Justice for Women in War? Feminist Ethics and Human Rights for Women

Feminist Theology

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 346-361

  Höglund, Anna T ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84996150243     PISSN: 09667350     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/096673500301100308     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Ruth Seifert, ‘War and Rape: A Preliminary Analysis’, in Alexandra Stiglmayer (ed.), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina (London. University of Nebraska Press, 1994), pp. 54-72 (54).
2. Concerning the documentation of rape in war, see, e.g., Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (New York: Bantam Books, 1976).
3. Rhonda Copelon, ‘Gendered War Crimes. Reconceptualizing Rape in Time of War’, in Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper (eds.), Women's Rights, Human R.ights International Feminist Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 197-98
4. Copelon, ‘Gendered War Crimes’, p. 200.
5. Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
6. Nel Noddings, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
7. See, e.g., Joan Tronto, ‘Beyond Gender Difference to a Theory of Care’, Signs 12 (1987), pp. 644-63; and Annette Baier, ‘Whom Can Women Trust?’, in Claudia Card (ed.), Feminist Ethics (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991), pp. 233-45.
8. Kathryn Tanner, ‘The Care That Does Justice: Recent Writings in Feminist Ethics and Theology’, Journal of Religious Ethics 24.1 (Spring 1996), pp. 171-91.
9. See, e.g., Marilyn Friedman, ‘Beyond Caring: The De-Moralization of Gender’, in Mary Jeanne Larrabee (ed.), An Ethic of Care: Feminist and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 258-73; Virginia Held, ‘The Meshing of Care and Justice’, Hypatia 10.2 (1995); and Baier ‘Whom Can Women Trust?’.
10. See, e.g., Uma Narayan, ‘Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations on Rights and Care Discourses’, Hypatia 10.2 (1995); and Sharon D. Welch, A Feminist Ethic of Risk (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990).
11. Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Towards a Politics of Peace (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989).
12. Anna T. Höglund, Krig och kon: Feministisk etik och den moraliska bedomningen av militart våld (War and Gender: Feminist Ethics and the Moral Judgement of Military Violence) (Uppsala Studies in Social Ethics, 26; Uppsala: Acta, 2001), pp. 181-217.
13. Fiona Robinson, Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Relations (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999).
14. Robinson, Globalizing Care.
15. Fiona Robmson, ‘Exploring Social Relations, Understanding Power, and Valuing Care: The Role of Critical Feminist Ethics in International Relations Theory’, in Hakan Seckinelgin and Hideaki Shinoda (eds.), Ethics and International Relations (New York: Palgrave, in association with Millennium Journal of International Studies 2001), p. 71.
16. Höglund, Krig och kon, pp. 95-97.
17. Anna T. Höglund, ‘“Don't Love Nothing”: On the Shortcoming of Care in Unjust Structures’ (‘“Älska inget”: Om omsorgens tillkortakommande i orättvisa strukturer’. Written in Swedish with an abstract in English.) Tro & Liv 5 (1997), pp. 2-13.
18. This theory of justice is inspired by the writings of, e.g., Iris Marion Young and Karen Lebacqz. See Iris M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990) and Karen Lebacqz, Justice in an Unjust World: Foundations for a Christian Approach to Justice (Minneapolis. Augsburg, 1987).
19. This has been developed by, e.g., Martha Nussbaum. See Martha Nussbaum, Poetic Justice: The Literary Imagination and Public Life (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995).
20. See, e.g., Helsinki Watch: War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, II (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1993) and The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995), and Stiglmayer (ed.), Mass Rape.
21. Human Rights Watch World Report (1994), p. 360.
22. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, pp. 8-9.
23. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, p. 12.
24. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, p. 14.
25. Beverly Allen, Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide m Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
26. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, p. 17.
27. Stiglmayer (ed), Mass Rape, p. 109.
28. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, p. 19
29. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights, p. 19.
30. Copelon, ‘Gendered War Crimes’, pp. 200-201.
31. Seifert, ‘War and Rape’, p. 57.
32. Seifert, ‘War and Rape’, p. 56.
33. Allen, Rape Warfare, p. xiii.
34. Seifert, ‘War and Rape’, pp. 58-59.
35. Allen, Rape Warfare, pp. 27-28.
36. HRWGlobal Report on Women's Human Rights (1995), p. 1.
37. Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Fourth Geneva Convention (12 August 1949), Article 27.
38. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Concentions of 12 August 1949 (12 December 1977), Article 4(2)(e).
39. Rhonda Copelone, ‘Surfacing Gender. Reconceptualizing Crimes Against Women in Time of War’, in Stiglmayer (ed.), Mass Rape, p. 202.
40. For a Christian version of the just war tradition, see, e.g., Paul Ramsey, The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility (New York. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1968). For a philosophical version, see, e.g., Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars. A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
41. Copelon, ‘Gendered War Crimes. Reconceptualizing Rape in Time of War’, p 197.
42. Seifert, ‘War and Rape’, p. 63.
43. Catharine MacKinnon, ‘On Human Rights’, in Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace (New York: Basic Books, 1993), pp. 84-109 (85).