Terrorist web sites: Their contents, functioning, and effectiveness

Media and Conflict in the Twenty-First Century

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 185-215

  Conway, Maura ^a,b  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84995711115     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781403980335     Document Type: Chapter

References (53)

1. Ariana Eunjung Cha, "Cyberspace Security Czar Worries About 'Digital Pearl Harbour'," Washington Post, November 5, 2001
2. Barton Gellman, "Qaeda Cyberterror Called Real Peril," Washington Post, June 28, 2002
3. Tania Hershman, "Cyberterrorism is Real Threat, Say Experts at Conference," Israel Internet, December 11, 2000
4. Jerrold M. Post, Erich Shaw, and Keven Ruby, "From Car Bombs to Logic Bombs: The Growing Threat from Information Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Summer 2000)
5. Dan Verton, Black Ice: The Invisible Threat of Cyberterrorism (California:McGraw Hill, 2003).
6. Maura Conway, "Reality Bytes:Cyberterrorism and Terrorist 'Use' of the Internet," First Monday, Vol. 7, No. 11 (November 2002), http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_11/ conway/index.html
7. Technical Analysis Group, Examining the Cyber Capabilities of Islamic Terrorist Groups (Dartmouth College, NH: Institute for Security Technology, 2003), https://www.ists.dartmouth.edu/TAG/ITB/ITB_ 032004.pdf
8. Gabriel Weimann, www.terror.net: How Modern Terrorism Uses the Internet (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2004), http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr116.html.
9. A sampling of research on terrorist Web sites: Maura Conway, "Cybercortical Warfare: The Case of Hizbollah.org," European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) Joint Sessions of Workshops, Edinburgh, March 28-April 2, 2003, http://www.essex.ac.uk/ecpr/events/jointsessions/paperarchive/ edinburgh/ ws20/Conway.pdf
10. Brigitte Nacos, Mass-Mediated Terrorism: The Central Role of the Media in Terrorism and Counterterrorism (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002)
11. Yariv Tsfati and Gabriel Weimann, "www.terrorism.com:Terror on the Internet," Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 25, No. (September-October 2002)
12. Michael Whine, "Cyberspace: A New Medium for Communication, Command, and Control by Extremists," Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 22, No. 3 (August 1999), pp. 231-245
13. Michael Whine, "Islamist Organisations on the Internet," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1999), pp. 123-132.
14. W. Lance Bennett, "Communicating Global Activism: Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Networked Politics," Information, Communication, and Society, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2003), pp. 143-168
15. Harry M. Cleaver, "The Zapatista Effect: The Internet and the Rise of an Alternative Political Fabric," Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Spring 1998), pp. 621-631
16. Nick Couldry and James Curran, eds., Contesting Media Power (New York: Rowman, 2003)
17. Wim Van De Donk, Brian Loader, Paul Dixon, and Dieter Rucht, eds., Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens, and Social Movements (London: Routledge, 2003)
18. Peter I. Hajnal, ed., Civil Society in the Information Age (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002)
19. Leander Kahney, "Internet Stokes Anti-War Movement," Wired News, January 21, 2003, http://www.wired.com/news/ culture/ 0,1284,57310,00. html?tw_wn_ story_related
20. Sagi Leizerov, "Privacy Advocacy Groups Versus Intel: A Case Study of How Social Movements are Tactically Using the Internet to Fight Corporations," Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Winter 2000), pp. 461-483
21. Wan-Ying Lin and William H. Dutton, "The 'Net' Effect in Politics: The 'Stop the Overlay' Campaign in Los Angeles," Party Politics, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2003), pp. 124-136.
22. Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 262.
23. Kelly R. Damphousse and Brent L. Smith, "The Internet: A Terrorist Medium for the 21st Century," in Harvey W. Kushner, ed., The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millennium (London: Sage, 1998), pp. 208-224
24. Brian Levin, "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America," American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 45, No. 6 (2002), pp. 958-988
25. Nacos, Mass-Mediated Terrorism, pp. 103-130.
26. Bob Cromwell's "Separatist, Para-Military, Military, Intelligence, and Political Organisations," is available online at http://www.cromwellintl. com/security/netusers.html.
27. Alex P. Schmid and Janny De Graaf, Violence as Communication: Insurgent Terrorism and the Western News Media (London: Sage, 1982), p. 9.
28. Rachel Gibson and Stephen Ward, "A Proposed Methodology for Studying the Function and Effectiveness of Party and Candidate Web Sites," Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Fall 2000), p. 304.
29. Weimann, www.terror.net, p. 3.
30. Weimann, www.terror.net, pp. 5-11.
31. Ronald D. Crelinsten, "Power and Meaning: Terrorism as a Struggle Over Access to the Communication Structure," in Paul Wilkinson and A.M. Stewart, eds., Contemporary Research on Terrorism (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1987), p. 420.
32. Schmid and De Graaf, Violence as Communication, p. 110.
33. Crelinsten, "Power and Meaning," p. 421.
34. Reuters, Malaysia PM Says Web Terror Sites Unacceptable, May 14, 2004
35. Weimann, www.terror.net, p. 5.
36. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, pp. 305-306
37. Weimann, www.terror.net, p. 8.
38. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, p. 306.
39. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, p. 302.
40. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, p. 306.
41. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, p. 308.
42. The CPO site is online at http://www.hizbollah.org.
43. Joyu Fumihiro's official site is online at http://www.joyu.to. Nasrollah's personal homepage may be accessed at http://www.nasrollah.org.
44. http://www.manartv.com
45. http://www.alnour.net/
46. http://www.alahed.org
47. http://www.naimkassem.org
48. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, "Right-Wing Internet Site Urges Players to Kill Oslo 'Criminals,' Arafat," FBIS-NES-2002-0214, February 14, 2002.
49. Karen S. Johnson-Cartee and Gary A. Copeland, Strategic Political Communication: Rethinking Social Influence, Persuasion, and Propaganda (Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004), pp. 141-142.
50. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology, p. 313.
51. Gibson and Ward, A Proposed Methodology p. 313.
52. Schmid and De Graaf, Violence as Communication, p. 170.
53. Pippa Norris, Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 172.