Employee Drug Testing as Social Control: A Typology of Normative Justifications

Review of Public Personnel Administration

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 193-215

  Brunet, James R ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84998179990     PISSN: 0734371X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0734371X0202200302     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. American Management Association. (1998). 1998 AMA survey on workplace testing and monitoring. New York: Author.
2. Black, D. (1976). The behavior of law. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
3. Black, D. (1984). Social control as a dependent variable. In D. Black (ed.), Toward a general theory of social control: Volume 1 (pp. 1 - 36). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
4. Borg, M.J., & Arnold, W.P. (1997). Social monitoring as social control: The case of drug testing in a medical workplace. Sociological Forum, 12, 441 - 460.
5. Boyes-Watson, C. (1997). Corporations as drug warriors: The symbolic significance of employee drug testing. Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, 17, 185 - 223.
6. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1995). Drugs and crime facts, 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
7. Cavanaugh, J.M., & Prasad, P. (1994). Drug testing as symbolic managerial action: In response to “A Case Against Workplace Drug Testing.” Organization Science, 5, 267 - 271.
8. Chambliss, W. (1964). A sociological analysis of the law of vagrancy. Social Problems, 12, 67 - 77.
9. Comer, D.R. (1994). A case against workplace drug testing. Organization Science, 5, 259 - 267.
10. Cozzetto, D.A., & Pedeliski, T.B. (1996). Privacy and the workplace. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 16, 21 - 31.
11. Daley, D.M., & Ellis, C.L. (1994). Drug screening in the public sector: A focus on law enforcement. Public Personnel Management, 23, 1 - 18.
12. DeCew, J.W. (1994). Drug testing: Balancing privacy and public safety. Hastings Center Report, 24, 17 - 23.
13. Exec. Order No. 12564. Drug-free work place, (1986).
14. Fine, C.R., Reeves, T.Z., & Harney, G.P. (1996). Employee drug testing: Are cities complying with the courts? Public Administration Review, 56, 30 - 37.
15. Gallup, G. (1987). The Gallup poll: Public opinion 1986. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
16. Gerber, J., Jensen, E.L., Schreck, M., & Babcock, G.M. (1990). Drug testing and social control: Implications for state theory. Contemporary Crises, 14, 243 - 258.
17. Gilliom, J. (1994). Surveillance, privacy, and the law: Employee drug testing and the politics of social control. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
18. Gleason, P.M., Veum, J.R., & Pergamit, M.R. (1991). Drug and alcohol use at work: A survey of young workers. Monthly Labor Review, 114, 3 - 7.
19. Hanson, F.A. (1993). Testing testing: Social consequences of the examined life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
20. Hecker, S., & Kaplan, M.S. (1989). Workplace drug testing as social control. International Journal of Health Services, 19, 693 - 707.
21. Jacobs, J.B., & Zimmer, L. (1991). Drug treatment and workplace drug testing: Politics, symbolism and organizational dilemmas. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 9, 345 - 360.
22. Macdonald, S. (1997). Work-place alcohol and other drug testing: A review of the scientific evidence. Drug and Alcohol Review, 16, 251 - 259.
23. Macdonald, S., & Wells, S. (1994). The impact and effectiveness of drug testing programs in the workplace. In S. Macdonald & P. Roman (Eds.), Drug testing in the workplace: Research advances in alcohol and drug problems (Vol. 11, pp. 121 - 142). New York: Plenum.
24. Moore, S., Grunberg, L., & Greenberg, E. (1998). Correlates of drug testing attitudes in a sample of blue collar workers. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 11, 135 - 150.
25. Mulloy, P.J. (1991). Winning the war on drugs in the military. In R. H. Coombs & L. J. West (Eds.), Drug testing: Issues and options (pp. 92 - 112). New York: Oxford University Press.
26. National Treasury Employees Union et al. v. Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656 (1989).
27. Normand, J., Lempert, R.O., & O’Brien, C.P. (Eds.). (1994). Under the influence? Drugs and the American work force. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
28. Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2000). National drug control strategy: 2000 annual report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
29. O’Malley, P., & Mugford, S. (1991). Moral technology: The political agenda of random drug testing. Social Justice, 18, 122 - 146.
30. Parsons, T. (1962). The law and social control. In W. Evan (ed.), Law and sociology (pp. 56 - 72). New York: Free Press.
31. Reagan, R., & Reagan, N. (1986). Text of President and Mrs. Reagan’s address on drug abuse and prevention as delivered September 14 from their White House living room. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 44, 2227 - 2229.
32. Reinarman, C., Waldorf, D., & Murphy, S.B. (1988). Scapegoating and social control in the construction of a public problem: Empirical and critical findings on cocaine and work. Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control, 9, 37 - 62.
33. Reuter, P. (1988). Testing and deterrence. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 7, 554 - 557.
34. Riccucci, N.M. (1990). Drug testing in the public sector: A legal analysis. American Review of Public Administration, 20, 95 - 106.
35. Richman, R. (1994). Balancing government necessity and public employee privacy: Reconstructing the Fourth Amendment through the special needs doctrine. Administration & Society, 26, 99 - 124.
36. Rovner, J. (1986). Testing of federal employees stirs fuss: Reagan, Senate Republicans join drug war. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 44, 2191 - 2197.
37. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Association, 489 U.S. 602 (1989).
38. Thompson, F.J., Riccucci, N.M., & Ban, C. (1991). Drug testing in the federal workplace: An instrumental and symbolic assessment. Public Administration Review, 51, 515 - 525.
39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1999). Annual survey of federal agency drug free workplace—1997. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
40. U.S. General Accounting Office. (1998). Drug abuse: Research shows that treatment is effective, but benefits may be overstated. Washington, DC: Author.
41. Walker, S. (2001). Sense and nonsense about crime and drugs: A policy guide (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
42. Zimmer, L., & Jacobs, J.B. (1992). The business of drug testing: Technological innovation and social control. Contemporary Drug Problems, 19, 1 - 26.