012) Int J Epidemiol , vol.41 , pp. 1639-1649
    • Kowal, P.1    Chatterji, S.2    Naidoo, N.3
  • 31
    • 84867630183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva: World Health Organization, (accessed Mar 2016)
    • WHO/PAHO Regional Expert Group for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention through Population-wide Dietary Salt Reduction. Protocol for population level sodium determination in 24-hour urine samples. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010. http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com-docman&task=doc-view&gid=21488&Itemid (accessed Mar 2016).
    • (2010) Protocol for Population Level Sodium Determination in 24-hour Urine Samples
  • 32
    • 0023184013 scopus 로고
    • The preservation of urine samples for determination of renal stone risk factors
    • Nicar MJ, Hsu MC, Johnson T, et al. The preservation of urine samples for determination of renal stone risk factors. Lab Med 1987;18:382-4.
    • (1987) Lab Med , vol.18 , pp. 382-384
    • Nicar, M.J.1    Hsu, M.C.2    Johnson, T.3
  • 33
    • 79955563776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Kuznetsova T, Thijs L, et al. Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion. JAMA 2011;305:1777-85.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , pp. 1777-1785
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek, K.1    Kuznetsova, T.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 34
    • 0020527612 scopus 로고
    • The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24 h urine collections in man
    • Bingham S, Cummings JH. The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24 h urine collections in man. Clin Sci 1983;64:629-35.
    • (1983) Clin Sci , vol.64 , pp. 629-635
    • Bingham, S.1    Cummings, J.H.2
  • 35
    • 0037261746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: Effects of age and dosage scheduling
    • Jakobsen J, Pedersen AN, Ovesen L. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: effects of age and dosage scheduling. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:138-42.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.57 , pp. 138-142
    • Jakobsen, J.1    Pedersen, A.N.2    Ovesen, L.3
  • 36
    • 0034116499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple microplate method for determination of urinary iodine
    • Ohashi T, Yamaki M, Pandav CS, et al. Simple microplate method for determination of urinary iodine. Clin Chem 2000;46:529-36.
    • (2000) Clin Chem , vol.46 , pp. 529-536
    • Ohashi, T.1    Yamaki, M.2    Pandav, C.S.3
  • 37
    • 27644548624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EQUIP: A worldwide program to ensure the quality of urinary iodine procedures
    • Caldwell KL, Makhmudov A, Jones RL, et al. EQUIP: a worldwide program to ensure the quality of urinary iodine procedures. Accreditation Qual Assur 2005;10:356-61.
    • (2005) Accreditation Qual Assur , vol.10 , pp. 356-361
    • Caldwell, K.L.1    Makhmudov, A.2    Jones, R.L.3
  • 38
    • 0036353982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining median urinary iodine concentration that indicates adequate iodine intake at population level
    • Delange F, de Benoist B, Burgi H. Determining median urinary iodine concentration that indicates adequate iodine intake at population level. Bull World Health Organ 2002;80:633-6.
    • (2002) Bull World Health Organ , vol.80 , pp. 633-636
    • Delange, F.1    De Benoist, B.2    Burgi, H.3
  • 40
    • 85047696263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple method to estimate populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion using a casual urine specimen
    • Tanaka T, Okamura T, Miura K, et al. A simple method to estimate populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion using a casual urine specimen. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16:97-103.
    • (2002) J Hum Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 97-103
    • Tanaka, T.1    Okamura, T.2    Miura, K.3
  • 41
    • 0027386869 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for estimating 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from second morning voiding urine specimen in adults
    • Kawasaki T, Itoh K, Uezono K, et al. A simple method for estimating 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from second morning voiding urine specimen in adults. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993;20:7-14.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.20 , pp. 7-14
    • Kawasaki, T.1    Itoh, K.2    Uezono, K.3
  • 42
    • 84878543899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from casual urinary sodium concentrations in western populations: The INTERSALT study
    • Brown IJ, Dyer AR, Chan Q, et al. Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from casual urinary sodium concentrations in western populations: the INTERSALT study. Am J Epidemiol 2013;177:1180-92.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.177 , pp. 1180-1192
    • Brown, I.J.1    Dyer, A.R.2    Chan, Q.3
  • 43
    • 0035992025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working group on blood pressure monitoring of the European society of hypertension international protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults
    • O'Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, et al. Working group on blood pressure monitoring of the European society of hypertension international protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit 2002;7:3-17.
    • (2002) Blood Press Monit , vol.7 , pp. 3-17
    • O'Brien, E.1    Pickering, T.2    Asmar, R.3
  • 44
    • 73349134603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): Nine country reliability and validity study
    • Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. J Phys Act Health 2009;6:790.
    • (2009) J Phys Act Health , vol.6 , pp. 790
    • Bull, F.C.1    Maslin, T.S.2    Armstrong, T.3
  • 45
    • 0032526912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties
    • The Whoqol Group. World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 1998;46:1569-85.
    • (1998) Soc Sci Med , vol.46 , pp. 1569-1585
  • 46
    • 84888610885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
    • World Medical Association
    • World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2013;310:2191-4.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.310 , pp. 2191-2194
  • 47
    • 84874709884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. (accessed Mar 2016) Geneva: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. WHO Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012. http://www. who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sodium-intake/en/(accessed Mar 2016).
    • (2012) WHO Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children
  • 48
    • 0042209813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary iodine deficiency in South Africa. Surveys before the introduction of universal salt iodisation
    • Kalk W, Paiker J, Van Arb M, et al. Dietary iodine deficiency in South Africa. Surveys before the introduction of universal salt iodisation. S Afr Med J 1998;88:357-8.
    • (1998) S Afr Med J , vol.88 , pp. 357-358
    • Kalk, W.1    Paiker, J.2    Van Arb, M.3
  • 49
    • 85010847091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine content of household salt, drinking water and iodine status of women and children
    • Chapter 8: South Africa Stellenbosch: Department of Health
    • Jooste PL, Labadarios D, Nel H, et al. Iodine content of household salt, drinking water and iodine status of women and children. In: Labadarios D. National food consumption survey: fortification baseline, Chapter 8: South Africa 2005. Stellenbosch: Department of Health; 2007:387-407.
    • (2005) Labadarios D. National Food Consumption Survey: Fortification Baseline , pp. 387-407
    • Jooste, P.L.1    Labadarios, D.2    Nel, H.3
  • 50
    • 84875372002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lowered salt intake does not compromise iodine status in Cape Town, South Africa, where salt iodization is mandatory
    • Charlton KE, Jooste PL, Steyn K, et al. A lowered salt intake does not compromise iodine status in Cape Town, South Africa, where salt iodization is mandatory. Nutrition 2013;29:630-4.
    • (2013) Nutrition , vol.29 , pp. 630-634
    • Charlton, K.E.1    Jooste, P.L.2    Steyn, K.3
  • 51
    • 84957545268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect and safety of salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders: A systematic review with meta-analyses
    • Geneva. (accessed Mar 2016)
    • Aburto N, Abudou M, Candeias V, et al. Effect and safety of salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses. WHO eLibrary of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). Geneva. 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148175/1/9789241508285-eng.pdf (accessed Mar 2016).
    • (2014) WHO ELibrary of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (ELENA)
    • Aburto, N.1    Abudou, M.2    Candeias, V.3
  • 52
    • 84928744480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt intake in South Africa: A current perspective
    • Eksteen G. Salt intake in South Africa: a current perspective. J Endocrinol Metab Diabetes S Afr 2015;20:9-12.
    • (2015) J Endocrinol Metab Diabetes S Afr , vol.20 , pp. 9-12
    • Eksteen, G.1
  • 54
    • 84975479032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium content in processed foods in Argentina: Compliance with the National Law
    • Allemandi L, Tiscornia MV, Ponce M, et al. Sodium content in processed foods in Argentina: compliance with the National Law. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015;5:197-206.
    • (2015) Cardiovasc Diagn Ther , vol.5 , pp. 197-206
    • Allemandi, L.1    Tiscornia, M.V.2    Ponce, M.3
  • 55
    • 85002508033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministerio de Salud, Presidencia de la Nación, Argentina. Ministerio de Salud, Argentina: Pan American Health Organization, (accessed Sep 2016)
    • Ministerio de Salud, Presidencia de la Nación, Argentina. Argentine initiative to reduce sodium consumption "Less Salt, More Life". Ministerio de Salud, Argentina: Pan American Health Organization, 2012. http://www2.paho.org/panamericanforum/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/less-salt-more-life-PAHO-consortium-ARG.pdf (accessed Sep 2016).
    • (2012) Argentine Initiative to Reduce Sodium Consumption "less Salt, More Life"
  • 56
    • 85001906328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt and bread: A good marriage?
    • Report produced for the European Commission Directorate General for Health and Consumers (accessed Sep 2016).
    • Wagemans K. Salt and bread: a good marriage? Position of the Belgian bread sector. Report produced for the European Commission Directorate General for Health and Consumers. 2009. http://ec.europa.eu/health/nutrition-physical-activity/docs/ev20091021-wagemans-en.pdf (accessed Sep 2016).
    • (2009) Position of the Belgian Bread Sector
    • Wagemans, K.1
  • 57
    • 39049192328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a community-based health education program for salt reduction through media campaigns
    • Yokota K, Harada M, Wakabayashi Y, et al. [Evaluation of a community-based health education program for salt reduction through media campaigns]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2006;53:543-53.
    • (2006) Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi , vol.53 , pp. 543-553
    • Yokota, K.1    Harada, M.2    Wakabayashi, Y.3
  • 58
    • 71749104303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Strazzullo P, D'Elia L, Kandala NB, et al. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 2009;339:b4567.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339 , pp. b4567
    • Strazzullo, P.1    D'Elia, L.2    Kandala, N.B.3
  • 59
    • 85001923637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract P279: Major dietary risk factors for cardiometabolic disease: Current evidence for causal effects and effect sizes from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2015 study
    • Shulkin ML, Micha R, Rao M, et al. Abstract P279: major dietary risk factors for cardiometabolic disease: current evidence for causal effects and effect sizes from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2015 study. Circulation 2016;133(Suppl 1):AP279-AP79.
    • (2016) Circulation , vol.133 , pp. AP279-AP279
    • Shulkin, M.L.1    Micha, R.2    Rao, M.3
  • 60
    • 84899542645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt reduction in England from 2003 to 2011: Its relationship to blood pressure, stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality
    • He FJ, Pombo-Rodrigues S, MacGregor GA. Salt reduction in England from 2003 to 2011: its relationship to blood pressure, stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004549.
    • (2014) BMJ Open , vol.4
    • He, F.J.1    Pombo-Rodrigues, S.2    MacGregor, G.A.3
  • 61
    • 85019864804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer acceptance of reformulated food products: A systematic review and meta-analysis of salt-reduced foods
    • accessed Sep 2016
    • Jaenke R, Barzi F, McMahon E, et al. Consumer acceptance of reformulated food products: a systematic review and meta-analysis of salt-reduced foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1118009 (accessed Sep 2016).
    • (2016) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
    • Jaenke, R.1    Barzi, F.2    McMahon, E.3
  • 62
    • 0020393098 scopus 로고
    • Long-term reduction in dietary sodium alters the taste of salt
    • Bertino M, Beauchamp GK, Engelman K. Long-term reduction in dietary sodium alters the taste of salt. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:1134-44.
    • (1982) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 1134-1144
    • Bertino, M.1    Beauchamp, G.K.2    Engelman, K.3
  • 64
    • 84880419995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fewer adults add salt at the table after initiation of a national salt campaign in the UK: A repeated cross-sectional analysis
    • Sutherland J, Edwards P, Shankar B, et al. Fewer adults add salt at the table after initiation of a national salt campaign in the UK: a repeated cross-sectional analysis. Br J Nutr 2013;110:552-8.
    • (2013) Br J Nutr , vol.110 , pp. 552-558
    • Sutherland, J.1    Edwards, P.2    Shankar, B.3
  • 65
    • 84872155112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the UK Food Standards Agency's salt campaign
    • Shankar B, Brambila-Macias J, Traill B, et al. An evaluation of the UK Food Standards Agency's salt campaign. Health Econ 2013;22:243-50.
    • (2013) Health Econ , vol.22 , pp. 243-250
    • Shankar, B.1    Brambila-Macias, J.2    Traill, B.3
  • 66
    • 84941198561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agreement between 24-hour salt ingestion and sodium excretion in a controlled environment
    • Lerchl K, Rakova N, Dahlmann A, et al. Agreement between 24-hour salt ingestion and sodium excretion in a controlled environment. Hypertension 2015;66:850-7.
    • (2015) Hypertension , vol.66 , pp. 850-857
    • Lerchl, K.1    Rakova, N.2    Dahlmann, A.3
  • 67
    • 84946106731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring sodium intake in populations: Simple is best?
    • Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Yusuf S. Measuring sodium intake in populations: Simple is best? Am J Hypertens 2015;28: 1303-5.
    • (2015) Am J Hypertens , vol.28 , pp. 1303-1305
    • Mente, A.1    O'Donnell, M.J.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 68
    • 84975479473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of using different methods to assess completeness of 24-hour urine collection on estimating dietary sodium
    • Wielgosz A, Robinson C, Mao Y, et al. The impact of using different methods to assess completeness of 24-hour urine collection on estimating dietary sodium. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016;18:581-4.
    • (2016) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.18 , pp. 581-584
    • Wielgosz, A.1    Robinson, C.2    Mao, Y.3
  • 69
    • 84930171469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium intake and cardiovascular health
    • O'Donnell M, Mente A, Yusuf S. Sodium intake and cardiovascular health. Circ Res 2015;116:1046-57.
    • (2015) Circ Res , vol.116 , pp. 1046-1057
    • O'Donnell, M.1    Mente, A.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 70
    • 84872827043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of studies comparing 24-hour and spot urine collections for estimating population salt intake
    • Ji C, Sykes L, Paul C, et al. Systematic review of studies comparing 24-hour and spot urine collections for estimating population salt intake. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2012;32:307-15.
    • (2012) Rev Panam Salud Publica , vol.32 , pp. 307-315
    • Ji, C.1    Sykes, L.2    Paul, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.