Appropriation of Evil: Cooperation's Mirror Image

Theological Studies

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 280-313

  Kaveny, M Cathleen ^a  

^a NOTRE DAME LAW SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84994783038     PISSN: 00405639     EISSN: 21691304     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/004056390006100204     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. See, e.g., Henry Davis, S.J., Moral and Pastoral Theology 1: Human Acts, Sin, and Virtue, ed. L.W. Geddes (New York: Sheed&Ward, 1958) 341;
2. Edwin F. Healy, Moral Guidance (Chicago: Loyola University, 1942) 43;
3. Dominic M. Prümmer, O.P., Handbook of Moral Theology, trans. Gerald W. Shelton (Cork: Mercier, 1956) 103.
4. Catholic Identity in Health Care: Principles and Practice [Braintree, Mass.: Pope John Center, 1989] chap. 10
5. The Way of the Lord Jesus 2: Living a Christian Life [Quincy, III.: Franciscan, 1993] 440).
6. Bernard Häring, The Law of Christ 2: Special Moral Theology (Cork: Mercier, 1963) 495.
7. Germain Grisez and Joseph Boyle, Life and Death with Liberty and Justice: A Contribution to the Euthanasia Debate (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1979) 422.
8. Anthony Fisher, "Co-Operation in Evil," Catholic Medical Quarterly 44 (February 1994) 15.
9. Davis, Moral and Pastoral Theology 1.342-52;
10. and James Keenan, S.J., "Prophylactics, Toleration, and Cooperation: Contemporary Problems and Traditional Principles," International Philosophical Quarterly 29 (1989) 206-20.
11. In addition, German Grisez discusses over 30 cases involving cooperation with evil (The Way of the Lord Jesus 3: Difficult Moral Problems [Quincy, III.: Franciscan, 1997]).
12. See, e.g., Griese, Catholic Identity in Health Care: Principles and Practice 388, citing Thomas O'Donnell, Medicine and Christian Morality (New York: Alba House, 1976) 32.
13. See M. Cathleen Kaveny and James Keenan, S.J., "Ethical Issues in Health Care Restructuring," Theological Studies 56 (1995) 136-50, at 146.
14. National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (Washington: United States Catholic Conference, 1995), Directive 45.
15. "The Principle of Cooperation," Health Progress 76 [April 1995] 26).
16. For a history of the development of moral theology, see John Mahoney, The Making of Moral Theology (Oxford: Clarendon, 1987);
17. John A. Gallagher, Time Past, Time Future (New York: Paulist, 1990);
18. and Charles E. Curran, The Origins of Moral Theology in the United States: Three Different Approaches (Washington: Georgetown University, 1997).
19. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae 2-2, q. 66, a. 7.
20. Russell E. Smith, "The Principle of Cooperation in Catholic Thought," in The Fetal Tissue Issue: Medical and Ethical Aspects, ed. Peter J. Cataldo and Albert S. Moraczewski (Braintree, Mass.: Pope John Center, 1994) 81-92.
21. Smith, "The Principle of Cooperation" 84.
22. Elizabeth Anscombe, Intention (London: Basil Blackwell, 1957; reprint ed.: Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, 1966).
23. Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, Directive 69.
24. For a slightly dated but still helpful survey of the fruits of this renewed interest in virtue ethics, see William C. Spohn, "The Return of Virtue Ethics," TS 53 (1992) 60-75.
25. Alasdair MacIntyre's enormously influential work After Virtue (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1981)
26. Jean Porter, The Recovery of Virtue (Louisville: Westminster/ Knox, 1990)
27. Daniel Mark Nelson, The Priority of Prudence (University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1992).
28. Servais Pinckaers, O.P., The Sources of Christian Ethics (Washington: Catholic University of America, 1995)
29. Romanus Cessario, O.P. The Moral Virtues and Theological Ethics (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1991).
30. For an article discussing the differences between the two approaches see Thomas F. O'Meara, O.P., "Virtues in the Theology of Thomas Aquinas," TS 58 (1997) 254-85.
31. Acts "opposed to life itself.... poison human society, and they do more harmto those who practice them than to those who suffer the injury" (Vatican II, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World [Gaudium et spes] no. 27; emphasis mine).
32. H. Denzinger and A. Schönmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, 36th ed. (Freiburg: Herder, 1976) 2151.
33. Smith, "Ethical Quandary" 112.
34. "Biomedical Ethics and the Shadow of Nazism," a transcription of "A Conference on the Proper Use of the Nazi Analogy in Ethical Debate" [dated 8 April 1976], Hastings Center Report 6:4 (August 1976) (special supplement) 1-20;
35. also "Nazi Data: Dissociation from Evil" [case study with commentaries by Mark Sheldon and William P. Whiteley, Brian Folker and Arthur W. Hafner, and Willard Gaylin], Hastings Center Report 19:4.16- 18;
36. Marcia Angell, "Editorial Responsibility: Protecting Human Rights by Restricting Publication of Unethical Research," in The Nazi Doctors & the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation, ed. George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin (New York: Oxford University, 1992) 226-85;
37. Robert M. Martin, "Using Nazi Scientific Data," Dialogue 25 (1986) 403-11;
38. Kristine Moe, "Should the Nazi Research Data Be Cited?" Hastings Center Report 14 (December 1984) 507;
39. Arthur Schafer, "William E. Seidelman, "Mengele Medicus: Medicine's Nazi Heritage," The Milbank Quarterly 66 (1988) 221-39;
40. Arthur Schafer, "On Using Nazi Data: The Case Against," Dialogue 25 (1986) 413-19;
41. Mark Weitzman, "The Ethics of Using Nazi Medical Data: A Jewish Perspective," Second Opinion 14 (July 1990) 27-38.