Experiences of covictims of homicide: Implications for research and practice

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 109-124

  Armour, Marilyn Peterson ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

bereavement; homicide; meaning making; murder; trauma; violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84997941557     PISSN: 15248380     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/15248380020032002     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Amick-McMullan, A., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Resnick, H. S. (1991). Homicide as a risk factor for PTSD among surviving family members. Behavior Modification, 15(4), 545-559.
2. Amick-McMullan, A., Kilpatrick, D. G., Veronen, L. J., & Smith, S. (1989). Family survivors of homicide victims: Theoretical perspectives and an exploratory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(1), 21-35.
3. Bard, M., Arnone, H. C., & Nemiroff, D. (1986). Contextual influences of the post-traumatic stress adaptation of homicide survivor-victims. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and its wake: Traumatic stress theory, research and intervention (Vol. 2). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
4. Bard, M., & Sangrey, D. (1986). The crime victim's handbook (2nd ed.). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
5. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I. (1986). Between give and take: A clinical guide to contextual therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
6. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. L. (1973). Invisible loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy. New York: Harper & Row.
7. Burgess, A. (1975). Family reaction to homicide. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 45(3), 391-144.
8. Courtois, C. (1988). Healing the incest wound. New York: Norton.
9. Doka, K. (Ed.). (1988). Disenfranchised grief: Recognizing hidden sorrow. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
10. Doka, K. J. (Ed.). (1996). Living with grief after sudden loss: Suicide, homicide, accident, heart attack, stroke. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.
11. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1999a). Index of crime, Table 1. Retrieved May 29, 2001, from http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/99cius.htm
12. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1999b). Section III: Crime index offenses cleared. Retrieved July 15, 2001, from www.fbi.gov/ucr/Cius_99/99crime/99cius3.pdf
13. Frankl, V. (1969). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy. New York: World Publishing.
14. Freeman, L. N., Shaffer, D., & Smith, H. (1996). Neglected victims of homicide: The needs of young siblings of murder victims. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66(3), 337-345.
15. Freize, I. H., Greenberg, M. S., & Hymer, A. (1987). Describing the crime victim: Psychological reactions to victimization. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 18(44), 299-315.
16. Getzel, G. S., & Masters, R. (1984). Serving families who survive homicide victims. Social Casework, pp. 138-144.
17. Horowitz, M. (1976). Stress response syndromes (2nd ed.). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
18. Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress response syndromes. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
19. Janoff-Bulman, J., & Freize, I. H. (1983). A theoretical perspective for understanding reactions to victimization. Journal of Social Issues, 39(2), 1-17.
20. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1985). The aftermath of victimization: Rebuilding shattered assumptions. In C. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and its wake: The study and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
21. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
22. Kaminer, H., & Lavie, F. (1993). Sleep and dreams in well-adjusted and less adjusted Holocaust survivors. In D. Klass, P. R. Silverman, & S. L. Nickman (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement. New York: Cambridge University Press.
23. Lyon, E., Moore, N., & Lexius, C. (1992). Group work with families of homicide victims. Social Work with Groups, 15(1), 19-33.
24. Marcey, M. A. (1995). A comparison of the long-term effects of bereavement after 4 types of death: Anticipated death, sudden death, drunk driver crash, and homicide. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
25. Masters, R., Friedman, L., & Getzel, G. (1988). Helping families of homicide victims: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1(1), 109-125.
26. Middleton, W., Raphael, B., Martinek, A., & Misson, V. (1993). Pathological grief reactions. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement. New York: Cambridge University Press.
27. Nadeau, J. W. (1998). Families making sense of death. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
28. Neimeyer, R. A. (Ed.). (2000). Meaning reconstruction and the experience of chronic loss. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
29. Ochberg, F. M. (1988). Post-traumatic therapy and victims of violence. In F. M. Ochberg (Ed.), Post-traumatic therapy and victims of violence. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
30. Park, C. L., & Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1(2), 115-144.
31. Parkes, C. M. (1993a). Bereavement as a psychosocial transition: Processes of adaptation to change. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement. New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Parkes, C. M. (1993b). Psychiatric problems following bereavement by murder or manslaughter. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 49-54.
33. Patterson, J. M., & Garwick, A. W. (1994). Levels of meaning in family stress theory. Family Process, 33, 287-304.
34. Peach, M. R., & Klass, D. (1987). Special issues in the grief of parents of murdered children. Death Studies, 11, 81-88.
35. Peterson, M. (2000). The search for meaning in the aftermath of homicide: A hermeneutic phenomenological study of families of homicide victims. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
36. Rando, T. A. (1993). Treatment of complicated mourning. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
37. Rando, T. A. (1996). Complications in mourning traumatic death. In K. Doka (Ed.), Living with grief after sudden loss: Suicide, homicide, accident, heart attack, stroke. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.
38. Redmond, L. (1989). Surviving: When someone you love was murdered. Clearwater, FL: Psychological Consultation and Education Services.
39. Redmond, L. M. (1996). Sudden violent death. In K. J. Doka (Ed.), Living with grief after sudden loss: Suicide, homicide, accident, heart attack, stroke. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.
40. Rinear, E. (1988). Psychosocial aspects of parental response patterns to the death of a child by homicide. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1(3), 305-322.
41. Rosenblatt, P. (1996). Grief that does not end. In D. Klass, P. R. Silverman, & S. L. Nickman (Eds.), Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
42. Rynearson, E. (1984). Bereavement after homicide: A descriptive study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141(121), 1452-1454.
43. Rynearson, E. K., & McCreery, J. M. (1993). Bereavement after homicide: A synergism of trauma and loss. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(2), 258-261.
44. Rynearson, E. R. (1988). The homicide of a child. In F. Ochberg (Ed.), Post-traumatic therapy and victims of violence. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
45. Silver, R. L., Boon, C., & Stones, M. H. (1983). Searching for meaning in misfortune: Making sense of incest. Journal of Social Issues, 39(2), 81-107.
46. Sprang, M. V., McNeil, J., & Wright, R., Jr. (1989). Psychological changes after the murder of a significant other. Social Casework, 2, 159-164.
47. Sprang, M. V., McNeil, J., & Wright, R., Jr. (1993). Grief among surviving family members of homicide victims: A causal approach. Omega, 26(2), 145-160.
48. Spungen, D. (1998). Homicide: The hidden victims. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
49. Stroebe, M., & Gergen, K. J. (1996). Broken hearts or broken bonds. In D. Klass, P. R. Silverman, & S. L. Nickman (Eds.), Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
50. Stroebe, M., & Schut, F. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and synthesis. Death Studies, 23, 197-224.
51. Stroebe, W., & Stroebe, M. (1993). Determinants of adjustment to bereavement in younger widows and widowers. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement. New York: Cambridge University Press.
52. Stuckless, N. (1996). The influence of anger, perceived injustice, revenge, and time on the quality of life of survivor-victims. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: York University.
53. Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
54. Temple, S. (1997). Treating inner-city families of homicide victims: A contextually oriented approach. Family Process, 36, 133-149.
55. Thompson, M. P., Norris, F. H., & Ruback, R. B. (1998). Comparative distress levels of inner-city family members of homicide victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(2), 223-242.
56. Thompson, M. P., & Vardaman, P. J. (1997). The role of religion in coping with the loss of a family member to homicide. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(1), 44-51.
57. Thompson, S., & Jangian, A. (1988). Life schemes: A framework for understanding the search for meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 260-280.
58. Ulman, R. B. (1988). The shattered self: A psychoanalytic study of trauma. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
59. Umbreit, M., Bradshaw, W., & Coates, R. B. (1999). Victims of severe violence meet the offender: Restorative justice through dialogue. International Journal of Victimology, 6(4), 321-345.
60. Umbreit, M., & Voss, B. (2000). Homicide survivors meet the offender prior to execution: Restorative justice through dialogue. Homicide Studies, 4(1), 63-97.
61. van der Kolk, B. A., McFarlane, A. C., & Weiseth, L. (Eds.). (1996). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body and society. New York: Guilford.
62. Volkan, V. (1985). Psychotherapy of complicated mourning. In V. Volkan (Ed.), Depressive states and their treatment. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
63. White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative ends to therapeutic means. New York: Norton.
64. Worden, J. W. (1982). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health professional. New York: Springer.
65. Wortman, C. B., Silver, R. C., & Kessler, R. C. (1993). The meaning of loss and adjustment to bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
66. Armour, M. P. (in press). Journey of family members of homicide victims: A qualitative study of their post homicide experience. Journal of Orthopsychiatry.
67. Doka, K. J. (Ed.). (1996). Living with grief after sudden loss: Suicide, homicide, accident, heart attack, stroke. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.
68. Rynearson, E. K., & McCreery, J. M. (1993). Bereavement after homicide: A synergism of trauma and loss. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(2), 251-261.
69. Spungen, D. (1998). Homicide: The hidden victims. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
70. Thompson, M. P., Norris, F. H., & Ruback, R. B. (1998). Comparative distress levels of inner-city family members of homicide victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(2), 223-242.