Ethnic and racial identity of internationally adopted adolescents and young adults: Some issues in relation to children's rights

Adoption Quarterly

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 33-55

  Westhues, Anne ^a   Cohen, Joyce S ^b  

^a WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85000200406     PISSN: 10926755     EISSN: 1544452X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J145v01n04_03     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Altstein, H. & R.J. Simon (eds). (1991). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. New York: Praeger.
2. Ames, E. W. (1997). The development of Romanian children adopted to Canada. Ottawa: National Welfare Grants, Human Resources Development Canada.
3. Andujo, E. (1988). Ethnic identity of transethnically adopted Hispanic adolescents. Social Work, 33 (6), 531-535.
4. Bagley, C. & Young, L. (1980). The long-term adjustment and identity of a sample of inter-country adopted children. International Social Work, 23 (3), 16-22.
5. Bagley, C. (1991). Adoption of Native children in Canada: A policy analysis and research report. In Altstein, H. & Simon, R.J. (eds). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. New York: Praeger, 55-79.
6. Beebe, B. & Stern, D.N. (1977). Engagement-disengagement and early object experiences. In M. Freedman & S. Grand (eds.). Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures. New York: Plenum Press.
7. Berry, W.J. (1984). Cultural relations in plural societies: Alternatives to segregation and their sociopsychological implications. In Miller, N. & Brewer, M. (eds.). Groups in Contact. New York: Academic, 11-27.
8. Bissoondath, N. (1994). Selling illusions: The cult of multiculturalism in Canada. Toronto: Penguin.
9. Cederblad, M. (1982). Children adopted from abroad and coming to Sweden after age three. Stockholm: The Swedish National Board for Intercountry Adoptions.
10. Chimezie, A. (1977). Bold but irrelevant: Grow and Shapiro on transracial adoptions. Child Welfare, 56 (2), 75-86.
11. Cohen, C.P. & Davidson, H.A. (1990). Children's rights in America: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child compared with United States law. Washington: American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law and Defense for Children International-USA.
12. Davidson, S. (1993). Human rights. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
13. De Hoyos, G., De Hoyos, A. & Anderson, C.B. (1986). Sociocultural dislocation: Beyond the dual perspective. Social Work, 31 (1), 61-67.
14. Driedger, L. (1989). The ethnic factor: Identity in diversity. Toronto: McGraw- Hill Ryerson.
15. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
16. Erikson, E. (1980). Identity and the life cycle. New York: W.W. Norton.
17. Fanshel, D. (1972). Far from the reservation: The transracial adoption of American Indian children. Metuchen, New York: Scarecrow Press.
18. Feigelman, W. & Silverman, A.R. (1983). Chosen children: New patterns of adoptive relationships. New York: Praeger.
19. Fisher, L., Ames, E.W., Chisolm, K., & Savoie, L. (1997). Problems reported by parents of Romanian orphans adopted to British Columbia. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 67-82.
20. Gardell, I. (1979). A Swedish study on intercountry adoptions. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for Intercountry Adoptions at the National Board of Health and Welfare.
21. Gill, O. & Jackson, B. (1983). Adoption and race: Asian and mixed race children in white families. New York: St. Martin 's Press.
22. Government of Canada. Minister of State Multiculturalism. (1978). Multicultural- ism and the government of Canada. Ottawa: Minister of Supplies and Services Canada.
23. Gravel, R. & Roberge, R (1984). Le véçu en adoption internationale au Québec. Québec City: Ministère des Affaires Sociales.
24. Green, J. (1982). Cultural awareness in the human services. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
25. Grow, L.J. & Shapiro, D. (1974). Black children white parents: A study of transracial adoptions. New York: Child Welfare League of America.
26. Hadley, J., Holloway, E. & Mallinckrodt, B. (1993). Common aspects of objects relations and self-representations in offspring from dysfunctional families. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 40(3), 348-356.
27. Harder, E. (1987). International adoption: An exploration of how adolescents are faring. M.S.W. thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario.
28. Henry, M. & Fox, S.W. (1993). Transracial adoption: Past, present and future. Children and Youth Services Review. 15, 509-518.
29. Hofvander, Y., Bengtsson, E., Gunnarby, A., Cederblad, M., Kats, M., & Stromholm, S. (1978). U-landsadotivbarn-halsa och anpassning. Lakartidningen, 75, 4673-4680.
30. Hoksbergen, R.A.C., Juffer, F. & Waardenburg, B.C. (1987). Adopted children at home and at school: The integration after eight years of 116 Thai children in the Dutch society. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger B.V.
31. Hoksbergen, R.A.C. (1991). Intercountry adoption coming of age in the Netherlands: Basic issues, trends and developments. In Altstein, H. & Simon, R.J. (eds). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. 141-160. New York: Praeger.
32. Hoksbergen, R.A.C. (1997). Turmoil for adoptees during their adolescence? International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 33-46.
33. Horowitz, L., Rosenberg, S. & Bartholomew, K. (1993). Interpersonal problems, attachment Styles, and Outcome in Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4) 549-560.
34. Jackson, G. (1977). The emergence of a black perspective in counselling. Journal of Negro Education, 46, 230-253.
35. Joe, B. (1978). In defense of intercountry adoption. Social Service Review. 53 (1), 1-20.
36. Jones, C.E. & Else, J. (1979). Racial and cultural issues in adoption. Child Welfare, 58 (6), 373-382.
37. Jones, E. (1972). On transracial adoption of Black children. Child Welfare, 51 (3), 156-164.
38. Juffer, F. & Rosenboom, L.G. (1997). Infant-mother attachment of internationally adopted children in the Netherlands. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 93-107.
39. Kaye, K. (1990). Acknowledgement or Rejection of Differences, in The Psychology of Adoption. Edited by D. Brodzinsky & M. D. Schechter. New York: Oxford University Press.
40. Kim, D.S. (1978). Issues in transracial and transcultural adoption. Social Casework, October, 477-486.
41. Kirk, H.D. (1964). Shared fate: A theory of adoption and mental health. New York: The Free Press.
42. Korr, W.S., Fallon, B.J. & Brieland, D. (1994). UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Implications for social work education. International Social Work, (37), 333-345.
43. Kuhl, W. (1985). When adopted children of foreign origin grow up. Osnabrück: Terre des Hommes.
44. Levy-Shiff, R., Zoran, N. & Shulmán, S. (1997). International and domestic adoption: parents, and family adjustment. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 109-129.
45. Marcia, J.E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 3, 551-558.
46. Marcovitch, S., Goldberg, S., Gold, A., Washington, J., Wasson, C., Krekewich, K. & Handley-Derry, M. (1997). Determinants of behavioural problems in Romanian children adopted in Ontario. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 17-31.
47. McRoy, R., Zürcher, L.A., Lauderdale, M. L. & Anderson, R.A. (1982). Self-es- teem and racial identity in transracial and inracial adoptees. Social Work, 27 (6), 522-526.
48. McRoy R. & Zürcher, L.A. (1983). Transracial and inracial adoptees: The adolescent years. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers.
49. McRoy, R., Zürcher, L.A., Lauderdale, M. L. & Anderson, R.A. (1984). The identity of transracial adoptees. Social Casework, 65, 34-39.
50. McRoy, R. G. (1991). Significance of ethnic and racial identity in intercountry adoption within the United States. Adoption and Fostering. 15 (4), 53-61.
51. Meron, T. (1984). Human rights in international law: Legal and policy issues. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
52. Ngabonziza, D. (1991). Moral and political issues facing relinquishing countries. Adoption and Fostering. 15 (4), 75-80.
53. Prilleltensky, I. (1994). The United Nations Convention on the Child: Implications for children's mental health. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health. 13 (2), 77-93.
54. Pruzan, V. (1977). Born in a foreign country-adopted in Denmark. International Child Welfare Review, 36 (2), 41-47.
55. Robins, L., Rutter, M. (1990). Straight and devious pathways from childhood. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
56. Rorbech, M. (1991). The conditions of 18-to-25 year old foreign born adoptees in Denmark. In Altstein, H. & Simon, R J. (eds). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. New York: Praeger, 127-140.
57. Saetersdal, B. & Dalen, M. (1991). Norway: Intercountry adoptions in a homogeneous country. In Altstein, H. & Simon, R.J. (eds). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. 83-108. New York: Praeger.
58. Simon, R.J. & Altstein, H. (1981). Transracial adoption: A followup. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
59. Simon, R.J. & Altstein, H. (1987). Transracial adoptees and their families: A study of identity and commitment. New York: Praeger.
60. Simon, R.J. & Altstein, H. (1992). Adoption, race, and identity: From infancy through adolescence. New York: Praeger.
61. Smith, R. (1991). Child care: Welfare, protection or rights? Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law. (6), 469-481
62. Textor, M.R. (1991). International adoption in West Germany: A private affair. In Altstein, H. & Simon, R.J. (eds). Intercountry adoption: A multinational perspective. New York: Praeger, 109-126.
63. Thomas, D. (1990). Immigrant integration and the Canadian identity. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada.
64. Tizard, B. (1991). Intercountry adoption: A review of the evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 32 (5), 743-56.
65. United Nations. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Hague.
66. Van der Kolk, B., Hostetler Herron, N., & Fisler, R. (1994). Trauma and the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(4), 715-730.
67. Verma, G.K. & Asworth, B. (1986). Ethnicity and educational achievement in British schools. Toronto: Macmillan.
68. Washington, R. (1983). Excerpts from "Black identity: Where we've been, and where we are." In Sipp, P. (ed.). Permanency planning: The Black experience. Tennessee: Southeast Resource Centre for Children and Youth, 10-11.
69. Werner, E. & Smith, R. (1982). Vulnerable, but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw Hill.
70. Westhues, A. & Cohen, J.S. (1994). Intercountry adoption in Canada. Ottawa: National Welfare Grants, Human Resources Development Canada.
71. Westhues, A. & Cohen J.S. (1997). A comparison of the adjustment of adolescent and young adult intercountry adoptees and their siblings. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20 (1), 47-65.
72. Wilkinson, H.S.P. (1985). Birth is more than once: The inner world of adopted Korean children. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Sunrise Ventures.