The labour party and the improvement of minds: The case of tony crosland

Historical Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 133-153

  Nuttall, Jeremy ^a  

^a KINGSTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84996664718     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X0200287X     Document Type: Article

References (134)

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7. K. O. Morgan, Labour in power, 1945–1951 (Oxford, 1985), pp. 174–179.
8. G. Foote, The Labour party's political thought: a history (3rd edn, London, 1997).
9. Such as in D. Howell, British social democracy: a study in development and decay (London, 1976), pp. 245, 251, 255, and 283.
10. R. Desai, Intellectuals and socialism: ‘social democrats’ and the Labour party (London, 1994).
11. P. Catterall, ‘Morality and politics: the free churches and the Labour party between the wars’, Historical Journal, 36 (1993), pp. 667–685.
12. L. Black, ‘Social democracy as a way of life: fellowship and the Socialist Union, 1951–1959’, Twentieth Century British History, 10 (1999), pp. 499–539.
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14. England arise!’: the Labour party and popular politics in 1940s Britain., p. 136.
15. G. A. Cohen, If you're an egalitarian, how come you're so rich? (London, 2000), p. x.
16. See also K. Soper, ‘Socialism and personal morality’, in D. McLellan and S. Sayers, eds., Socialism and morality (London, 1990), ch. 7.
17. S. Crosland, Tony Crosland (London, 1983) - though first published in 1982.
18. Ellison, Egalitarian thought.
19. D. Reisman, Anthony Crosland: the mixed economy (London, 1997)
20. D. Reisman, Crosland's future: opportunity and outcome (London, 1997).
21. D. Leonard, ed., Crosland and New Labour (London, 1999).
22. K. Jefferys, Anthony Crosland (London, 1999).
23. S. Collini, Liberalism and sociology: L. T. Hobhouse and political argument in England, 1880–1914 (Cambridge, 1979), p. 160.
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26. J. R. MacDonald, Socialism and society (London, 1905), p. 3.
27. D. Marquand, The progressive dilemma (London, 1992), p. 24.
28. S. Crosland, Crosland, pp. 4–5.
29. London School of Economics, Crosland papers (C) 1/7, 11.
30. J. S. Mill, On liberty (London, 1985), pp. 125–140.
31. On liberty.
32. S. Crosland, Crosland, p. 8.
33. C. A. R. Crosland, The conservative enemy (London, 1962), p. 129.
34. Skidelsky asserts that the duty of caring was transferred from the individual to the state, in R. Skidelsky, Interests and obsessions: selected essays (London, 1993), p. 9.
35. D. Marquand, The new reckoning: capitalism, states, and citizens (Cambridge, 1997), p. 11. See also pp. 24–5 for Marquand's discussion of ‘moral’ and ‘mechanical’ reformers.
36. Gordon Sewell, Bournemouth Daily Echo, 12 Oct. 1956, C 13/9, 55.
37. S. Crosland, Crosland, pp. 4–7
38. BBC radio interview, 1973, C 13/36.
39. S. Crosland, Crosland, pp. 43–5 and 63
40. Jefferys, Crosland, pp. 26, 30, 39–41, 52–3, and 70.
41. E. F. M. Durbin, The politics of democratic socialism: an essay on social policy (London, 1940), pp. 68–69.
42. The politics of democratic socialism: an essay on social policy., pp. 69–70.
43. S. Williams, Snakes and ladders: a political diary (1996), BBC tape.
44. BBC radio interview, 1973, C 13/36.
45. Jefferys, Crosland, pp. 11–12 and 17.
46. Crosland., p. 20.
47. BBC radio interview, 1973, C 13/36.
48. D. Healey, The time of my life (London, 1990), p. 36.
49. Interview with author (Int.): Ian Little, 16 Nov. 1999.
50. W. Morris, ‘The society of the future’, in A. L. Morton, ed., Political writings of William Morris (London, 1984), p. 191.
51. C. A. R. Crosland, The future of socialism (London, 1956), pp. 205–207.
52. The future of socialism., p. 109.
53. Frank Pakenham, Fabian Journal, Nov. 1956, C 13/9, 26.
54. Fielding et al., ‘England arise!’, pp. 213–214.
55. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 105.
56. Future of socialism., pp. 111–112.
57. Jefferys, Labour, p. 33.
58. R. H. S. Crossman in R. H. S. Crossman, ed., New Fabian essays (London, 1952), p. 2.
59. See J. Harris, ‘Labour's political and social thought’, in D. Tanner, P. Thane, and N. Tiratsoo, eds., Labour's first century (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 29–30.
60. A. J. Ayer, Encounter, Dec. 1956, C 13/9, 32.
61. Crosland, Future of socialism, pp. 269–270.
62. Future of socialism., p. 80.
63. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 12.
64. S. Crosland, Crosland, p. 283.
65. Cited in Reisman, Anthony Crosland, p. 48.
66. Crosland, Future of socialism, pp. 196–197.
67. S. Brooke, ‘Evan Durbin: reassessing a Labour “revisionist”’, Twentieth Century British History, 7 (1996), pp. 37–38.
68. Twentieth Century British History., pp. 40–41.
69. Haseler, Gaitskellites, p. 89.
70. Crosland in Crossman, ed., New Fabian essays, p. 62.
71. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 113.
72. See Morgan, Labour, pp. 174–179.
73. See, for example, Shaw, ed., Fabian essays
74. MacDonald, Socialism.
75. J. Strachey, The theory and practice of socialism (London, 1936)
76. D. Jay, The socialist case (London, 1937).
77. G. D. H. Cole, in his The next ten years in British social and economic policy (London, 1930), devoted a substantial section to education, but the main focus of the book was still on economics.
78. R. S. Barker, ‘The educational policies of the Labour party, 1900–1961’ (PhD thesis, London, 1968), p. 391.
79. H. J. Laski, The state in theory and practice (London, 1935), p. 122.
80. Jay, Socialist case, p. 352.
81. Durbin, Politics, p. 298.
82. R. Barker, Education and politics, 1900–1951: a study of the Labour party (Oxford, 1972), p. 96.
83. Education and politics., p. 97.
84. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 518.
85. Future of socialism., p. 277.
86. Crosland, Conservative enemy, p. 208.
87. Conservative enemy., p. 99.
88. Conservative enemy., p. 215.
89. M. Falkender, Downing Street in perspective (London, 1983), p. 244.
90. Bryan Magee, Socialist Commentary, Jan. 1963, C 13/12, 19.
91. Socialist Commentary.
92. K. O. Morgan, Callaghan: a life (Oxford, 1997), p. 277.
93. J. Campbell, Roy Jenkins: a biography (London, 1983), p. 86.
94. R. Jenkins, A life at the center: memoirs of a radical reformer (New York, 1992).
95. S. Crosland, Crosland, p. 187.
96. Crosland, Future of socialism, pp. 527–528.
97. S. Crosland, Crosland, p. 35.
98. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 520.
99. Future of socialism., p. 341
100. the Chartist was quoted in M. Beer, A history of British socialism (2 vols., London, 1919–1921), II, p. 221.
101. Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 246.
102. W. Morris, ‘How I became a socialist’, Justice, 16 June 1894
103. A. Bevan, In place of fear (London, 1978; first publ. 1952), p. 71.
104. R. Samuel in Where: 5 views on Labour's future, Fabian tract 320 (Nov. 1959), p. 35.
105. Diary, 4 Sept. 1949, C 16/1, 53.
106. Crosland, Sunday Times, Mar. 1971, C 13/20, 224.
107. Crosland, Conservative enemy, p. 125.
108. Healey, Time of my life, pp. 583–584.
109. See L. Chun, The British New Left (Edinburgh, 1993), p. 27.
110. Keynes, in Essays in persuasion (1931), pp. 371–372
111. cited in Crosland, Future of socialism, p. 528.
112. See citation from Arnold's Essays in criticism (1895 edn), p. 17
113. in Crosland, Future of socialism, pp. 291–292.
114. Campbell, Jenkins, p. 175.
115. Foote, Political thought, p. 228.
116. Reflections, Aug. 1974, C 16/8, 12.
117. A. Crosland, Socialism now and other essays (London, 1974), p. 54.
118. See A. Crosland, Social democracy in Europe, Fabian tract 438 (Dec. 1975), pp. 13–14.
119. J. Campbell, Nye Bevan and the mirage of British socialism (London, 1987), p. 364.
120. M. Foot, Aneurin Bevan: a biography, I (London, 1962), p. 20.
121. Jottings, Aug. 1975, C 16/8, 23.
122. Interview with George Gale, Apr. 1974, C 13/20, 327.
123. C. Jencks, Inequality: a reassessment of the effect of family and schooling in America (London, 1973), p. 255.
124. For examples of Crosland's (unsystematic) attention to the aims of education see Crosland, Future of socialism, pp. 134, 193, 208, 215, 234, 236–7, 260, and 274
125. Crosland, Conservative enemy, p. 176.
126. R. Terrill, R. H. Tawney and his times: socialism as fellowship (London, 1974), pp. 37, 63, 99–100, and 117.
127. Cohen, If you're an egalitarian, p. 152.
128. M. and R. Friedman, Free to choose: a personal statement (London, 1980), p. 141.
129. Cited in Black, ‘Social democracy’, p. 523.
130. Crosland, Conservative enemy, p. 27.
131. See Crosland, Conservative enemy, pp. 143–144.
132. Soper, in McLellan and Sayers, eds., Socialism, p. 105.
133. N. Annan, Our age: the generation that made post-war Britain (London, 1995), p. 491.
134. P. Jenkins, Mrs Thatcher's revolution: the ending of the socialist era (London, 1989), p. 379.